氢原子束在大气长程传输中自剥离效应研究

氢原子束在大气传输时,束流粒子与大气粒子碰撞电离形成的大气剥离效应,以及和大气剥离产生次级粒子碰撞电离形成的自剥离效应,是造成氢原子束能量损失的重要机制。考虑到自剥离效应成因复杂,虽然目前已有一些理论方面的研究结果,但对其发生机理和对束流损失效果尚未有实验或数值模拟方面的工作,因此,通过对自剥离效应的发生机理和对束流损失的影响进行分析,进一步完善了自剥离效应理论,在通过束流传输方程验证了粒子云网格-蒙特卡罗法对氢原子束大气传输仿真模拟适用的基础上,将仿真结果与自剥离理论进行了对比,验证了自剥离效应理论的适用性。模拟结果表明,自剥离效应是由束流被大气电离产生的带电次级粒子团在地磁场的影响不停地穿越束流导致的,且自剥离效应的强弱与原子束的密度有关,束流密度越大,自剥离效应越强,对束流的影响越大。     

Anomalous acoustoelectric effect in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films

We have studied the acoustoelectric (AE) effect produced by surface acoustic waves (SAW) in a monolithic layered structure, composed of a piezodielectric LiNbO3 substrate and a La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 film. The experiments unexpectedly revealed in the longitudinal AE effect an anomalous contribution, invariant upon reversal of SAW propagation, which coexists with the ordinary (odd in wave vector) effect. The anomalous effect dominates near the metal-insulator transition, while the ordinary effect prevails at high and low temperatures. We show that the anomalous effect is caused by strong modulation of the film conductivity produced by the SAW elastic deformations.     

Orbital Precession Effect in the Reissner-Nordström Field with a Global Monopole

Using an elegant mathematical method advanced by us, we calculate the orbital precession effect in the gravitational field of the centre mass with electric charge and a global monopole. Analysing the results, we obtain that the orbital precession effect increases on account of the global symmetry breaking, but the orbital precession effect aroused by the electric charge of the field source reduces the orbital precession effect aroused by the mass of the field source. Generalizing the effect in the Schwarzschild field, we obtain interesting results by discussing the parameters of the celestial body, which provide a feasible experimental verification of the general relativity.     

薛定谔猫态的激发态

本文引入一类新的量子态,光子数添加藤定谔猫态,它由光场产生算符反复作用在薛定谔猫态上得到,并研究了在此态上表现出的压缩效应和反聚束效应.结果表明,添加光子数有助于光场出现反聚束效应,却使压缩效应受到抑制.     

Orientational gratings in dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystals induced by the photorefractive effect

We report the observation of orientational gratings induced by the photorefractive effect in dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. The photorefractive origin of the grating-induction effect is supported by the results of two-beam coupling experiments and by the possibility of erasing the grating by uniform illumination. For all the samples a stable memory effect was observed.     

Dynamic spin reorientation in orthoferrites irradiated by a laser pulse

A theory of dynamic spin reorientation in an antiferromagnet irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse has been developed taking into account both the nonthermal effect of the pulse due to the inverse Faraday effect and the thermal effect of the pulse. It has been shown that even a weak heating of the spin subsystem by the pulse can significantly enhance the reorientation effect. The possibility of applying this effect to increase the efficiency of the excitation of the spin oscillations has been considered.     

铁电马氏体中的电致形状记忆效应

与温度驱动形状记忆的缓慢响应及磁场驱动形状记忆的巨大体积相比较，电场驱动形状记忆具有响应快和体积小的优点。但是，基于传统反压电效应的电场驱动形状记忆由于变形量较小而收到限制。本研究表明，通过运用基于点缺陷短程序对称性遵循的普适性原理的可逆畴翻转机制，可以在铁电马氏体中获得巨大的电致形状记忆效应；其产生的变形量理论上是反压电效应所产生变形量的几十倍。采用原位畴观察实验给出了可逆畴翻转的直接证据。并且，在铁电多晶陶瓷中也获得了这种大的电致形状记忆效应。这种效应在很宽的频率范围内都很稳定，在疲劳测试中也显示了很好的可靠性。运用这一新的电致形状效应有望制备出新一代非线性驱动器材料。     

斜入射脉冲X射线产生电流实验

 针对斜入射脉冲X射线与金属的几种可能相互作用机制,设计了实验布局,测量了斜入射X射线在金属靶上产生的脉冲电流,建立了相应的理论模型。结果显示,当X射线入射强度低于10⁵ W/cm²时,以光电效应为主,高于此值时,以热电效应为主导。这表明,X射线加载强度较弱时,电子表现出个体行为,而增大X射线入射强度,电子表现出弱关联集体行为。由此可以预测,超强X射线辐照下,金属表面将出现宏观尺度的电荷密度调制,在退激发过程中,这种调制状态可能以较高的效率辐射定向的微波电磁脉冲。     

Hall effect in thin films of nickel-phosphorus

The Hall effect in nickel-phosphorus thin films prepared by oxydo-reduction in liquid phase, is greatly influenced by the phosphorus present in the deposit by an important effect in structure. The conductivity is electronic. The results are in agreement with the present theories of the Hall effect in ferromagnets.     

Combined effect of Aharonov-Bohm effect and uniaxial strain on quantum conductance oscillations of carbon nanotube resonators

Using the π orbital tight-binding model and the multi-channel Laudauer-Büttiker formula, the combined effect of Aharonov-Bohm effect (induced by an axial magnetic field) and uniaxial strain on quantum conductance oscillations of the electronic Fabry-Perot resonators composed of armchair and metallic zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been studied. It is found that, for the case of the armchair SWNT, conductance oscillations near the band gap are dominated by Aharonov-Bohm effect, while the conductance oscillations in other regions are dominated by the uniaxial strains. The combined effect of Aharonov-Bohm effect and uniaxial strains on quantum conductance oscillations is not obvious. But, for the case of the metallic zigzag SWNTs, obvious single-channel transport and one or two conductance oscillations existing in two different gate voltage ranges were found by the combined effect of uniaxial strain and axial magnetic field.     

共形转塔气动光学效应时空特性研究

研究了相同马赫数、相近雷诺数、不同口径(400 mm和2 000 mm)共形转塔的气动光学效应, 系统地给出了发射方向不同时气动光学效应导致的光束倾斜角和光束质量因子的时间变化特性、统计特性以及时间相关特性。发现多数场景下气动光学效应中平均流场效应占主要部分, 平均流场效应的特征频率由绕流流场的特征频率决定。尺寸效应的研究表明,缩比实验可以有效模拟实际飞行状态下气动光学效应的统计特性, 但无法准确模拟其时间相关特性。开展了前向发射时发射方向的优化选择, 指出发射方向在中轴线上天顶角约为40°时, 气动光学效应导致的波前畸变统计值和涨落值最小, 并且发射光束半径增加会导致平均流场效应快速增加, 但湍流效应基本不变。     

Modeling and analysis of car-following behavior considering backward-looking effect

The car-following behavior can be influenced by its driver’s backward-looking effect.Especially in traffic congestion,if vehicles adjust the headway by considering backward-looking effect,the stability of traffic flow can be enhanced.A model of car-following behavior considering backward-looking effect was built using visual information as a stimulus.The critical stability conditions were derived by linear and nonlinear stability analyses.The results of parameter sensitivity analysis indicate that the stability of traffic flow was enhanced by considering the backward-looking effect.The spatiotemporal evolution of traffic flow of different truck ratios and varying degrees of backward-looking effect was determined by numerical simulation.This study lays a foundation for exploring the complex feature of car-following behavior and making the intelligent network vehicles control rules more consistent with human driver habits.     

微波效应实验最小样本量估计分析

 为规范微波效应实验最小样本量,采用区间估计的统计推断方法,开展了样本作用概率与总体作用概率对应关系的分析和研究工作,对满足一定置信度和一定总体作用概率下所需要的最小样本量进行估计。研究结果表明,实验最小样本量确定为10是较为合理的。在80％的置信度下,当10支样本量样本作用概率达到70％时,总体作用概率置信下限约为51.6％。通过该方法能够将所获取的微波效应数据通过同一指标“总体作用概率置信下限”进行有效整理。     

金属型脉冲堆惯性效应计算

金属型脉冲堆的反应性负反馈主要来自燃料的热膨胀。当脉冲堆爆发短周期脉冲时,由于燃料的热膨胀不能及时响应温度的变化,致使负反馈滞后,产生惯性效应。采用ANSYS程序计算了在突然热加载条件下的振荡特性,同时采用随机中子输运程序计算了平均关闭系数,然后把带有振荡特性的热反馈带入点堆动力学方程,采用数值方法求解得到了考虑惯性效应的裂变脉冲波形。计算结果与Godiva实验测量结果一致。采用的数值方法中,脉冲周期与振荡效应存在定量关系。由计算结果可知,脉冲周期短,惯性效应明显;脉冲周期越长,惯性效应的影响越小,金属型脉冲堆爆发脉冲时应尽量避免短周期脉冲。     

实验研究射频辉光放电改善苎麻织物毛细效应的时效性

介绍射频辉光放电等离子体改善苎麻织物毛细效应的时效性的实验。分别在充入氩气、氮气、氧气的真空室中对苎麻织物进行射频辉光放电等离子体处理,在每一种处理过程中分别改变其处理时间、放电功率和真空室压强。测试了放置不同时间的经不同等离子体参数处理后的苎麻织物的毛细效应,得出各种参数的等离子体处理对苎麻织物毛细效应时效性的影响。实验结果表明,苎麻织物被等离子体离子体处理后毛细效应得到明显改善,其毛细效应随放置时间的变化为先快速下降,然后变缓,逐渐趋于稳定,这种毛细效应的改善具有良好的时效性,其中100W、40Pa的氧等离子体处理20分钟后的苎麻织物的毛细效应时效性最好。     

半导体热电效应演示实验优化

对半导体热电效应演示实验装置进行优化改进,使用大屏数字温度计显示Peltier效应的温度变化,通过声、光、电多种形式展示Seebeck效应的温差发电效果,优化后热电效应演示实验装置实验演示效果显著增强。     

Kapitza-Dirac效应的最新进展

自由电子束经光的驻波散射服从布拉格(Bragg)定律的设想由Kapitza和Dirac(KD)于1933年提出．这一效应在近70年以后的2001年经Batelaan等人用实验证实．近日，电子束的KD衍射的理论以中国物理学家为主用非微扰量子电动力学做出．新理论不但解释了Batelaan的实验，还预言了若干新现象．由于玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的发展及高科技领域的需要，原子和电子形成的物质波须由KD效应进行控制．巨大的应用前景正在使KD效应的研究由冷门变为热门．     

ʵ���о���Ƶ�Թ�ŵ��������֯��ëϸЧӦ��ʱЧ��

介绍射频辉光放电等离子体改善苎麻织物毛细效应的时效性的实验。分别在充入氩气、氮气、氧气的真空室中对苎麻织物进行射频辉光放电等离子体处理,在每一种处理过程中分别改变其处理时间、放电功率和真空室压强。测试了放置不同时间的经不同等离子体参数处理后的苎麻织物的毛细效应,得出各种参数的等离子体处理对苎麻织物毛细效应时效性的影响。实验结果表明,苎麻织物被等离子体离子体处理后毛细效应得到明显改善,其毛细效应随放置时间的变化为先快速下降,然后变缓,逐渐趋于稳定,这种毛细效应的改善具有良好的时效性,其中100W、40Pa的氧等离子体处理20分钟后的苎麻织物的毛细效应时效性最好。     

一般稳态时空中光子的轨道效应

计算了带有电荷和磁荷的旋转场源外部稳态时空中光子的轨道效应. 通过对计算结果的分析, 发现由荷电所引起的光子轨道偏转效应将减小由场源质量所引起的光子轨道偏转效应,但由场源的旋转所引起的相应偏转效应将依赖于场源的旋转方向与光子运动方向之间的夹角. 通过对相应的天体参数的讨论得到了一系列有意义的结果. 关键词： 光子轨道 引力效应 稳态时空     

线性聚焦和线性散焦效应对空间光孤子间相互作用的影响

考虑非均匀一维自聚焦介质的横向不均匀性,利用非线性薛定谔方程满足的守恒律给出了相邻空间孤子间隔的解析式,并对空间孤子之间的相互作用进行了数值模拟.结果表明,线形聚焦效应增强了空间孤子之间的相互作用;而线形散焦效应减弱了空间孤子之间的相互作用.当不考虑介质横向不均匀时,空间孤子之间发生周期性的碰撞.线性散焦效应使相邻空间孤子之间的间隔随传输距离发生周期性的变化,但孤子之间并不发生碰撞.线性聚焦效应使相邻空间孤子随传输距离发生周期性的碰撞,线性聚焦效应具有压制损耗使相邻空间孤子间隔变大的作用.