Recent Advances in Two-dimensional Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

With the increased energy demand,developing renewable and clean energy technologies becomes more and more significant to mitigate climate warming and alleviate the environmental pollution.The key point is design and synthesis of low cost and efficient materials for a wide variety of electrochemical reactions.Over the past ten years,two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials that graphene represents have been paid much attention as a class of the most promising candidates for heterogeneous electrocatalysts in electrochemical storage and conversion.Their unique properties,such as good chemical stability,good flexibility,and good electronic properties,along with their nanosized thickness and large specific area,make them exhibit comprehensively good performances for energy storage and conversion.Here,we present an overview on the recent advances in electrochemical applications of graphene,graphdiyne,transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),and MXenes for supercapacitors(SCs),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).     

Recent advances of MXene as promising catalysts for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction

Electrochemical reduction of N_2,as an eco-friendly alternative,not only allows the use of protons in water as a source of hydrogen under mild conditions but also can be driven by renewable electric energy.The major challenge is to identify high-efficiency electrocatalysts.MXene is a new class of 2D transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides that have received significant attention in electrocatalysis.The investigations on MXene in electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation are rapidly proceeding,and some breakthroughs have emerged ve ry recently due to MXenes' satisfacto ry catalytic activity.Here,the recent progress concerning the MXene-based catalysts for electrochemical N_2 reduction reaction(NRR) is highlighted.In regards to giving guidelines for exploring more efficient MXene-based catalysts for the NRR,the fabrication and surface modification of MXene are discussed.Besides,the shortcomings and challenges of current research are summarized and the future research directions are prospected.     

2D MXenes Nanosheets for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage Devices: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Since the initial MXenes were discovered in 2011, several MXene compositions constructed using combinations of various transition metals have been developed. MXenes are ideal candidates for different applications in energy conversion and storage, because of their unique and interesting characteristics, which included good electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and simplicity of large-scale synthesis. Herein, we study the current developments in two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets for energy storage and conversion technologies. First, we discuss the introduction to energy storage and conversion devices. Later, we emphasized on 2D MXenes and some specific properties of MXenes. Subsequently, research advances in MXene-based electrode materials for energy storage such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries is summarized. We provide the relevant energy storage processes, common challenges, and potential approaches to an acceptable solution for 2D MXene-based energy storage. In addition, recent advances for MXenes used in energy conversion devices like solar cells, fuel cells and catalysis is also summarized. Finally, the future prospective of growing MXene-based energy conversion and storage are highlighted.     

CdS量子点的一步法合成及量子产率

以油酸为配体,十八烯为溶剂,采用一步法合成了CdS量子点,研究了反应温度、反应时间和Cd/S的摩尔比对量子点光谱性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)测试结果表明,所获得的CdS量子点为立方闪锌矿结构,且尺寸分布均一,结晶度高,其较强的带边发光、尖锐的紫外吸收峰以及狭窄的荧光发射峰进一步表明量子...     

量子点人工光合成化学转换研究进展

利用半导体量子点为光催化剂通过人工光合成的方式把H2O或CO2转化为H2或CO从而获得氢气或其他太阳能燃料,被认为是解决能源和环境危机的有效途径.量子点由于其独特的光物理和光化学性质(如优异的吸光能力、可调的能带结构、多激子生成、表面丰富的活性位点等)在人工光合成化学转换领域受到了广泛的关注.本文总结了近年来作者团队在...     

Electrochemistry in Carbon‐based Quantum Dots

Electrochemistry belongs to an important branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical changes produced by electricity and the production of electricity by chemical changes. Therefore, it can not only act a powerful tool for materials synthesis, but also offer an effective platform for sensing and catalysis. As extraordinary zero‐dimensional materials, carbon‐based quantum dots (CQDs) have been attracting tremendous attention due to their excellent properties such as good chemical stability, environmental friendliness, nontoxicity and abundant resources. Compared with the traditional methods for the preparation of CQDs, electrochemical (EC) methods offer advantages of simple instrumentation, mild reaction conditions, low cost and mass production. In return, CQDs could provide cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, biocompatible, stable and easily‐functionalizable probes, modifiers and catalysts for EC sensing. However, no specific review has been presented to systematically summarize both aspects until now. In this review, the EC preparation methods of CQDs are critically discussed focusing on CQDs. We further emphasize the applications of CQDs in EC sensors, electrocatalysis, biofuel cells and EC flexible devices. This review will further the experimental and theoretical understanding of the challenges and future prospective in this field, open new directions on exploring new advanced CQDs in EC to meet the high demands in diverse applications.     

纳米碳点的制备与应用研究进展

纳米碳点是碳纳米材料家族的新成员,近年来在国内外受到广泛关注。与传统的荧光染料和半导体量子点发光材料相比,碳点不仅具有优异的光学性能及尺寸效应,且具有制备成本低廉、生物相容性好、易于官能化、能带结构可调等优势。本文在理清有关碳点概念的基础之上,介绍了碳点结构特征和制备策略,着重综述了纳米碳点在生物成像与诊疗、传感器件、催化、光电器件和能量存储领域的最新研究进展,探讨了碳点研究目前存在的问题及未来的发展方向。     

溶液环境中CdSeS量子点与金纳米颗粒相互作用

选用不同发射波长的合金型CdSeS量子点(QDs), 研究溶液状态下量子点和金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)相互作用及离子强度、pH值、距离等诸多因素对相互作用的影响, 在此基础上对相互作用的机理进行了分析. 在溶液状态下, 金纳米颗粒可以高效地淬灭量子点, Stern-Volmer 淬灭常数K_sv值在108 L·mol^-1数量级. 这种淬灭效应与距离、光谱之间叠合程度等密切相关, 受溶液极性、离子强度、pH值的影响较小. 金纳米颗粒与量子点相互作用的机理较为复杂, 以能量转移为主. 研究结果对设计更高效的生物传感器及更全面认识金纳米颗粒与量子点相互作用的机理具有重要意义.     

Electrocatalytic Behavior of Manganese and Cobalt Porphyrins Attached to Graphene Quantum Dots: Applied in the Oxidation of Hydrazine

Manganese and cobalt metalated 5, 10, 15-tris(aminophenyl)-20-(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrins (ClMnTA₃CPP and CoTA₃CPP) were synthesized and attached to graphene quantum dots (GQDs) via π-π interaction and electrostatic interaction. The electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine was performed via cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The CoTA₃CPP showed good electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of hydrazine in terms of catalytic rate constants and limits of detection (LoD). ClMnTA₃CPP showed lower overpotential 0.60 V. The introduction of GQDs improved the electrocatalytic ability when combined with CoTA₃CPP and ClMnTA₃CPP with the lowest LoD (0.0025 mM CoTA₃CPP–GQDs) followed by ClMnTA₃CPP–GQDs with 0.0033 mM.     

石墨烯基纤维储能器件的研究进展与展望

随着小型化、可穿戴等特征的智能电子以及物联网传感设备的发展,新型纤维状柔性化、小型化电化学储能器件已成为重要的研究方向。同时,对纤维材料和柔性储能器件的性能提出了更高的要求,如可任意弯折、可拉伸、可折叠、高储能密度等。石墨烯纤维具有独特的结构、优异的导电性、良好机械性能和电化学性质,已证明了是一种极具前景、高性能的新型纤维状柔性储能材料。目前,研究者已开发了多种石墨烯基纤维微观结构的调控策略来进一步改进其性能。本文首先系统总结了石墨烯基纤维的制备方法和其性能提升的策略,然后详细讨论其在柔性化纤维状超级电容器、金属离子电池、热电发电机、太阳能电池和相变材料等储能领域中的最新应用进展。最后,对石墨烯基纤维在能源存储和转换领域中存在的挑战和机会进行了展望。     

发光可调Au:ZnCdS合金量子点的水相合成

以巯基丙酸作为配体,在水溶液中合成了发光位置在495~583 nm可调的Au∶Zn Cd S合金量子点,研究了掺杂含量、Zn/Cd比和p H等对量子点光学性质的影响。对预提纯的Au∶Zn Cd S核量子点进行Zn S包覆,量子点表面的缺陷被有效去除,发光效率明显提高。利用X-射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜对其结构和形貌进行了表征。     

MXene的制备及其复合材料在能源光催化领域的应用进展

MXene作为一种拥有层状结构的二维材料,具有良好的吸附催化性能、较宽的光吸收范围、高导热性、高硬度、高熔点、高导电性以及大比表面积等物理和化学特性,在储能、催化、润滑、抗菌、电磁屏蔽等领域有着较高应用价值。本文着重介绍了由前驱体MAX相获得MXene的制备方法,综述了MXene复合材料在光催化固氮、析氢、CO₂还原等能源光催化领域的应用进展。     

二维金属纳米材料的合成及电催化应用的研究进展

基于各种电化学过程的能源转化技术是未来可持续能源利用和发展的关键, 而催化剂在其中扮演着非常重要的角色. 二维金属纳米材料因其独特的物理化学性质在许多电催化反应中都展现出巨大的应用潜力, 也因此受到了广泛关注. 本文介绍了二维金属纳米材料的常见合成方法与策略, 并综合评述了近年来该类材料在电催化应用领域中的研究进展, 重点探讨了材料的组分和微观结构等因素对其性能的影响机理, 最后对二维金属纳米材料目前所面临的挑战以及未来的研究方向进行了总结与展望.     

近红外量子点的研究进展

量子点具有优异的光学性能及丰富的表面化学性质,在生物医学分析领域具有较好应用前景。近红外窗口生物成像所具有的背景干扰小、穿透深度大等特点,使得近红外量子点在生物成像应用中更具优势。本文介绍了近红外量子点从早期含Cd、含Pb量子点到近年来新型无Cd、无Pb量子点的发展历程,以及其在生物医学成像领域的应用,着重介绍了新型低毒性近红外量子点的研究进展。     

荧光光谱法研究纳米二氧化钛光催化降解核壳型CdSe/ZnS量子点

在光诱导条件下,利用纳米二氧化钛(P25)对荧光物质核壳型CdSe/ZnS量子点进行光催化降解实验,通过荧光光谱法与传统分光光度法对比研究,测定降解液的吸光度来进行分析与评价降解率,从而判断降解程度和效率.光催化降解结果表明:对荧光物质CdSe/ZnS量子点的荧光淬灭程度(F/F0)与反应时间(t)呈线性关系,符合CdSe/ZnS量子点光催化降解动力学拟合方程,证明了荧光光谱法与传统吸光光度检测结果的一致性.建立了一种高效灵敏检测光催化降解荧光物质方法,有助于分析荧光物质的光催化降解机理,为光催化降解其它荧光物质的相关研究提供参考.     

量子点及其合成研究中的常用表征技术简介

简单介绍了新型荧光材料量子点（QDs）的合成和应用,并对在QDs的表征中使用的分析技术及仪器（常用的技术和仪器有透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、紫外-可见光分光光度仪、荧光分光光度仪、红外分光光度仪等）所能获得的QDs结构、粒径大小和分布、荧光量子产率和表面修饰结果等方面信息进行了重点介绍。     

新型低毒AgInS2量子点的制备和表征以及对肿瘤细胞的成像

在水相中快速合成AgInS2( AIS)量子点,并对其紫外-可见吸收光谱及荧光发射光谱进行了表征,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪分析了其元素组成,采用高分辨透射电镜观察其形貌与分布,并验证了它相对于传统的CdTe量子点在光稳定性和细胞毒性方面的优势。在AgInS2表面连接了叶酸实现了对肿瘤细胞的靶向成像。     

液相剥离法大规模制备锑烯量子点

本工作采用超声辅助液相剥离法制备锑烯量子点,研究了在180 W、10 h的超声工艺条件下,分别以H_2O、C_2H_5OH、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为剥离溶剂得到的样品形貌。以分散浓度及稳定性为标准,评估了三种溶剂在锑烯量子点制备中的优劣。结果表明,锑烯样品在NMP中分散浓度最高且最为稳定。透射电子显微镜(TEM)的结果显示,只有NMP中的样品在形貌上呈现出来的是量子点,而其他两种溶剂中得到的样品主要是锑烯纳米片,所以NMP是最适合锑烯量子点制备的溶剂。此外,我们还标定了以上三种溶剂中锑烯样品浓度与比浊度的标准曲线,从而可以通过比浊法方便地测定锑烯分散液的浓度。     

量子点在生物检测中的应用

过去十几年里,量子点从材料科学到生命科学、从基础研究到实际应用都开展了广泛的研究。 量子点在生物成像、光治疗、药物/基因转运、太阳能电池等领域均具有广泛的应用。 通过调节量子点的表面性质,实现量子点与细胞相互作用的可控性是一个关键的问题。 伴随着量子点潜在毒性问题的产生,纳米毒性成为纳米材料安全性评估的重要指标,并且受到科学家们的高度关注。 本文综述了量子点的特性、细胞生物学应用及在生物医药领域相关的细胞毒性研究,并展望了量子点的未来发展趋势。     

Facile Fabrication of Bi24O31Br10 Nanosheets with Phosphorus Sulfide Quantum Dots for Highly Photocatalytic Treating Organic Dyes

Herein, we report the synthesis of novel narrow band gap phosphorus sulfide quantum dots (PSQDs)-modified bismuth oxybromide (Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀) heterojunction (noted as BOB/PS) for the highly efficient photo-degradation of hazardous organic pollutants including rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO), and malachite green (MG). Such a high photocatalytic activity of BOB/PSQDs heterojunction derives from the improved visible-light response capacity, high surface area/pore volume, and suitable band structure for efficient electron transfer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS trapping experiments demonstrate that hydroxy (⋅OH) and superoxide radicals (⋅O₂⁻) play important roles in the photo-degradation. A possible S-scheme mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of BOB/PS is proposed.