水溶液法制备CeF3纳米颗粒

氟化铈(CeF3)具有很高的离子电导率［1］和独特的光学特性［2］, 可用于制作化学传感器和光学元器件. CeF3还是良好的固体润滑剂［3］. 近年来的研究结果表明, 与氟化物粗晶材料相比, 纳米尺度的氟化物的性能有显著的提高， 因此, 其制备方法也很受关注. 目前, 制备氟化物纳米颗粒的方法有蒸发法［4］、 微乳液法［2, 5~8］、 水醇混合溶液法［3,9］和微波固相氧化还原合成法［10］等. 但是, 水溶液直接沉淀法作为一种操作简单, 成本低, 适合批量生产的制备方法尚未见用于制备纳米CeF3颗粒.     

混合表面活性剂体系聚苯乙烯/Fe3O4复合纳米粒子的制备

在TritonX-100/十二烷基苯磺酸钠混合表面活性剂体系中，制得核-壳型结构的聚苯乙烯/Fe₃O₄复合纳米粒子。通过X-射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱测定表明，复合纳米粒子结构组成以Fe₃O₄为核_，聚苯乙烯为壳，证明聚苯乙烯在Fe₃O₄纳米粒子上的包覆是成功的。电子显微镜观察结果表明：Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的粒径约10 nm，聚苯乙烯/Fe₃O₄复合纳米粒子的粒径为25-35 nm。     

Influence of Gemini Surfactant with Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Interfacial Tension of Oil/Water

The research on the impacts of modified TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) on interfacial tension (IFT) is in its infancy. Our work focuses on the IFT of the modified TiO₂ and Gemini surfactant N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-N,N′-dimyristyl-1,2-ethane diammonium dichlone (YND1233) complex solutions for reservoir stimulation purposes. The factors of YND1233, modified TiO₂ NPs, temperature, aging stability, adsorption loss, and mineralized degree were explored with the comparison of unmodified TiO₂ NPs and YND1233 as contrast samples. The results indicate that the dynamic IFTs decrease and then increase with the concentrations of YND1233 and modified TiO₂ NPs, and the minimum IFT appears at 0.200 and 0.010 wt%, respectively. YND1233/modified TiO₂ complex solutions show lower and more stable IFTs, better temperature resistance, longer aging time, and lower adsorption on the surface of quartz sand. The modified TiO₂ NPs and YND1233 in the YND1233/modified TiO₂ complex solution can be adsorbed to the interface and decrease the IFTs through synergistic effect. A mixed diffusion-kinetic mechanism is provided for the adsorption and interactions with Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ involved in YND1233/modified TiO₂ complex solution.     

聚偏氟乙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯油水分离膜的研究

使用四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAH)液相本体改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)接枝到改性PVDF骨架上,合成聚偏氟乙烯接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PVDF-gPMMA)共聚物,通过浸没沉淀法制备PVDF-g-PMMA亲水性油水分离膜.通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和过滤试验分析了膜的结构和性能.同时研究了TEAH浓度和改性时间对PVDF-g-PMMA膜表面接触角的影响.结果表明,TEAH使PVDF脱去HF产生碳碳双键且MMA成功接枝到改性的PVDF骨架上,膜内外孔隙分布均匀;PVDF-g-PMMA膜的接触角随着TEAH浓度的增加、改性时间的加长而减小.TEAH浓度为2.0 wt%,改性20 min制备的PVDF-g-PMMA膜,接枝率为27.1%,孔隙度为71.6%,平均孔径为78.9 nm,接触角降至55.9°,且在50 s内降为0;纯水通量提高到665.34 L/(m2·h),截留率和水通量恢复率分别达到95.6%和90.1%.与纯PVDF膜相比,PVDF-g-PMMA膜的分离性能显著提高.     

Synthesis of Poly（N-vinylpyrrolidone） Nanofibers Containing Gold Nanoparticles via Electrospinning Technique

Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP)nanofibers containing gold nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning method.This simple route was used to prepare composites on a large scale,and the syntheses are simple.The optical property of gold nanoparticles in PVP aqueous solution was investigated by UV-Visible absorption spectra.The morphology of the fibers and the distribution of particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy.The structure of the composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.     

模板法制备La2O3/ZrO2复合氧化物及其催化小桐子油合成生物柴油

以桦木为模板制备了一系列La2O3/Zr O2固体碱催化剂。采用BET、XRD、XPS和SEM等技术手段对其进行了表征。结果表明,与浸渍法和共沉淀法制备的样品相比,所制得的复合氧化物具备桦木的生物形态,具有更高的比表面积、更小的晶粒尺寸、更大的孔径和孔容等特点。当La/Zr质量比为10%时,样品的碱性最高,催化性能最好。以所制复合氧化物为催化剂,考察小桐子油和甲醇的催化酯交换反应。结果表明,在醇油摩尔比72∶1,固体碱催化剂质量分数8%,反应温度200℃,反应时间6 h的条件下,酯交换反应的甲酯转化率达93.6%。该样品具有一定的抗酸和抗水性。相同反应条件下,样品循环使用3次生物柴油收率仍为83%左右。     

Propylene Glycol and Ethoxylated Surfactant Effects on the Phase Behavior of Water/Sucrose Stearate/Oil System

In this work, we studied the phase behavior as function of temperature of water/sucrose stearate/propylene glycol/oil and water/sucrose stearate/ethoxylated mono‐di‐glyceride/oil systems. The oils were R (+)‐limonene, isopropylmyristate, and caprylic‐capric triglyceride. It was found that adding propylene glycol and ethoxylated mono‐di‐glyceride to the water/sucrose stearate/R (+)‐limonene and water/sucrose stearate/isopropylmyristate systems decreases the temperature and surfactants concentration needed for the formation of a microemulsion phase region and no three phase region is observed. In the case of water/sucrose stearate/caprylic‐capric triglyceride system a three phase region is observed. In the caprylic‐capric based system, it was found that increasing the propylene glycol and ethoxylated mono‐di‐glyceride contents decrease the phase inversion temperature and increases the efficiency. In the case where the mixed surfactants (sucrose stearate and ethoxylated mono‐di‐glyceride) were present in the system, the efficiencies observed are higher than those observed in the system based on the mixture of sucrose stearate and propylene glycol.     

室温固相法制备EuF3和SmF3纳米微粒

通过室温固相反应制备了不同形貌的EuF₃和SmF₃纳米微粒，并利用XRD，TEM，SEM，和XPS对产物进行了表征。研究表明氟源对所得的稀土氟化物的尺寸与形貌有着重要的影响。通过硝酸盐与NH₄F的反应得到了盘状的EuF₃和SmF₃微粒，而硝酸盐与HF·NH₄F的反应得到的是不规则的EuF₃和SmF₃微粒。EuF₃微粒的荧光光谱表明它们的发射峰的强度与尺寸与形貌有关。     

复配乳液体系中聚氯甲基苯乙烯纳米颗粒的制备

以初始质量分数为21.4%的氯甲基苯乙烯,在十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)/聚醚复配乳液体系中制备了粒径为65.0nm,单分散性良好的聚氯甲基苯乙烯纳米微球.用红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、Zeta电位粒度仪测试技术对产物的化学结构、粒径大小、形貌、单分散性进行了表征.结果表明,在复配乳液体系中可以在提高单体含量的同时,保持产物的粒径在纳米级,同时体系的稳定性良好.透射电子显微照片显示,制得的纳米微球之间存在黏连.并提出了氯甲基的存在可能是产生这种现象的原因.     

纳米Bi2Sn2O7的微乳液法制备与表征

纳米Bi2Sn2O7的微乳液法制备与表征;纳米;Bi2Sn2O7;微乳液法     

SiO2@P（MMA/BA/3FMA）复合纳米粒子的制备及膜性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法与半连续种子乳液聚合法相结合,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)制备的纳米SiO2为核,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(3FMA)的共聚物P(MMA/BA/3FMA)为壳,合成了SiO2@P(MMA/BA/3FMA)核-壳结构纳米复合粒子.为防止纳米SiO2的团聚,提高其与共聚物的结合力,用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMS)对纳米SiO2进行改性.通过红外光谱、透射电子显微镜、动态激光散射粒度仪、静态接触角测试仪、X射线光电子能谱分析和热重分析等表征了乳液结构及膜性能.结果表明,获得的复合纳米粒子呈现粒径分布为40～50 nm的核-壳结构球型颗粒.由于含氟官能团的迁移使得氟元素在膜-空气界面富集,有效降低了膜的表面自由能.当3FMA质量分数达到25%时,膜表面自由能达到最低值(23.13 mN/m).随着3FMA含量的增加,共聚物初始热分解温度由350℃提高到390℃.     

四甲基氢氧化铵改性聚偏氟乙烯一步接枝聚苯乙烯磺酸油水分离膜的制备及性能

利用四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)进行改性,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,将苯乙烯磺酸(SSA)接枝到改性的PVDF骨架上,制得聚偏氟乙烯接枝聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSSA-g-PVDF)油水分离膜。 研究了TMAH质量分数对PSSA的接枝率和油水分离膜性能的影响,同时采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和视频光学接触角测量仪测试了膜的结构和表面接触角。 结果表明,TMAH使PVDF脱去部分氟化氢(HF)产生碳碳双键,硫元素均匀地分布在分离膜中。 PSSA的接枝率随着TMAH的质量分数增加而升高,分离膜的水通量随接枝率的升高先增加后降低。 当TMAH质量分数为20%,分离膜的接触角在30 s内降低到37.2°,接枝率和水通量分别为22.1%、643.3 L/(m·h),截留率和水通量恢复率分别达到90.6%和93.7%,衰减率为7.1%。 循环测试显示膜的水通量恢复率和油水通量恢复率均在90%以上。     

水-表面活性剂比对微乳液法制备磁性Ni-Fe复合纳米微粒的影响

Ni-Fe复合物纳米粒;磁学参数;水-表面活性剂比对微乳液法制备磁性Ni-Fe复合纳米微粒的影响     

Preparation of 5-Fluorouracii Loaded Polylactide-co-glycolide-co-methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-mPEG) Nanoparticles via High Speed Shearing

5-Fluorouracil(5-FU) loaded nanoparticles(NPs) were prepared by a high speed shearing double emulsion method with polylactide-co-glycolide-co-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)(PLGA-mPEG) as loading material.The prepared NPs possess a negative zeta potential and their loading efficiency is about 15%(mass fraction).The result of in vitro release shows that the release behavior of 5-FU from NPs is coincident with Zero-level release from the second day.     

Preparation and Characterization of NiO Nanoparticles via Solid-State Thermal Decomposition of Ni(II) Complex

Nickel(II) complex, Ni(Brsalph)(NO₃) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Heating of Ni(Brsalph)(NO₃) at 550 °C for 3.5 h have resulted NiO nanoparticles. Fourier-transformed infrared spectrum confirmed the composition of products. The crystalline structures and morphology of NiO nanoparticles were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.     

Structural Changes Induced in the Surfactant System C(12)E(4)/Benzyl Alcohol/Water by the Admixture of the Cationic Surfactant Cetylpyridinium Chloride

The influence of the addition of the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl) on the structure of the different phases of the ternary surfactant system C(12)E(4)/benzyl alcohol/water in the dilute region has been studied by means of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and freeze-fracture microscopy (FF-TEM). In the ternary system various different subregions of the L(alpha)-phase were identified as a function of the concentration of the cosurfactant, benzyl alcohol. Addition of small amounts of CPyCl suppresses these different L(alpha)-phases in favor of the one composed of multilamellar vesicles. Addition of somewhat larger amounts (up to 2 mol% relative to the total surfactant concentration) destabilizes the formation of bilayer structures completely and leads to the formation of micellar solutions. This demonstrates that in this surfactant system the incorporation of very small amounts of cationic surfactant has a pronounced and systematic fluence on its phase behavior and its structures. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Preparation of Eu-Doped Y(2)O(3) Luminescent Nanoparticles in Nonionic Reverse Microemulsions

In this study, Y(2)O(3):Eu luminescent nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation of aqueous yttrium nitrate/europium nitrate solution using ammonium hydroxide in the reverse microemulsions based on polyoxyethylene (5) nonylphenyl ether/polyoxyethylene (9) nonylphenyl ether, cyclohexane, and water. With Eu-doped Y(2)O(3) nanoparticles obtained, particle size, shape, chemical composition, crystalline formation rate, crystallinity, and photoluminescence were measured and compared with those of particles formed by a bulk precipitation method. The nanoparticles synthesized in microemulsion showed a narrow size distribution, spherical shape, fast crystalline formation rate, high crystallinity, and strong photoluminescence. This stronger photoluminescence of particles formed in a microemulsion might be attributed to more densely packed particles with very few voids and higher crystallinity at a relatively low temperature than those synthesized through a bulk precipitation method. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Bola型阴离子表面活性剂与溴化十二烷基三乙铵混合体系的表面性质与聚集行为

研究了具有简单结构的bola型阴离子表面活性剂二十酸二钠（C_(20)Na_2)与 阳离子型普通表面活性剂溴化十二烷基三乙铵（C_(12)Et_3）混合体系的表面性质 ，发现混合体系的cmc和γ_(cmc)比C_(12)Et_3单一体系未有显著降低。以负染色 ，FF-TEM，动态光散射（DLS）及粘度方法研究了混合体系的聚集行为，发现混合 体系中同时形成球形囊泡和管状聚集体，提出了产生这种聚集行为的机制。     

超亲水超疏油油水分离膜的制备及其性能

超亲水-超疏油油水分离膜是一种过水隔油的特殊分离膜,在处理海洋溢油污染、环境含油废水时具有保持分离膜不被油污染的优势,有十分重要的实际意义。为了掌握近年来超亲水超疏油分离膜的发展动态,本文首先以液体静压力与毛细作用力为基础阐述亲水疏油膜的油水分离机理;然后分类概括超亲水-超疏油金属基底网膜、刺激响应油水分离膜、无基底聚合物膜材料的制备及各项性能的研究新进展;最后总结目前在该领域仍存在的问题并进行展望。     

以电化学方法在离子液体[DEME][BF4]中合成铂纳米粒子

通过恒电位电沉积法在离子液体N,N-二乙基-N-甲基-N-（2-甲氧基乙基）铵四氟硼酸铵（[DEME][BF₄]）中,在玻碳电极上制备了铂纳米颗粒。首先探究了不同沉积电势和不同沉积时间对铂纳米粒子微观形貌的影响,由SEM和TEM图发现在-2.5 V下沉积480 s制备的铂纳米粒子的平均粒径约为2.38 nm。使用高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和电子衍射（SAED）对其晶体结构进行表征,证明了铂纳米粒子为面心立方（fcc）晶体结构。在硫酸中测试铂纳米粒子的催化性能,发现其暴露出明显的（110）和（100）晶面。进一步对铂的电沉积行为进行研究发现,Pt（Ⅳ）的两步还原是由扩散过程和电化学过程共同控制。