水凝胶仿生柔性电子学

水凝胶力学性质与生物组织相似,生物相容性好,在生物电子学领域具有独特的优势.受生物组织——如皮肤、神经、肌肉等启发,发展了具有仿生结构和功能的水凝胶材料.以这种水凝胶材料制作而成的柔性电子器件具有感知温度、压力、应变、电场等外界刺激的功能,可模拟生物组织的传感能力,在仿生电子皮肤,人工肌肉,人工神经等领域具有重要的应用...     

仿生天然高分子水凝胶在医用材料方面的应用

天然高分子水凝胶具有高度水合的三维网络结构,显示出独特的粘附性,能有效地控制出血,减少二次感染,且生物相容性和生物降解性好,是一种理想的医用粘合剂材料。近年来,鉴于目前医用粘合剂研发制备中对水下湿粘性以及生物降解性能等要求越来越严格,具有耐水粘附性、生物安全性和形状可控性的新型粘附材料成为研究的热点和难点。自然界生物对各种基质的粘附性主要取决于其组成或结构,利用天然高分子水凝胶材料进行仿生,可以使其兼具优异的组织粘附性、止血抑菌性和形状可控性等特性,是解决上述问题的有效策略。本文概述了两种类型的仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料粘附机制,针对性地讨论了贻贝、藤壶、牡蛎的组成特性和咸水鱼、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix)的结构特点以及粘附机理,并介绍了相应仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料在组织愈合、伤口止血及药物递送方面的研究进展。最后,对仿生天然高分子水凝胶在未来的发展方向进行展望并为其提供相应的建议。     

光热材料在海水淡化领域的近期研究进展与展望

太阳能水蒸发系统成本低、能效高,对缓解能源危机、减少水污染、促进海水淡化具有重要意义.然而,太阳能驱动水蒸发的自然机制往往受到低蒸发率和吸收光谱范围小的影响.其中,局部加热并限制热损失的界面水蒸发策略被广泛认可并作为高性能、可持续的太阳能蒸汽产生的有效途径.随着太阳能水蒸发技术的不断发展,制备绿色、高效的光热材料已成为研究热点.根据光热材料的种类将其划分为:金属材料、半导体材料、碳基材料以及聚合物材料,详细阐述了不同材料的光热转换机制并总结近年来光热材料在海水淡化领域的研究现状及进展;讨论了潜在的光热候选材料,对其未来发展做出了展望.旨在为海水淡化领域中高效光热材料的合理设计和开发提供可行方案,对今后光热材料的发展具有总结和指导意义.     

响应性水凝胶及其在生物医药领域应用研究进展

响应性水凝胶又称"智能水凝胶",是以水凝胶为基础,经修饰响应多种理化性质及微小环境变化,从而改变自身性质的一类水凝胶。响应性水凝胶目前广泛应用于生物医药领域、材料领域等,如:制备pH响应性水凝胶负载阿霉素(DOX)治疗癌症,温度响应性水凝胶制作3D生物打印材料用于创伤修复,葡萄糖响应性水凝胶治疗糖尿病足等。本文介绍了响应性水凝胶研究的国内外发展动态,包括响应性水凝胶的制备、修饰方法及其在生物医药领域的应用,并对未来的发展方向进行了讨论与展望。     

水凝胶基仿生离子通道及其智能离子传输

离子可控传输是维持众多正常生理活动的重要基础,而实现可控离子传输的关键是生命体系中的各类蛋白质离子通道.受此启发,科研工作者开发了一系列仿生智能离子通道,实现了类似生命体中的可控离子传输.其中,基于水凝胶体系的离子通道由于其空间荷电性和三维互通特性,展现出高离子选择性和高离子通量的优点.同时,水凝胶基离子通道的生物相容性、可形变特性及稳定的离子储存特性,使其成为智能离子传输领域的研究热点之一,该类材料已被广泛应用于离子-电子电路、医疗健康、能源转化与存储以及资源与环境等领域.本文主要从水凝胶基智能离子通道的构筑方法出发,阐述了凝胶内部离子传输机制,并对其在各领域的应用进行了总结,最后对目前水凝胶基离子通道存在的问题及未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

仿生高分子的研究进展

本文介绍了近年来结构仿生高分子材料和功能仿生高分子材料方面的研究进展,介绍了生物材料的多级有序结构、智能水凝胶、仿荷叶表面、高分子在细胞培养和生物矿化等方面的研究结果,探讨了这一领域的可能发展方向.     

粘性水凝胶的发展及应用

本文系统介绍了近年来粘性水凝胶相关研究的最新进展,并从结构仿生、材料仿生、原理仿生方面细致梳理了典型案例的设计理念,总结概括了粘性水凝胶在可穿戴传感器、生物医用材料、执行器机器人、吸附分离等领域的应用。在此基础上,探讨了粘性水凝胶现存的挑战,并展望了其在亚微米颗粒的吸附分离、痕量爆炸物颗粒原位采样检测等方面将有蓬勃发展,为粘性水凝胶的创新设计及实际应用提供指导和参考。     

低蒸发焓水凝胶用于太阳能驱动水净化

日益严重的水资源短缺和水体污染引发了人们对先进水净化技术的研究兴趣。太阳能驱动的界面蒸发利用清洁的太阳能来分离水和杂质,被认为是解决缺水和污染最环保、经济的技术。低蒸发焓水凝胶基光热转换材料由于其高蒸发速率、可加工性、可控性和多功能性,成为最有潜力的太阳能蒸发器材料。首先,本综述回顾了水凝胶的关键概念,这些概念证明了其在太阳能驱动的界面蒸发系统中的优势,如快速水传输和低蒸发焓;其次,总结了水凝胶的制备方法包括引入的光热材料以及水凝胶的设计策略,以提高水凝胶的整体性能。水凝胶蒸发器的多种功能在抗盐、光降解、杀菌和发电等方面得到了扩展。基于水凝胶的上述优势,本综述进一步提出了适用于实际使用环境的水凝胶蒸发器的设计概念和策略。     

水凝胶的制备及应用

本文回顾了“普通”和“环境敏感”水凝胶的制备方法及其作为生物材料在固定化酶、固定化细胞、免疫测试和药物控制释放等领域的应用。     

石墨炔纳米材料的制备及在电化学能源中的应用

石墨炔纳米材料的制备与应用是石墨炔材料研究的重要方向, 通过对其纳米结构进行设计与优化, 可以提高石墨炔材料及其杂化结构的性能, 拓展其在能源储存与转换领域的应用. 本综述介绍了不同形貌和结构的石墨炔基纳米材料, 如纳米墙、 纳米片、 纳米薄膜等结构. 阐述了不同结构特征的石墨炔基纳米材料在电化学储能器件以及电化学能源催化中的应用, 同时也探讨了石墨炔不同纳米形貌和结构在能源应用领域快速发展的机遇及所面临的挑战.     

2D MXenes Nanosheets for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage Devices: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Since the initial MXenes were discovered in 2011, several MXene compositions constructed using combinations of various transition metals have been developed. MXenes are ideal candidates for different applications in energy conversion and storage, because of their unique and interesting characteristics, which included good electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and simplicity of large-scale synthesis. Herein, we study the current developments in two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets for energy storage and conversion technologies. First, we discuss the introduction to energy storage and conversion devices. Later, we emphasized on 2D MXenes and some specific properties of MXenes. Subsequently, research advances in MXene-based electrode materials for energy storage such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries is summarized. We provide the relevant energy storage processes, common challenges, and potential approaches to an acceptable solution for 2D MXene-based energy storage. In addition, recent advances for MXenes used in energy conversion devices like solar cells, fuel cells and catalysis is also summarized. Finally, the future prospective of growing MXene-based energy conversion and storage are highlighted.     

Design of Functional Carbon Composite Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage

The carbon composite materials have been a research hotspot in the fields of catalysis, energy conversion and so on, because of their features of large structure and morphology variety, good chemical and electrochemical stability, and high electronic conductivity, large specific surface area and rich active sites. This paper summarizes some research progress of carbon composite materials, including assembly methodologies, their structure regulation, properties, and related applications. Moreover, the current challenges and the prospects of these materials are also discussed.     

太阳能转换过程中的高分子应用

近年来,在太阳能利用的科学领域内,高分子材料得到了广泛的应用。本文从太阳能工艺学和太阳能转换两个方面对此问题作了介绍和讨论。     

Criteria for the Efficiency,Stability, and Capacity of Abiotic Photochemical Solar Energy Storage Systems

The utilization of simple photochemical reactions for the storage of solar energy in the form of chemical energy in energy-rich products has often been considered in the further development and improvement of e. g. simple thermosolar techniques. The hitherto proposed criteria for the qualification of an abiotic photochemical system are, however, mostly of a qualitative nature, so a mutal comparison of the systems is not precise enough. In this article it is shown how a useful correlation on the basis of time-independent experimental data can be achieved and how, from the viewpoint of photochemistry, a comparative classification of known reactions is possible. The following reactions are compared: the [2 + 2]-photocycloadditions of norbornadiene, dimethyl 2,3-norbornadienedicarboxylate, and dicyclopentadienone, the photoisomerization of trans- to cis-diacetylindigo, the photodissociation of nitrosyl chloride as well as a photocatalytic redox reaction. The quantity of material required and storage efficiency are by far the most favorable in the case of trans-diacetylindigo. The main disadvantage of the latter however, is that the energy-rich cis-from rapidly reverts to the stable trans-form at elevated temperatures.     

钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的合成及其能源转化储存应用研究进展

钙钛矿型稀土氧化物价格低廉、结构可控、性质多样,在催化领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文从钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的结构类型、合成方法及电化学催化反应出发,总结了传统高温合成方法、火焰喷雾法、静电纺丝法和脉冲激光沉积法等几种最常用的合成方法,以及提升其氧析出反应(OER),氢析出反应(HER)和氧还原反应(ORR)催化能力的典型有效方法,概述了近年来钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在电解水、金属空气电池和固体氧化物燃料电池等能源转化储存装置的主要研究进展,进而对钙钛矿型稀土氧化物在能源转化储存领域的应用进行了展望。     

2020 Roadmap on Carbon Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion

Carbon is a simple, stable and popular element with many allotropes. The carbon family members include carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, graphite, graphdiyne and hard carbon, etc. They can be divided into different dimensions, and their structures can be open and porous. Moreover, it is very interesting to dope them with other elements (metal or non‐metal) or hybridize them with other materials to form composites. The elemental and structural characteristics offer us to explore their applications in energy, environment, bioscience, medicine, electronics and others. Among them, energy storage and conversion are extremely attractive, as advances in this area may improve our life quality and environment. Some energy devices will be included herein, such as lithium‐ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries, dual ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and others. Additionally, carbon‐based electrocatalysts are also studied in hydrogen evolution reaction and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. However, there are still many challenges in the design and preparation of electrode and electrocatalytic materials. The research related to carbon materials for energy storage and conversion is extremely active, and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘Carbon Materials in Energy Storage and Conversion’.     

The Application of Graphene and Its Derivatives to Energy Conversion,Storage, and Environmental and Biosensing Devices

Graphene (GR) and its derivatives are promising materials on the horizon of nanotechnology and material science and have attracted a tremendous amount of research interest in recent years. The unique atom‐thick 2D structure with sp² hybridization and large specific surface area, high thermal conductivity, superior electron mobility, and chemical stability have made GR and its derivatives extremely attractive components for composite materials for solar energy conversion, energy storage, environmental purification, and biosensor applications. This review gives a brief introduction of GR's unique structure, band structure engineering, physical and chemical properties, and recent energy‐related progress of GR‐based materials in the fields of energy conversion (e.g., photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical water splitting, CO₂ reduction, dye‐sensitized and organic solar cells, and photosensitizers in photovoltaic devices) and energy storage (batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors). The vast coverage of advancements in environmental applications of GR‐based materials for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, gas sensing, and removal of heavy‐metal ions is presented. Additionally, the use of graphene composites in the biosensing field is discussed. We conclude the review with remarks on the challenges, prospects, and further development of GR‐based materials in the exciting fields of energy, environment, and bioscience.     

Integrated Devices to Realize Energy Conversion and Storage Simultaneously

Other forms of energy are generally converted to electric energy and then transported to electrochemical devices, where the energy is stored, by external electric wires. To further improve total energy conversion and storage efficiency, interest in simultaneously realize the energy conversion and storage in a single device has increased. This Concept describes recent progress in developing such novel integrated energy devices. Both planar and wire architectures are carefully illustrated with an emphasis on the “energy wire” which has been the focus of past developments due to its unique and promising applications, such as being woven into clothes or other complex structures by conventional textile technology. The current challenges and future directions of the integrated devices, particularly in the wire architecture, are summarized.     

储能材料的模拟与设计

综述了近年来常用的计算模拟方法, 如第一原理计算, 分子动力学和蒙特-卡罗模拟. 介绍了应用这些方法在锂离子电池材料和储氢材料等储能材料研究中取得的成果和最新的进展, 展望了计算材料学和材料设计学在该领域中的应用前景.