一种小型球形宽带发射换能器

设计了一种小型球形宽带发射换能器,换能器由正六面体基座、六个压电晶堆和弧形辐射面组成,是一种球形空间对称结构。球形设计使得换能器内部结构紧凑,而且在体积一定的情况下具有最佳的辐射阻,是一种高效的小型大功率无指向性声源。采用有限元方法对换能器进行了优化设计并研制了换能器样品。水池测试结果表明,该换能器样品的工作带宽为2.6 k Hz～5.2 k Hz,最大声源级达到200 d B以上,电声效率50%左右,优质因子FOMm达到36 W/k Hz·kg。     

宽带宽波束纵向水声换能器研究

本文通过设计纵向水声换能器辐射头的形状及利用其弯曲振动模,实现宽带宽波束辐射特性,采用后质量块的嵌套结构有效缩小了换能器的长度。利用ANSYS有限元软件模拟了小型宽带宽波束纵向水声换能器的电声特性。研制了换能器样品,实现了与有限元模拟计算结果相一致的电声参数:谐振频率14kHz,最大发射电压响应141．9dB,-3dB带宽为11．3～18．7kHz,-3dB带通Q值为1．9,在14kHz频率下波束宽度为132°,比通常纵向换能器波束宽度宽23％。     

A new design on broadband flextensional transducer

The new flextensional transducer presented is driven by a tube stacked by longitudinally polarized piezoelectric ceramic rings. The rings are compressed between two annulus steel end plates which are coupled by a dual convex aluminum shell with slotted gaps. The transducer is a free-flooded design with the interior of the tube open to the surrounding water. Three main vibrating modes including the cavity, the longitudinal and the radial can be utilized by appropriately coupling design to broaden the working bandwidth. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The results confirm the three vibrating modes mentioned above and the broad band of transmitting voltage response is gained successfully with difference less than 10 dB from 2200 Hz to 9000 Hz.     

压电管堆式宽带换能器*

研究了一种具有管状叠堆结构的圆管换能器,其敏感元件是由纵向极化压电陶瓷单元组成的薄壁管状压电叠堆,探讨利用管状叠堆纵向和径向振动耦合实现宽带发射。利用压电柱壳振动理论推导了管堆的频率方程,分析了换能器的纵向和径向模态的振动耦合特性。在理论分析的基础上利用有限元方法对换能器的带宽和发射电压响应进行优化并研制换能器样机。测试结果表明,纵向极化的管状压电叠堆结构具有良好的发射电压响应和宽带特性,与理论及仿真结果相符。     

Multi-resonant broadband Janus-Ring transducer

A Janus-Ring(JR) transducer with two piezoelectric rings placed around a Janus driver is presented.The rings have radial vibration,whereas the Janus has longitudinal vibration,and a resonance of Helmholtz cavity is observed between them.By joining the three resonances,the working frequency bandwidth of the transducer is prominently widened.After simulation using finite element method,a prototype is finally fabricated and tested.Results show that in the working frequency of 1.8 to 8.0 kHz,the max...     

多谐振宽带Janus-Ring换能器

提出了一种多谐振宽带Janus-Ring换能器,两个一定距离的压电圆环换能器(Ring换能器)嵌套在双面纵振Janus换能器的两端,Ring换能器的径向振动、Janus换能器的纵振动与它们中间形成的Helmholtz液腔振动相耦合,可大大拓展换能器的工作带宽。使用有限元方法设计并研制了Janus-Ring换能器样机,经测试在1.8~8.0 kHz范围内,样机最大发射电压响应144 dB,起伏小于6 dB。相比传统的Janus-Helmholtz换能器,Janus-Ring换能器有效拓展了工作频带,增大了发射电压响应,减小了频带内的发射电压响应起伏。     

高频宽带嵌套式复合材料换能器

研制了一种嵌套式高频宽带复合材料换能器,利用1-3型压电复合材料Q值较低、频带较宽的特点,采用组合式的结构拓展换能器的工作带宽。通过切割框型压电陶瓷、灌注环氧树脂得到压电复合材料框型敏感元件,再将不同厚度的框型敏感元件沿轴向嵌套从而制成多层嵌套的压电复合材料敏感元件。建立1-3型压电复合材料中压电小柱的等效电路,根据等效电路计算出压电小柱的谐振频率,并与1-3型压电复合材料的谐振频率理论计算结果进行对比。通过ANSYS软件对敏感元件结构进行仿真,并根据仿真结果确定了敏感元件的最佳设计方案。最终制作出的换能器进行水下测试,该换能器的谐振频率为310 kHz,最大发送电压响应为188.5 dB,-3 d B带宽可达130 kHz,接收灵敏度最大可达-186.8 dB,-3 dB带宽可达90 kHz,谐振频率处-3 d B的指向性开角约为2.4°。该嵌套式敏感元件可实现换能器宽带发射与接收声波的目标。     

双激励纵弯耦合宽带复合棒水声换能器

为研究进一步拓宽双激励复合棒水声换能器的工作带宽方法。利用等效电路法和有限元方法研究了双激励换能器的振动模态,分析了中间质量块的材料、长度对换能器发射电压响应的影响,提出结合较低工作频段的纵向振动和较高工作频段的纵向振动与径向振动耦合引起的弯曲振动进一步展宽带工作频带的方法。根据优化参数后的仿真模型制作的样品工作频带为14 kHz～47 kHz。采用这种纵弯振动模态耦合的方法可以有效拓宽双激励宽复合棒换能器的工作带宽。     

低频宽带大功率“星型”柱面发射换能器

提出一种具有水平无指向性、低频、宽带、大功率特点的新结构换能器——“星型”柱面发射换能器,换能器由共享后质量块的6个复合棒换能器按“星型”方式组成柱面结构。采用有限元方法对换能器进行了分析设计并制作了换能器样机。在1—10 kHz内,换能器有3个主要工作模态,前两阶工作模态对换能器工作带宽的展宽有贡献,第三阶模态显示出较强的指向性,水池测试换能器具有1倍频程的工作带宽,最大声源级为199.1 dB。有限元模拟结果和实验结果符合较好。研究结果表明,新结构换能器在满足水平无指向性的前提下,利用复合棒的纵振及辐射面的弯曲振动实现了低频、宽带、大功率的要求,提供了一种设计该特性换能器的新思路。     

双椭圆壳串联宽带弯张换能器

提出一种利用多模态耦合的低频、宽带、大功率的新型弯张换能器,其结构上将两椭圆的Ⅳ型弯张壳体沿长轴方向串联为一体,两组长压电陶瓷堆贯穿其中驱动。利用有限元软件设计并制作一款此新型换能器的样机,其工作频带通过耦合壳体前三阶弯曲模态及压电陶瓷堆纵振模态与壳体膜模态的复合模态展宽。经测试在1.4~6.0 kHz范围内,样机的发射电压响应大于128.5dB,声源级大于190dB。结果表明,此弯张换能器与只利用一阶弯曲模态的Ⅳ型弯张换能器相比不仅有更宽的工作带宽,还满足低频和大功率的声辐射要求。     

Performance of a low-frequency,multi-resonant broadband Tonpilz transducer

The underwater performance of a high-power multi-resonant Tonpilz transducer with a nearly flat frequency response and a power handling capability of 2 kW (peak) is reported here. A maximum transmitting voltage response (TVR) value of 156 dB re: 1 microPa/V at 1 m has been achieved at 3 kHz with a specially designed matching coil. A maximum receiving sensitivity (RS) of -164 dB re: 1 V/microPa at 3 kHz has been measured without using a matching coil. The horizontal half-power beam width of the transducer at 4 kHz is 101 degrees with a directivity index of 4 dB. This transmitter can be used for oceanographic applications such as subbottom profiling as well as long-range underwater communication.     

Analysis of characteristics of broadband matching for piezoelectric ceramic transducer

Characteristics of broadband matching for piezoelectric ceramic transducer are fully analyzed. It is stated that in the case of without an all pass function, good matching characteristics of maximum bandwidth and gain-bandwidth product are implied in the Butterworth matching theorem. If the parameterσ< .252, it is not helpful to add an all pass function to the circuit following the rule of minimizing center frequency and maximizing gain-bandwidth product.     

四边型弯张换能器特性研究及宽带设计

四边型弯张换能器通常工作带宽较窄,为了提高带宽性能,对四边型弯张换能器振动及辐射特性进行了研究,重点分析壳体结构参数对换能器发送电压响应的影响。根据分析结果提出了拓宽换能器工作带宽的方法,利用有限元软件进行了仿真计算并制作了四边型弯张换能器样机。测量得到在2.4~5 kHz的频率范围内,换能器的最大发送电压响应值达到140 dB,带内起伏4 dB,有限元仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好。研究结果表明设计的四边型弯张换能器不仅能够低频工作,并且可以在小尺寸下实现大功率发射,同时还具备宽带发射特性。     

Ultrasonic characterization of a fluid layer using a broadband transducer

A measurement method is proposed for the ultrasonic characterization of a fluid layer, corresponding to the resin transfer molding (RTM) manufacturing process. The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation of the silicone oil are measured in three samples having different viscosities. The measurement method is established on the basis of the attenuation of ultrasonic waves in fluids. A correction of the beam diffraction is implemented to improve measurement precision. A single element transducer with central frequency of 15 MHz is used. The tested fluids simulate the industrial resin used to manufacture composite materials. When injecting this resin, its viscosity increases until it reaches a critical state of polymerization. In this paper we focus on ultrasonic characterization of three fluids representing three intermediate cases of fluid resin during its injection before reaching the polymerization state.     

Study on the broadband tonpilz transducer with a single hole

To get a wide-band transducer, the piezoelectric sandwiched transducer with a frustum hole in its head piece is presented in this paper. The equivalent circuit is derived, and the expressions of the equivalent mass and the equivalent impedance of the transducer are obtained by using one-dimensional (1D) design theory. Moreover, the expressions of the mechanical quality factor and the frequency bandwidth are obtained and the transmitting voltage response of the transducer is calculated by using finite element method. The theoretical results show that the frequency bandwidth of the transducer with a hole is wider than that without a hole when their resonant frequencies are almost equal. The tested results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations.     

压电陶瓷换能器宽带匹配特性分析

对压电陶瓷换能器的宽带匹配特性作了全面的分析表明:在不添加全通函数情况,Butterworth匹配定理涵有最低中心频率最大带宽和最大增益带宽乘积的优良匹配特性;当参数σ<0.252时,在最低中心频率和最大增益带宽准则下,在电路中添加全通函数是无益的。     

基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器

本文提出了一种基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器,它主要由内金属圆环和外压电陶瓷复合材料圆环组成.首先利用Newnham串并联理论和均匀场理论推导了2-2型压电复合材料的等效参数;其次利用解析法得到了金属圆环和径向极化压电复合陶瓷圆环径向振动的机电等效电路;最后得到了换能器的六端机电等效电路,从而得到了换能器的频率方程.接着分析了换能器共振频率和反共振频率以及有效机电耦合系数与几何尺寸、两相体积占比的关系,采用仿真软件对新型换能器的径向振动进行了数值模拟.结果表明,利用解析法得到的共振频率和反共振频率与数值模拟结果吻合较好.此外,对换能器在水下的辐射声场进行了仿真研究,结果表明新型复合材料径向换能器相比传统纯陶瓷径向换能器,发射电压响应幅值更大,工作带宽提高接近一倍,声匹配更佳.     

Directional reception of broadband signals by means of ultrasonic transducer arrays

This paper presents a new approach to the theory and technique of ultrasonic transducer arrays, which makes it possible to obtain their directional beam patterns for receiving broadband acoustical signals.The general formulae were derived for the beam pattern of the array, and as an example the beam patterns of the end-fire array have been computed and plotted, for signals of different correlation function.For experimental verification of the theory the simple processor solution is proposed. This technique is based on spatial/temporal signal processing for beamforming of the directional response of an end-fire array.     

Estimation of some transducer parameters in a broadband piezoelectric transmitter by using an artificial intelligence technique

An estimation procedure to efficiently find approximate values of internal parameters in ultrasonic transducers intended for broadband operation would be a valuable tool to discover internal construction data. This information is necessary in the modelling and simulation of acoustic and electrical behaviour related to ultrasonic systems containing commercial transducers. There is not a general solution for this generic problem of parameter estimation in the case of broadband piezoelectric probes. In this paper, this general problem is briefly analysed for broadband conditions. The viability of application in this field of an artificial intelligence technique supported on the modelling of the transducer internal components is studied. A genetic algorithm (GA) procedure is presented and applied to the estimation of different parameters, related to two transducers which are working as pulsed transmitters. The efficiency of this GA technique is studied, considering the influence of the number and variation range of the estimated parameters. Estimation results are experimentally ratified.     

A tri-modal directional transducer

Acoustic transducers made from piezoelectric ceramic cylinders usually exploit the breathing or omnidirectional (omni) mode of vibration. However, with suitable voltage distribution, higher order extensional modes of the cylinder can be excited which produce directional radiation patterns. These modal radiation patterns can then be combined to synthesize desired beam patterns which may be steered by incrementing the excitation. This paper describes a model for the combined acoustic response of the extensional modes of vibration of a piezoelectric ceramic cylinder, a method of synthesizing a desired radiation pattern, and an experimental implementation of a directional transducer that uses these techniques. This tri-modal transducer is broadband and directional with a frequency independent beam pattern yet simple, small, and lightweight.