含间隔层的增益导引-折射率反导引平面波导激光器中高阶模式抑制研究

为了抑制高功率波导激光器中的高阶模式,改善其光束质量,基于增益导引-折射率反导引理论,在对称分层波导结构中添加了一层间隔层,进一步加大了高阶模式与基模之间阈值增益系数的差异,利用这种模式竞争抑制高阶模式.同时从波动方程出发,推导出各模式的本征方程,并给出了基模和高阶模的场分布.引入间隔层之后的高低阶模式损耗计算结果表明,通过合理地选择间隔层参数,可以有效地抑制高阶模式.     

腔体双边二次电子倍增一阶与三阶模式瞬态特性对比

为评估高阶模式二次电子倍增对加速器射频腔动态建场过程的影响,采用蒙特卡罗与粒子模拟相结合的方法对金属无氧铜腔体双边二次电子倍增一阶与三阶模式的瞬态演化及饱和特性进行了数值模拟对比研究.研究结果表明:二次电子倍增过程中,二次电子数目、放电电流、放电功率、沉积功率随时间呈现以指数形式快速增长后趋于饱和振荡的物理规律;相对一阶模式,三阶模式的饱和值更低且上升时间更长.放电电流存在延时现象,由此引发了二次电子倍增过程中部分充电现象的出现.统计发现平均放电功率等于平均沉积功率,三阶模式的放电功率大约是一阶模式1%的水平,由此判断加速器腔体动态建场过程中高阶模式的影响较小.二次电子倍增过程中,一阶模式呈现单电子束团加速运动特性,而三阶模式则呈现加速/减速/加速及多电子束团相向运动的复杂特性;二次电子倍增进入饱和后,三阶模式的空间电荷效应明显弱于一阶模式.     

L波段高阶模抑制型磁绝缘线振荡器研究

根据磁绝缘线振荡器(magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator, MILO)中基模(TM₀₀模)与临近高阶模(HEM₁₁模)高频场分布的区别,采用破坏各腔之间HEM₁₁模π 模谐振条件的方式抑制器件中高阶模产生的方法,提出了高阶模抑制型MILO. 运用三维全电磁粒子模拟软件对高阶模抑制型L波段MILO器件进行模拟研究, 数值模拟结果表面该方法能够抑制器件中HEM₁₁模的产生.在此基础上对器件进行了对比性实验研究, 实验结果表明高阶模抑制型器件能够抑制HEM₁₁模的产生,稳定工作在基模.     

An oscillator using high order Lamb wave modes

An oscillator using high order Lamb wave modes is presented. Due to the multimode property of Lamb waves, high frequency oscillators using high order mode Lamb waves can be fabricated. To select the operating mode of the Lamb wave oscillator, a high order mode selector is inserted into the feedback loop. An oscillator using the 13th antisymmetric mode (a₁₃) in Lamb wave is achieved in experiments and the oscillating frequency is 5.30 times higher than that of the a₀ mode excited by the interdigital transducer.     

Shear magnetoelastic modes in a ferromagnetic cylinder

Features of the mode spectrum of shear magnetoelastic waves circulating along the boundary of a ferromagnetic cylinder are discussed in the nonexchange magnetostatic approximation. Depending on the level of the spin-phonon coupling in the crystal and on the frequency, the lowest order normal mode may be either fast or slow relative to the bulk shear wave in an infinite crystal. It is shown that, unlike the lowest order mode, the higher order modes, which primarily depend on the curvature of the boundary, demonstrate a weak nonreciprocity of propagation in directions with opposite azimuths. Conditions for the slow propagation of the lowest order mode, when it is identified with a surface magnetoelastic wave, are only possible sufficiently far away from the cutoff frequency of the mode spectrum in ferromagnetic cylinders with a strong spin-phonon coupling and a small curvature of the boundary.     

电感电流伪连续模式下Boost变换器的分数阶建模与分析

基于电感和电容本质上是分数阶的事实,采用分数阶微积分理论建立了电感电流伪连续模式下Boost变换器的区间分数阶数学模型.依据状态平均建模方法,建立了Boost变换器工作于电感电流伪连续模式下的分数阶状态平均模型.通过所建的分数阶数学模型对其电感电流和输出电压进行了理论分析以及传递函数的推导,并比较了与整数阶数学模型的区别.根据改进的Oustaloup分数阶微积分滤波器近似算法,采用电感和电容的等效分数阶电路模型,在Matlab/Simulink的仿真环境下,对其数学模型和电路模型进行了仿真对比,分析了模型误差产生的原因,验证了所建的分数阶数学模型以及对其理论分析的正确性.最后,指出了分数阶Boost变换器工作于电感电流伪连续模式与连续模式、断续模式的区别与联系.     

kW级功率驱动的锁相高功率微波发生器

针对kW级微波驱动的锁相GW高功率微波,设计了一个高增益(大于50 dB)四腔相对论速调管放大器(RKA)。模拟表明,在此条件下高次模振荡严重影响器件的锁相实现。由此,将RKA结构与正反馈振荡电路结合起来,建立相应的等效电路来研究这种高次模激励的物理过程(即高次模的激励与中间腔之间耦合强度的相关性)。在高次模振荡的等效电路(即正反馈振荡电路)中,用衰减电阻代替结构中的微波吸收层来研究高次模振荡的抑制机理,衰减电阻通过对反馈过程的控制,提高了电路的自激振荡起振电流。在结构上按照衰减电阻要求设计了微波吸收层,将高次模振荡的起振电流提高到大于器件的工作电流,实现了高增益(约60 dB)条件下高次模激励的抑制。模拟获得了4 kW微波功率驱动的2.3 GW锁相高功率微波,增益接近60 dB。在LTD加速器平台的实验结果表明:注入微波由固态RF种子源提供(功率10 kW),输出功率达到1.8 GW,增益为52.6 dB,90 ns内输入和输出微波的相对相位差小于±10°,实验上实现了kW级注入微波对GW高功率微波的相位锁定。     

Characteristics of the transmission spectrum of the long period fiber gratings based on the coupling of core mode to the higher order cladding modes

The characteristics of the transmission spectrum of the Long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) based on the coupling of core mode to a higher order cladding mode (HE mode) are investigated using the coupled mode theory. This kind of LPFGs is different from that based on the coupling of core mode to a lower order cladding mode because of the effect of the coupling of core mode to EH cladding mode. When the cladding mode order is higher, the coupling coefficients of core mode to HE and EH cladding modes are comparable and both of the propagation constants of HE and EH cladding modes approach, so the spectrum has an additional loss peak. The bandwidth of LPFG based on the coupling of core mode to different cladding mode differs greatly. With the change of the mode orders from lower to higher, the transmission spectrum changes from narrow to wide and more narrow.     

长周期光纤光栅(LPFGs)的谱结构研究

利用相位匹配条件,从理论和实验上研究了均匀LPFGs的谱结构特点.结果表明,导模和不同包层模耦合产生的光谱特性有很大差别.在模序较小时,谱宽较小;模序增加,谱宽也增加;在某一模序附近,谱宽达到最大;以后随模序增加,谱宽迅速减小.给出了LPFGs中透射谱的最大损耗率及3 dB带宽与包层模序、光栅周期、耦合系数和栅长的关系.这些关系对设计满足特定最大损耗率和带宽的带阻滤波器或增益均衡器提供一种理论参考.选用不同的包层模、耦合系数和栅长,可以设计出谱宽很大或很小的LPFGs.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Linear (in oscillation dimensionless amplitude) interaction between the modes of a nonspherical charged drop in an external electrostatic field

The stability of a heavily charged drop in a weak uniform electrostatic field (in which the equilibrium shape of the drop can be represented by a prolate spheroid) is calculated in the fourth order of smallness in the eccentricity of the spheroidal drop and in the first order of smallness in the drop oscillation dimensionless amplitude. It is found that as the order of approximation in eccentricity grows, so does the number of modes interacting with the initially excited mode. In the given order of smallness, the preferred (initially excited) mode is shown to interact with the nearest eight modes. The drop becomes unstable if such is the second mode.     

Guided modes in slab waveguides with a left handed material cover or substrate

We study guided modes propagating along a dielectric slab waveguide with a left handed material (LHM) cover or substrate. The dispersion relation is derived by using normalized waveguide parameters. An analytical method is then proposed to calculate the universal dispersion curves. Different from a slab waveguide with a LHM core, we find that guidance properties are strongly dependent on dielectric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ of the substrate and cover layers. For oscillating guided modes, fundamental zero order mode is not always absence, sometimes it exists in a restricted range of normalized propagation constant. First order mode behaves as other higher order modes and exists up to infinite high frequency. Higher order modes have no double degeneracy in the case of LHM cover layer. For surface guided modes, the existence and the type of the mode solutions with respect to different parameters are classified systematically and discussed in detail. Unlike a slab waveguide with a LHM core where the dispersion curve of TE₁ surface mode continues with that of oscillating TE₁ mode, the dispersion curve of TE₁ surface mode continues with that of oscillating TE₀ mode. It seems that the two different kinds of modes compensate each other to form one whole mode. Both TE and TM guided modes are discussed.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Mode conversion in quadratic nonlinear crystals

We propose a novel all-optical, nonlinear mode-conversion scheme based on cascaded three-wave-mixing phase-matched interactions in quadratic nonlinear crystals. We demonstrate the method experimentally by performing all-optical mode conversion of an input 1636 nm Hermite-Gaussian mode from the zeroth order to the first order using two periodically poled LiNbO(3) crystals. Nonlinear mode conversion of an input beam into a higher order, orthogonally polarized output beam can be realized using only one quasiperiodic nonlinear structure. Moreover, it can be enhanced for conversion of complex modes, e.g., Laguerre-Gaussian or Bessel modes.     

透明导电薄膜ITO对浅面浮雕VCSEL的影响

对于顶面出光的浅面浮雕VCSEL结构,有源区的电流密度分布的不均性制约着单模稳定性的提高。为此,提出了一种新型结构:氧化铟锡透明导电薄膜(ITO)浅面浮雕VCSEL。该结构不仅能够增大高阶模式的阈值增益,还能够提高基模的增益,实现基模对高阶模式的稳定抑制。研究了ITO的厚度对阈值增益的影响及ITO对VCSEL有源区电流密度分布的影响。研究结果表明:在ITO的厚度为半波长的整数倍时,基模对高阶模式的限制作用最强;ITO通过改善VCSEL有源区的电流密度分布,达到了增大基模的增益和降低高阶模式增益的目的,同时还降低了串联电阻和外电压。     

多模辐射场的广义非线性不等阶高阶压缩的一般理论

本文建立了多模辐射场的广义非线性不等阶高阶压缩的一般理论。首次提出了多模辐射场中各模压缩阶数不相等的N_j次方Y压缩、N_j次方H压缩以及N_j次方X压缩的一般性定义,并对N_j-Y最小测不准态、N_j-Y压缩最小测不准态、N_j-H最小测不准态、N_j-H压缩最小测不准态以及N_j-X最小测不准态和N_j-X压缩最小测不准态等进行了详细讨论。指出,Zhang等人在国际上提出的有关单模辐射场的振幅N次方压缩的定义、Mark Hilery在国际上提出的有关双模辐射场的“双模和压缩”与“双模差压缩”的定义以及由笔者新近提出的有关多模辐射场的N次方Y压缩、N次方H压缩和N次方X压缩等的定义,仅仅只是本文所提出的N_j次方Y压缩、N_j次方H压缩以及N_j次方X压缩等的一般性定义在各种不同条件下的特例.     

Comparison and selection of junction modes in waveguide circulators at millimeter waves U-, V-, E-band

Conclusion Millimeter wave U-, V-, E-band is a transition region of the frequencies for currently available ferrite materials. In this frequencies region, C_5-V mode can not provide satisfied performance of isolation and bandwidth, and C_V-S mode and higher order mode have respective advantage. C_V-S mode is narrow band but insertion loss is low, higher order mode can provide broadband performance in som extant but insertion loss increases. They should be selected according to the requirement of designs.     

电感电流伪连续模式下分数阶Boost变换器的非线性控制

基于电容和电感都是分数阶的事实,采用分数阶微积分理论,建立了电感电流伪连续模式下Boost变换器的分数阶状态空间平均模型.针对其分数阶模型具有仿射非线性系统的特点,根据分数阶的类Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了适用于分数阶电感电流伪连续模式下Boost变换器的一种分数阶非线性控制器.依据分抗链及改进的Oustaloup分数阶近似算法,得到了分数阶电感和电容的等效电路模型,用Matlab/Simulink软件对所设计的控制器进行了仿真验证.结果表明:所设计的分数阶非线性控制器对分数阶电感电流伪连续模式下的Boost变换器的动态和稳态性能有显著的提高,并且在输入电压和负载大幅度波动的情况下,仍然能够确保系统具有良好的稳定性和动态性能.     

非对称金属包覆左手介质平板波导的微扰分析

基于微扰方法分析非对称金属包覆左手介质平板波导的特性,给出了该波导的复有效折射率的一级近似解,并对波导的传输特性和损耗特性进行了数值模拟.结果表明：非对称金属包覆左手介质平板波导没有零阶模式|TE1模传播系数随波导厚度的增加迅速减小,损耗系数随波导厚度的增加快速增加,达到最大值后又迅速减小|非对称金属包覆左手介质平板波导传输特性相对于左手介质三层平板波导传输特性发生了很大改变,TM1模,TM2和 TE2模式以及更高阶模式在截止厚度附近出现双值现象|特别在二阶及高阶模式中,TE模式相对于TM模式具有高传输低损耗的特性,而以右手介质为芯层的金属包覆波导不具有这一特性.     

基于宽度可调节的线缺陷平板型光子晶体的空气槽微腔

研究了一种空气槽光子晶体微腔,这种腔是由在平板型光子晶体上引入一条宽度可以调节的线缺陷空气槽形成的.腔模的电场被强烈局限在空气槽中,由于介电常量的不连续性,电场得到很大的提高,同时模体积被大大地降低.数值模拟与分析了微腔的能带结构和场分布,考虑到腔模的谐振频率和对称性,发现一阶偶膜同时具有较高的品质因子和较小的模体积;应用有限时域差分法,得到腔模的品质因子可以高达10⁶,模体积仅为0.02(λ/n)³.计算了一阶偶模谐振波长随空气槽宽度以及空气孔半径的变化,发现随着宽度的增加,波长越来越短.而随着空气孔半径的增加,波长近似线性地减小;当空气孔半径为170 nm时,可以获得最高的腔品质因子.