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李胜男  付俊 《应用化学》2022,39(1):55-73
水凝胶力学性质与生物组织相似,生物相容性好,在生物电子学领域具有独特的优势.受生物组织——如皮肤、神经、肌肉等启发,发展了具有仿生结构和功能的水凝胶材料.以这种水凝胶材料制作而成的柔性电子器件具有感知温度、压力、应变、电场等外界刺激的功能,可模拟生物组织的传感能力,在仿生电子皮肤,人工肌肉,人工神经等领域具有重要的应用...  相似文献   

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天然高分子水凝胶具有高度水合的三维网络结构,显示出独特的粘附性,能有效地控制出血,减少二次感染,且生物相容性和生物降解性好,是一种理想的医用粘合剂材料。近年来,鉴于目前医用粘合剂研发制备中对水下湿粘性以及生物降解性能等要求越来越严格,具有耐水粘附性、生物安全性和形状可控性的新型粘附材料成为研究的热点和难点。自然界生物对各种基质的粘附性主要取决于其组成或结构,利用天然高分子水凝胶材料进行仿生,可以使其兼具优异的组织粘附性、止血抑菌性和形状可控性等特性,是解决上述问题的有效策略。本文概述了两种类型的仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料粘附机制,针对性地讨论了贻贝、藤壶、牡蛎的组成特性和咸水鱼、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix)的结构特点以及粘附机理,并介绍了相应仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料在组织愈合、伤口止血及药物递送方面的研究进展。最后,对仿生天然高分子水凝胶在未来的发展方向进行展望并为其提供相应的建议。  相似文献   

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太阳能水蒸发系统成本低、能效高,对缓解能源危机、减少水污染、促进海水淡化具有重要意义.然而,太阳能驱动水蒸发的自然机制往往受到低蒸发率和吸收光谱范围小的影响.其中,局部加热并限制热损失的界面水蒸发策略被广泛认可并作为高性能、可持续的太阳能蒸汽产生的有效途径.随着太阳能水蒸发技术的不断发展,制备绿色、高效的光热材料已成为研究热点.根据光热材料的种类将其划分为:金属材料、半导体材料、碳基材料以及聚合物材料,详细阐述了不同材料的光热转换机制并总结近年来光热材料在海水淡化领域的研究现状及进展;讨论了潜在的光热候选材料,对其未来发展做出了展望.旨在为海水淡化领域中高效光热材料的合理设计和开发提供可行方案,对今后光热材料的发展具有总结和指导意义.  相似文献   

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响应性水凝胶又称“智能水凝胶”,是以水凝胶为基础,经修饰响应多种理化性质及微小环境变化,从而改变自身性质的一类水凝胶。 响应性水凝胶目前广泛应用于生物医药领域、材料领域等,如:制备pH响应性水凝胶负载阿霉素(DOX)治疗癌症,温度响应性水凝胶制作3D生物打印材料用于创伤修复,葡萄糖响应性水凝胶治疗糖尿病足等。 本文介绍了响应性水凝胶研究的国内外发展动态,包括响应性水凝胶的制备、修饰方法及其在生物医药领域的应用,并对未来的发展方向进行了讨论与展望。  相似文献   

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离子可控传输是维持众多正常生理活动的重要基础,而实现可控离子传输的关键是生命体系中的各类蛋白质离子通道.受此启发,科研工作者开发了一系列仿生智能离子通道,实现了类似生命体中的可控离子传输.其中,基于水凝胶体系的离子通道由于其空间荷电性和三维互通特性,展现出高离子选择性和高离子通量的优点.同时,水凝胶基离子通道的生物相容性、可形变特性及稳定的离子储存特性,使其成为智能离子传输领域的研究热点之一,该类材料已被广泛应用于离子-电子电路、医疗健康、能源转化与存储以及资源与环境等领域.本文主要从水凝胶基智能离子通道的构筑方法出发,阐述了凝胶内部离子传输机制,并对其在各领域的应用进行了总结,最后对目前水凝胶基离子通道存在的问题及未来发展趋势进行了展望.  相似文献   

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智能水凝胶是一种能在水中溶胀而不溶于水的高分子聚合物,且能对外界刺激而作出应答的一类凝胶体系。温敏水凝胶是智能水凝胶的一种,它能根据环境温度的变化而产生体积相转变现象,与抗菌剂复合可使其具有抗菌活性。温敏水凝胶可以根据环境温度的变化间断式地释放抗菌剂,提高抗菌剂的效用时间,可应用于生物、医药、纺织等领域。本文介绍了温敏水凝胶的温敏机理,重点综述了近年来与抗菌剂相结合的丙烯酰胺、泊洛沙姆、壳聚糖及聚乙二醇-b-聚酯类共聚物等温敏性复合水凝胶在抗菌应用方面的研究进展,并探讨了近年来抗菌复合水凝胶研究存在的问题及未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

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仿生高分子的研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文介绍了近年来结构仿生高分子材料和功能仿生高分子材料方面的研究进展,介绍了生物材料的多级有序结构、智能水凝胶、仿荷叶表面、高分子在细胞培养和生物矿化等方面的研究结果,探讨了这一领域的可能发展方向.  相似文献   

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本文系统介绍了近年来粘性水凝胶相关研究的最新进展,并从结构仿生、材料仿生、原理仿生方面细致梳理了典型案例的设计理念,总结概括了粘性水凝胶在可穿戴传感器、生物医用材料、执行器机器人、吸附分离等领域的应用。在此基础上,探讨了粘性水凝胶现存的挑战,并展望了其在亚微米颗粒的吸附分离、痕量爆炸物颗粒原位采样检测等方面将有蓬勃发展,为粘性水凝胶的创新设计及实际应用提供指导和参考。  相似文献   

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任佳欣  陈玲  龚江  瞿金平  牛冉 《高分子通报》2023,36(11):1406-1419
日益严重的水资源短缺和水体污染引发了人们对先进水净化技术的研究兴趣。太阳能驱动的界面蒸发利用清洁的太阳能来分离水和杂质,被认为是解决缺水和污染最环保、经济的技术。低蒸发焓水凝胶基光热转换材料由于其高蒸发速率、可加工性、可控性和多功能性,成为最有潜力的太阳能蒸发器材料。首先,本综述回顾了水凝胶的关键概念,这些概念证明了其在太阳能驱动的界面蒸发系统中的优势,如快速水传输和低蒸发焓;其次,总结了水凝胶的制备方法包括引入的光热材料以及水凝胶的设计策略,以提高水凝胶的整体性能。水凝胶蒸发器的多种功能在抗盐、光降解、杀菌和发电等方面得到了扩展。基于水凝胶的上述优势,本综述进一步提出了适用于实际使用环境的水凝胶蒸发器的设计概念和策略。  相似文献   

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At photoelectrosynthetic interfaces, an electrochemical reaction is driven by excited charge carriers from a semiconducting photoabsorber. The structure and composition of this interface determine both the electronic and electrochemical performance of devices, yet this structure is often highly dynamic both in the time-domain and upon applied potentials. We discuss the arising challenges from this dynamical nature and review recent approaches to gain an atomistic understanding of the involved processes, which increasingly involves a combination of experimental and computational methods. Bearing a similarity to solid-electrolyte interphase formation in batteries, their apprehension could help to develop functional passivation layers for high-performance photoelectrosynthetic devices.  相似文献   

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The utilization of simple photochemical reactions for the storage of solar energy in the form of chemical energy in energy-rich products has often been considered in the further development and improvement of e. g. simple thermosolar techniques. The hitherto proposed criteria for the qualification of an abiotic photochemical system are, however, mostly of a qualitative nature, so a mutal comparison of the systems is not precise enough. In this article it is shown how a useful correlation on the basis of time-independent experimental data can be achieved and how, from the viewpoint of photochemistry, a comparative classification of known reactions is possible. The following reactions are compared: the [2 + 2]-photocycloadditions of norbornadiene, dimethyl 2,3-norbornadienedicarboxylate, and dicyclopentadienone, the photoisomerization of trans- to cis-diacetylindigo, the photodissociation of nitrosyl chloride as well as a photocatalytic redox reaction. The quantity of material required and storage efficiency are by far the most favorable in the case of trans-diacetylindigo. The main disadvantage of the latter however, is that the energy-rich cis-from rapidly reverts to the stable trans-form at elevated temperatures.  相似文献   

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近年来,在太阳能利用的科学领域内,高分子材料得到了广泛的应用。本文从太阳能工艺学和太阳能转换两个方面对此问题作了介绍和讨论。  相似文献   

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Since the initial MXenes were discovered in 2011, several MXene compositions constructed using combinations of various transition metals have been developed. MXenes are ideal candidates for different applications in energy conversion and storage, because of their unique and interesting characteristics, which included good electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and simplicity of large-scale synthesis. Herein, we study the current developments in two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets for energy storage and conversion technologies. First, we discuss the introduction to energy storage and conversion devices. Later, we emphasized on 2D MXenes and some specific properties of MXenes. Subsequently, research advances in MXene-based electrode materials for energy storage such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries is summarized. We provide the relevant energy storage processes, common challenges, and potential approaches to an acceptable solution for 2D MXene-based energy storage. In addition, recent advances for MXenes used in energy conversion devices like solar cells, fuel cells and catalysis is also summarized. Finally, the future prospective of growing MXene-based energy conversion and storage are highlighted.  相似文献   

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In the past years, photoelectrocatalysis has been developed to offer green and sustainable application to wastewater remediation, water disinfection, H2 production and CO2 reduction. The advances of these systems with new semiconductor photoelectrocatalysts that are photoexcited with visible light giving photogenerated charge carriers efficiently, separated in a photoelectrochemical cell, are explained. These studies do not consider the light transport as fundamental aspect of light–matter interaction, although the harvesting of photons at the semiconductor surface limits the quantum yield by the existing semiconductor architectures. This opinion review envisages biomimicry as an alternative natural guide for synthesizing more efficient photoelectrodes. Micro- and nanostructure shapes from nature are identified to prepare new bio-inspired photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical reactors with the light transport as indispensable element. The implementation of strategies of phototroph organisms to maximize light adsorption and the enhancement of photoelectrocatalytic surface area are analyzed as key factors for such bio-based photoelectrodes.  相似文献   

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Rigorous assessment of heterogeneous electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting has been a critical issue mainly due to insufficient standard protocols to measure and report experimental data.In this perspective,we highlight some common pitfalls when measuring and reporting electrocatalytic data,which should be avoided to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility and to advance the water splitting field.We advocate to prevent the introduction of artefacts from the counter and reference electrodes,as well as the impurities in the electrolyte when conducting electrocatalyst activity measurements.In addition,we encourage the use of the electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)-normalized current densities to represent the intrinsic activity of the reported catalysts for a better comparison with previously known materials.Suitable ECSA measurement methods should be employed based on the nature of catalysts.Recommendations made in this perspective will hopefully assist in identifying advanced catalysts for water splitting research.  相似文献   

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We introduce MXene nanosheets to construct ionotronic hydrogels. Leveraging the rich surface charges and electronic conductivity of MXene nanosheets, ionotronic hydrogels can harvest vibrational and electromagnetic waves as electrical energy and enable noncontact sensing.  相似文献   

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In the past three decades, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have gained increased recognition as a potential substitute for inexpensive photovoltaic (PV) devices, and their maximum efficiency has grown from 7% to 14.3%. Recent developments in DSSCs have attracted a plethora of research activities geared at realizing their full potential. DSSCs have seen a revival as the finest technology for specific applications with unique features such as low-cost, non-toxic, colourful, transparent, ease of fabrication, flexibility, and efficient indoor light operation. Several organic materials are being explored and employed in DSSCs to enhance their performance, robustness, and lower production costs to be viable alternatives in the solar cell markets. This review provides a concise summary of the developments in the field over the past decade, with a special focus on the incorporation of organic materials into DSSCs. It covers all elements of the DSSC technology, including practical approaches and novel materials. Finally, the emerging applications of DSSCs, and their future promise are also discussed.  相似文献   

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