仿生干湿摩擦黏附器件的研究进展

生物在自然界的演化过程中进化出了许多独特的干湿摩擦、黏附器官来适应其生存环境.研究人员通过对自然界中典型摩擦与黏附现象的研究、认识和总结,提出了相应的仿生界面摩擦、黏附理论与模型,用于指导人工合成型智能摩擦黏附材料与器件.目前,仿生摩擦、黏附材料体系与器件的设计策略主要以表面微结构、界面物理化学相互作用以及机械形变为基...     

仿生学与天然蜘蛛丝仿生材料

采用仿生学原理, 设计、合成并制备新型仿生材料是近年来快速发展的研究领域. 天然蜘蛛丝是一种生物蛋白弹性体纤维, 具有高比强度(约为钢铁的5倍)、优异弹性(约为芳纶的10倍)和坚韧性(断裂能为所有纤维中最高), 为自然界产生最好的结构和功能材料之一, 它在航空航天、军事、建筑及医学等领域表现出广阔应用前景. 受自然界蜘蛛丝启发, 天然蜘蛛丝仿生材料的研究迎来了机遇, 同时也给人们展示了许多新颖的仿生设计方法. 本文从不同仿生学角度综述了天然蜘蛛丝仿生材料的发展, 并提出了一些看法和思考.     

高效集水仿生超浸润材料的研究进展

有效地收集空气中的雾气是缓解缺水危机的一种方法.近年来,可雾水收集的仿生超浸润材料受到了广泛的关注.通过进一步研究雾水收集过程中的液滴动态运输行为,为设计并构筑多功能仿生超浸润材料提供指导.本综述详细地总结了自然界典型的雾水收集现象,并对液滴在不同润湿性材料表面的动态运输行为进行了分类.从单一仿生到多重仿生出发,系统介...     

寡肽自组装纳米材料研究进展

肽类自组装是自然界普遍存在的分子自组装现象之一,研究其自组装行为对理解生命现象、仿生制备以及构建功能材料等具有重要的意义.寡肽由于合成简单,结构组成明确,同时具有良好的生物相容性、可控的降解性,其组装体在药物/基因控制释放、细胞培养、组织工程支架材料及生物矿化等领域具有很大的应用前景.本文概述了近年来寡肽自组装的研究进展,系统介绍了线性和环状寡肽的分子结构设计、自组装体形貌及组装机理以及组装体在生物医学等领域的应用.     

多功能超润湿材料的设计制备与应用

仿生超润湿材料是指类似自然界中生命体具有的特殊浸润界面性质的一类材料。近20年来,研究人员通过模仿自然,揭示了一系列超润湿界面材料的构建机理,设计制备了多种仿生超润湿材料,并将这些具有特殊表面浸润性能的材料拓展应用到了国防、军工、航空航天、建筑、农业、医疗、海洋防污等众多领域。本文首先介绍表面润湿现象的基础理论,接着从仿生的角度出发,介绍了以仿荷叶、鱼鳞、沙漠甲虫、猪笼草为代表的几种拥有不同表面浸润性能的材料,并总结了这几种材料的仿生设计原理、结构与性能的关系以及所面临的问题。综述了近年来仿生超润湿材料在防污抗菌、防雾防霜防覆冰、油水分离等方面的应用进展,最后展望了仿生超润湿材料的发展方向。     

仿生多微纳米梯度界面的液滴动态行为调控

对液滴在界面上动态行为的研究是化学和材料领域的一个重要方向,许多先进的表面和界面技术,比如集水、防覆冰、防雾、微流体控制和传热等,均属于这一范畴.通过模仿自然界中具有特殊微纳米结构和特定化学组成的生物表面,设计并构筑相应具有特殊浸润性的仿生界面,对仿生界面材料的技术应用起到了良好的先导与示范作用.本文结合本课题组的研究...     

水下超疏油仿生特殊粘附界面材料的研究进展

水下超疏油表面由于在防污材料、微流控技术、生物粘附等方面具有广泛的应用前景,已经引起人们的普遍关注。本文简单介绍了浸润性在液相体系的相关概念及基础理论,综述了自然界中的水下超疏油低粘附生物体典型实例以及水下超疏油仿生特殊粘附界面材料的仿生制备和智能调控,并对水下超疏油仿生界面材料的发展进行了展望。     

仿生矿化增强材料

近年来,随着材料科学领域的发展,机械性能优异且具有特定功能的有机-无机复合材料成为了研究热点。而天然的生物矿化过程产生了在自然界中分布广泛、结构特征多样性、机械性能优异的天然生物矿物,比如牙齿、骨骼、珍珠、贝壳、海胆刺、海洋红虫颚等。这些天然复合增强材料中的矿化组织结构特点和矿化机理为仿生设计与合成具有特定结构、特定功能和优异机械性能的材料提供了理论依据。通过模拟天然过程的仿生矿化方法,利用有机基质调控无机矿物成核生长为固态矿物,最终能够定向组装具有特定有序结构和先进功能的有机-无机复合材料。本文主要综述了自然界中通过生物矿化过程得到的高强度、高韧性的天然复合增强材料,以及受生物矿化增强现象的启发,在化学与材料仿生矿化合成中出现的一些有机-无机复合的增强材料。     

天然材料微观结构与过程仿生研究进展

仿生是未来新材料设计，制造的潜在的最有效途径。本文综述近年来在天然材料微观结构及过程的仿研究的最新进展。     

气-液界面有序介孔SiO2无机膜的仿生合成

早在几百万年以前,自然界就通过生物矿化过程形成了结构高度有序的有机/无机复合材料,如哺乳动物的牙床、骨骼以及贝壳珍珠层等[1]。随着对天然生物材料生物矿化过程研究的逐渐深入,材料研究者从中得到极为重要的启示:先形成有机物自组装体,无机先驱物在自组装聚集体与溶液相的界面处发生化学反应,在有机自组装体的模板作用下,形成有机/无机复合体,再将有机模板去除即可得到具有一定形状与组织结构的无机材料。这种模仿生物矿化中无机物在有机物调制下形成过程的材料合成,称为仿生合成(biomimetic synthesis)[2]。仿生合成过程中,通过选择有…     

Bioinspired approaches for medical devices

Advances in medical devices have revolutionized the treatment of human diseases, such as stents in occluded coronary artery, left ventricular assist devices in heart failure, pacemakers in arrhythmias, etc. Despite their significance, the development of devices for reducing and avoiding the thrombosis formation, obtaining excellent mechanical performance, and achieving stable electronic physiology remains challenging and unresolved. Fortunately, nature serves as a good resource of inspirations, and brings us endless bioinspired physicochemical ideas to better the development of novel artificial materials and devices that enable us to potentially overcome the unresolved obstacles. Bioinspired approaches, in particularly, owe much of their current development in biology, chemistry, materials science, medicine and engineering to the design and fabrication of advanced devices. The application of bioinspired devices is a burgeoning area in these fields of research. In this perspective, we would take the cardiovascular device as one example to show how these bioinspired approaches could be used to build novel, advanced biomedical devices with precisely controlled functions. Here, bioinspired approaches are utilized to solve issues like thrombogenic, mechanical and electronic physiology problems in medical devices. Moreover, there is an outlook for future challenges in the development of bioinspired medical devices.     

Biogene Polymere als Template

The presented bioinspired materials fabrication approach is focused on the development of innovative structural and functional materials. A key area in this innovative field of fundamental and applied research is the use or formation of biogenic (biopolymeric) structures and their conversion into composite materials for engineering and biomedical applications. The fundamental chemical and physical transformation processes involved in these conversions are demonstrated on selected examples.     

基于二维压电材料功能性器件的设计、构筑与性能研究

二维压电材料由于具有机械强度高、 性质多样、 柔性透明等特点, 吸引了广大科研人员的研究兴趣. 基于二维压电材料的柔性电子器件、 纳米传感器以及光电子器件等功能性器件也展现出了良好的性能和应用前景. 对此类器件的构筑和应用需要系统的设计和性能研究. 本综述围绕功能性的二维压电器件, 系统地论述了压电效应在(光)电子器件中的性能调控机制, 并总结其设计和制备流程以及如何实现多种功能性应用, 以期对此类器件的设计和研究提供参考.     

Nano-architecture and material designs for water splitting photoelectrodes

This review concerns the efficient conversion of sunlight into chemical fuels through the photoelectrochemical splitting of water, which has the potential to generate sustainable hydrogen fuel. In this review, we discuss various photoelectrode materials and relative design strategies with their associated fabrication for solar water splitting. Factors affecting photoelectrochemical performance of these materials and designs are also described. The most recent progress in the research and development of new materials as well as their corresponding photoelectrodes is also summarized in this review. Finally, the research strategies and future directions for water splitting are discussed with recommendations to facilitate the further exploration of new photoelectrode materials and their associated technologies.     

Recent progress in organic field-effect transistor-based integrated circuits

Organic integrated circuits are undergoing rapid development with the extensive research on organic semiconducting materials and the performance improvement of organic field-effect transistors. Organic integrated circuits not only cover all the major circuit types, their complexity, degree of integration, and performance have also been improved in recent years. In this review, recent advances in the design and fabrication of integrated circuits based on organic field-effect transistors are reported. The circuits are categorized into digital and analog, which are discussed in detail centering on the structure, fabrication process, and performance. In addition, progress in the modeling and simulation of organic integrated circuits are discussed as well, as they are key issues for the future development of organic electronics.     

On the role(s) of additives in bioinspired silicification

Biological organisms are able to direct the formation of patterned and hierarchical biomineral structures. Extractable organic materials have been found entrapped in diatom, sponge and plant biosilica, some of which have been isolated by selective chemical dissolution methods and their composition and structure studied. Information gained from the bioextracts has inspired materials chemists to design biomimetic analogues and develop bioinspired synthetic schemes for silica formation. The results obtained from bioinspired silicification investigations are hypothesised to arise from specific modes of action of the organic additives, which are described in this review. Specifically, additives in bioinspired silicification act either as catalysts, aggregation promoting agents or structure-directing agents or more typically, exhibit a combination of these behaviours.     

Biomimetic and bioinspired silica: recent developments and applications

In a previous review of biological and bioinspired silica formation (S. V. Patwardhan et al., Chem. Commun., 2005, 1113 [ref. 1]), we have identified and discussed the roles that organic molecules (additives) play in silica formation in vitro. Tremendous progress has been made in this field since and this review attempts to capture, with selected examples from the literature, the key advances in synthesising and controlling properties of silica-based materials using bioinspired approaches, i.e. conditions of near-neutral pH, all aqueous environments and room temperature. One important reason to investigate biosilicifying systems is to be able to develop novel materials and/or technologies suitable for a wide range of applications. Therefore, this review will also focus on applications arising from research on biological and bioinspired silica. A range of applications such as in the areas of sensors, coatings, hybrid materials, catalysis and biocatalysis and drug delivery have started appearing. Furthermore, scale-up of this technology suitable for large-scale manufacturing has proven the potential of biologically inspired synthesis.     

Synergistically Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect on Cancer,via Asymmetric Bioinspired Materials

The undesirable side effects of conventional chemotherapy are one of the major problems associated with cancer treatment. Recently, with the development of novel nanomaterials, tumor-targeted therapies have been invented in order to achieve more specific cancer treatment with reduced unfavorable side effects of chemotherapic agents on human cells. However, the clinical application of nanomedicines has some shortages, such as the reduced ability to cross biological barriers and undesirable side effects in normal cells. In this order, bioinspired materials are developed to minimize the related side effects due to their excellent biocompatibility and higher accumulation therapies. As bioinspired and biomimetic materials are mainly composed of a nanometric functional agent and a biologic component, they can possess both the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and the advantages of biologic agents, such as prolonged circulation time, enhanced biocompatibility, immune modulation, and specific targeting for cancerous cells. Among the nanomaterials, asymmetric nanomaterials have gained attention as they provide a larger surface area with more active functional sites compared to symmetric nanomaterials. Additionally, the asymmetric nanomaterials are able to function as two or more distinct components due to their asymmetric structure. The mentioned properties result in unique physiochemical properties of asymmetric nanomaterials, which makes them desirable materials for anti-cancer drug delivery systems or cancer bio-imaging systems. In this review, we discuss the use of bioinspired and biomimetic materials in the treatment of cancer, with a special focus on asymmetric nanoparticle anti-cancer agents.     

Functionalizing inorganic solids: towards organic-inorganic nanostructured materials for intelligent and bioinspired systems

The design, preparation, and properties of organic-inorganic hybrid compounds are described and discussed with respect to their potential uses as intelligent and bioinspired materials. Several synthesis strategies based on intercalation in 2D solids, the grafting of organic groups onto silica and silicates, and the self-assembly of organo-silica materials are presented, focusing on the soft procedures that are used to modify the functionality of the inorganic substrates. The combination of both organic and inorganic moieties at the nanometer level forms the basis for preparing multifunctional solids that are provided with specific functions in response to different types of stimuli. In some cases these resemble materials that are found in biological systems. Examples include organic-inorganic membranes that are based on intercalated macrocyclic compounds and bi-layer vesicles that consist of alkyl long-chains arranged either in the confined region of layered silicates or as self-organized organo-silica micelles. The role of certain hybrid materials such as membranes provides a different approach to the development of artificial liposomes and other mimetic systems that have an organic-inorganic composition and nanostructural organization. Their potential uses for DDS or DNA-dense phases are also discussed and novel alternatives to bioinspired systems development are proposed.     

Electrospinning Janus Nanofibrous Membrane for Unidirectional Liquid Penetration and Its Applications

Janus membrane with opposite wettability on its two sides has witnessed an explosion of interest in the field of liquid spontaneous and directional transport for their promising prospect. The advances in fabrication technology and natural bionics have brought remarkable progress for the development of Janus mate-rials. Among the exciting progress, the micro/nanofabrication technique of electrospinning shows advantages in constructing thin porous fibrous membrane materials with controllable surface wettabi-lity and hierarchical structures. Here, a brief review of bioinspired Janus membrane for unidirectional liquid penetration fabricated by electrospinning is presented, and the underlying scientific mechanism is discussed with an emphasis on the materials design involving asymmetric surface wettability and micro-topology structure. An overview of recent emerging applications is also reviewed, with special attentions to liquid separation, water collection, distillation, and smart textile, etc. As researchers keep to develop more efficient strategies on designing new Janus membrane with higher performances, it has become increasingly important to understand the mechanism of liquid moving dynamics at the asymmetric interface in order to better recognize the scientific limitations currently hindering the field development. At last, the challenges currently faced and possible strategies on developing new Janus membranes for optimization and engineering in the future are proposed.