Green's function for arbitrarily shaped dielectric bodies of revolution

In this paper, a solution is developed to calculate the electric field at one point in space due to an electric dipole exciting an arbitrarily shaped dielectric body of revolution (BOR). Specifically, the electric field is determined from the solution of coupled surface integral equations (SIE) for the induced surface electric and magnetic currents on the dielectric body excited by an elementary electric current dipole source. Both the interior and exterior fields to the dielectric BOR may be accurately evaluated via this approach. For a highly lossy dielectric body, the numerical Green's function is also obtainable from an approximate integral equation (AIE) based on a surface boundary condition. If this equation is solved by the method of moments, significant numerical efficiency over SIE is realized. Numerical results obtained by both SIE and AIE approaches agree with the exact solution for the special case of a dielectric sphere. With this numerical Green's function, the complicated radiation and scattering problems in the presence of an arbitrarily shaped dielectric BOR are readily solvable by the method of moments.     

Capacitance analysis of a circular disk on a dielectric layer

Using the Hankel transform, the mixed boundary value problem of a conducting, circular disk on a dielectric layer in an electric field was reduced to the solution of dual integral equations. Analytical expressions of the capacitance of the electrical system to the second approximation were derived for the ratio of the layer thickness to the disk radius being larger than one and the ratio being less than one, respectively. Both expressions yield numerical results in accord with those reported in literature. The capacitance of a circular disk on a semi-infinite dielectric can be used for a ratio larger than or equal to 4. Using the results, the thickness effect on electrowetting of a disk-like conducting film on a dielectric substrate was discussed. There exists an upper bound of the electric voltage applied to the film above which the saturation of contact angle or local instability will occur.     

The surface plasmon polariton dispersion relations in a nonlinear-metal-nonlinear dielectric structure of arbitrary nonlinearity

The analytic surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) dispersion relation is studied in a system consisting of a thin metallic film bounded by two sides media of nonlinear dielectric of arbitrary nonlinearity is studied by applying a generalised first integral approach.We consider both asymmetric and symmetric structures.Especially,in the symmetric system,two possible modes can exist:the odd mode and the even mode.The dispersion relations of the two modes are obtained.Due to the nonlinear dielectric,the magnitude of the electric field at the interface appears and alters the dispersion relations.The changes in SPPs dispersion relations depending on film thicknesses and nonlinearity are studied.     

Model of a wedge-electrode corona discharge under saturation: Exact solutions

Analytical solutions for the distributions of the electric field potential and electric charge density are derived for the outer region of a steady-state unipolar corona discharge from an ideal wedge-shaped electrode under the conditions of space-charge-limited current. Two situations are considered: a corona is initiated only from the edge of the wedge and from the entire surface of the electrode. In the former case, general solutions are obtained by sewing together exact cylindrically symmetric solutions in the drift space and plane symmetric solutions in space-charge-free regions. In the latter case, the field distribution near the edge turns out to be self-similar, i.e., invariant under extensions in the cross-sectional plane of the wedge, with the center at the top of the wedge. For both models, the dependences of the saturation current per edge’s unit length on the apex angle and applied potential difference are obtained.     

Space charge behavior and its modified electric field in the cross-linked polyethylene under applied voltage DC and different temperatures

In this paper, space charge behavior in dielectric material and the capacitive charge at an electrode-dielectric interface, at room temperature under an applied electric field, has been investigated. This was done for a single sample and for a combination of the sample and a non-stressed sample using the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method. A negative charge injected at the dielectric interface under an electric field (polarization) and high temperatures was focused on. It was found that negative charge injection takes place under all the test conditions, and this charge can be affected by the electric field and the temperature.     

Transformation of a plane wave by a periodically time modulated dielectric medium

The problem of the transformation of a plane monochromatic wave by a finite-duration sequence of periodic rectangular pulses of the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability is solved exactly with integral equations. The expressions for the transformed component of the electric field at any point in space at an arbitrary time are derived and analyzed.     

Coupled dilaton and electromagnetic field in cylindrically symmetric spacetime

An exact solution is obtained for coupled dilaton and electromagnetic field in a cylindrically symmetric spacetime where an axial magnetic field as well as a radial electric field both are present. Depending on the choice of the arbitrary constants our solution reduces either to dilatonic gravity with pure electric field or to that with pure magnetic field. In the first case we have a curvature singularity at a finite distance from the axis indicating the existence of the boundary of a charged cylinder which may represent the source of the electric field. For the second case we have a singularity on the axis. When the dilaton field is absent the electromagnetic field disappears in both the cases. Whereas the contrary is not true. It is further shown that light rays except for those proceeding in the radial direction are either trapped or escape to infinity depending on the magnitudes of certain constant parameters as well as on the nature of the electromagnetic field. Nature of circular geodesics is also studied in the presence of dilaton field in the cylindrically symmetric spacetime.     

The dispersion relations for surface plasmon in a nonlinear-metal-nonlinear dielectric structure

In the asymmetric and symmetric nonlinear-metal-nonlinear dielectric structures, this paper studies the analytic dispersion relation for surface plasmon in a system consisting of a thin metallic film covered on two sides media of intensity-dependent refractive indexes by applying a generalised first integral approach. Especially in the symmetric waveguide structure, two possible modes can exist: the odd mode and the even mode. The dispersion relations of the two modes are obtained. Due to the nonlinear dielectric, the squared magnitude of the electric field at the interface appears and alters the dispersion relations. Numerical results are compared to those from a certain approximate treatment.     

强电场下气泡形变对液体绝缘的影响

 基于液体气泡击穿的椭球模型,推导了气泡形变的流体动力学方程;利用软件Comsol模拟了气泡受力后的形变;根据模拟结果,结合气体击穿的帕邢定律,讨论了气泡形变对液体绝缘的影响。结果表明:气泡在静电引力和表面张力的作用下,沿电场线方向拉伸成椭球,椭球长短轴之比与外加电场强度和气泡初始半径成正比;形变导致电场方向气体通道延长,气泡更容易击穿,外加气压是避免气泡击穿的有效途径之一,外加气压的大小与电场强度和气泡初始半径成正比。     

相干点源照明时消球差光学系统的像场结构

利用矢量傅里叶变换和稳相法获得了相干点源位于光轴上任意位置时，消球差光学系统像场结构的积分表达式，详细研究了使用线偏振光照明时像平面上大物方孔径角对像场结构的影响.模拟计算表明，在像空间垂直于光轴的平面上，如果物方孔径角较大，磁场分布绕光轴旋转90°后不再与电场分布相同，电场能量密度、磁能量密度和玻印亭矢量分布的等高线始终近似为椭圆，并且物方孔径角是导致玻印亭矢量分布失去圆对称性的主要因素.同时当使用小像方孔径角时，电场能量密度分布形状的长轴方向垂直于物空间电场的振动方向；随着像方孔径角逐渐增大，电场能量密度分布形状的长轴方向将逐渐变为与物空间电场的振动方向相同.这些结论完全不同于以前理论所预测的结果. 关键词： 成像系统 像场结构 矢量傅里叶变换 稳相法     

Solitonlike beam propagation along light-induced singularity of space charge in fast photorefractive media

We investigate light beam propagation in a fast photorefractive medium placed in an alternating electric ac field to enhance the nonlinear response. It is shown that the joint action of the optical and material nonlinearities leads to formation of a narrow singularity of the light-induced space charge at the intensity maximum and to self-trapping of the light energy near the corresponding discontinuity of the index profile. Owing to the strong saturation of the material nonlinearity, the trapped beam propagates over long distances with only a weak loss of its power.     

波导型高功率微波输能窗的研究进展

波导型高功率微波输能窗是高功率速调管和高能粒子加速器的关键部件,输出窗高频击穿是引起高功率速调管失效的一个重要因素。综述了国内外电真空领域波导型输能窗的研究进展,介绍了传统盒型窗的研究现状、工艺要求和击穿机理;介绍了锥型窗、行波窗、复合模窗以及过模窗等新型输能窗的设计特点,给出了改变窗片材料属性、改变窗片表面形态、窗片边缘倒角、外置直流电场/直流磁场、改变信号波形等击穿抑制技术的研究进展。     

Dispersion relation for space-charge waves in a warm plasma-filled elliptical waveguide in an infinite axial magnetic field

A perfectly conducting elliptical cylinder filled with a warm plasma and immersed in an infinite axial magnetic field is considered. Using Maxwell’s equations and dielectric tensor, a Mathieu differential equation for axial component of electric field is obtained. Considering the boundary conditions, dispersion relation for waves in a plasma of warm electrons and immobile ions, which fills an elliptical waveguide and it is under the action of infinite axial magnetic field are calculated. Furthermore, dispersion relation and scalar potential in the quasi-static approximation in a cold magnetized plasma elliptical waveguide is calculated. The obtained results are graphically presented.     

Vacuum local and global electromagnetic self-energies for a point-like and an extended field source

We consider the electric and magnetic energy densities (or equivalently field fluctuations) in the space around a point-like field source in its ground state, after having subtracted the spatially uniform zero-point energy terms, and discuss the problem of their singular behavior at the source’s position. We show that the assumption of a point-like source leads, for a simple Hamiltonian model of the interaction of the source with the electromagnetic radiation field, to a divergence of the renormalized electric and magnetic energy density at the position of the source. We analyze in detail the mathematical structure of such a singularity in terms of a delta function and its derivatives. We also show that an appropriate consideration of these singular terms solves an apparent inconsistency between the total field energy and the space integral of its density. Thus the finite field energy stored in these singular terms gives an important contribution to the self-energy of the source. We then consider the case of an extended source, smeared out over a finite volume and described by an appropriate form factor. We show that in this case all divergences in local quantities such as the electric and the magnetic energy density, as well as any inconsistency between global and space-integrated local self-energies, disappear.     

Quantization of electromagnetic field in quadratic continuous nonlinear absorptive dielectrics

This paper reports that in the quantization of electromagnetic field in the dielectrics, the wave equation with regard to the Green function is analytically solved by a direct integral method for a quadratic continuous nonlinear absorptive dielectric medium. The quantization of the electromagnetic field in such a nonlinear absorptive dielectric is carried out for which the material dielectric function is assumed as a separable variable about the frequency and the space coordinate. The vacuum field fluctuations for different spatial continuous variations of dielectric function are numerically calculated, which shows that the present result is self-consistent.     

A general method for evaluating the current system and its magnetic field of a plane current sheet, uniform except for a certain area of different uniform conductivity, with results for a square area

Summary We derive a linear Fredholm integral equation of the second kind on an arbitrary closed plane contour which divides an infinite plane current sheet into two regions of different uniform integrated conductivities. This integral equation is satisfield along the above-described contour by a certain combination of the limiting values of the electric potential at both sides of the boundary. This electric potential is due to the currents created in the sheet when a uniform electric field is applied to it. The derived integral equation admits exact solutions in closed form for the cases of circular and elliptical insertions. These solutions are identical with those previously obtained, by other methods, for the same cases. A general method is given for the numerical solution of the integral equation. As an illustration, this method is applied to the case of a square insertion where we used the results of Ashour to obtain numerical estimation for the results of the additional magnetic field on and around the square insertion. To speed up publication, the proofs were not sent to the authors and were supervised by the Scientific Commettee.     

Improving breakdown voltage performance of SOI power device with folded drift region

A novel silicon-on-insulator(SOI) high breakdown voltage(BV) power device with interlaced dielectric trenches(IDT) and N/P pillars is proposed. In the studied structure, the drift region is folded by IDT embedded in the active layer,which results in an increase of length of ionization integral remarkably. The crowding phenomenon of electric field in the corner of IDT is relieved by the N/P pillars. Both traits improve two key factors of BV, the ionization integral length and electric field magnitude, and thus BV is significantly enhanced. The electric field in the dielectric layer is enhanced and a major portion of bias is borne by the oxide layer due to the accumulation of inverse charges(holes) at the corner of IDT.The average value of the lateral electric field of the proposed device reaches 60 V/μm with a 10 μm drift length, which increases by 200% in comparison to the conventional SOI LDMOS, resulting in a breakdown voltage of 607 V.     

Reciprocity in electrohydrodynamics

We consider a rigid body of arbitrary shape with a permanent charge distribution and a permanent dielectric profile immersed in a fluid with a frequency dependent dielectric constant. The body performs small oscillatory translational and rotational motions and the whole system is subjected to an applied electric field oscillating at the same frequency. The force and torque on the body and its external dipole moment are related by a resistance matrix to the translational and rotational velocity and the applied electric field. We show on the basis of the equations of linear electrohydrodynamics that the resistance matrix is symmetric. This may be regarded as an example of Onsager symmetry.     

Blumlein型脉冲调制器电容等参数的模拟与计算研究

 采用有限元方法,针对水介质Blumlein结构的Spark-03加速器进行了相关参数的计算。给出了准确的2维CAD模型,对各个部分做了介绍,计算出加速器内部电场分布;利用对电场能量积分的方法,当Blumlein传输线的内筒、中筒分别充电时,对传输线各个部分进行能量积分,给出了加速器各个部分电容的数值;将计算结果与理论值、实验结果相比较,证明了此方法可以更准确的计算加速器电容。应用此方法,可以对不同类型的电容储能型加速器进行参数的模拟计算。     

Polarized Spacetime Foam

An approximate model of a spacetime foam is presented. It is supposed that in the spacetime foam each quantum handle is like to an electric dipole and therefore the spacetime foam is similar to a dielectric. If we neglect of linear sizes of the quantum handle then it can be described with an operator containing a Grassman number and either a scalar or a spinor field. For both fields the Lagrangian is presented. For the scalar field it is the dilaton gravity + electrodynamics and the dilaton field is a dielectric permeability. The spherically symmetric solution in this case give us the screening of a bare electric charge surrounded by a polarized spacetime foam and the energy of the electric field becomes finite one. In the case of the spinor field the spherically symmetric solution give us a ball of the polarized spacetime foam filled with the confined electric field. It is shown that the full energy of the electric field in the ball can be very big.