多级热处理对柔性立管用高强钢组织性能影响

通过对柔性立管用高强钢开展不同的热处理工艺实验并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和EBSD技术等表征手段研究了多级热处理对柔性立管用高强钢显微组织、力学性能以及抗氢致开裂性能的影响.结果表明:相对调质热处理而言,多级热处理能够显著细化组织,促使析出相细小弥散地分布于组织中并提高了组织中的晶界密度,从而使柔性立管用高强钢的强度升高.多级热处理大大提高了组织中氢陷阱的数量,减小了析出相的尺寸并改善了氢陷阱的分布状态,进而提高了实验钢的溶氢能力,从而在提高实验钢强度的同时明显改善了其抗氢致开裂性能.     

异种钢熔化焊接头氢的扩散行为

本文全面地分析了用奥氏体型填充材料焊接珠光体异种钢接头氢在焊接过程不同阶段、不同部位的扩散和聚集特点,并建立了相应的氢的扩散模型。所得结论为深入研究氢在异种钢接头延迟裂纹形成中的作用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

MnS夹杂对钢中氢扩散行为的影响

通过实验和有限元计算研究了MnS夹杂对钢中氢扩散行为的影响. 结果表明:当MnS夹杂长度取向与氢渗透方向平行时,氢在钢中的表观扩散系数随MnS含量的增加而增加;当MnS夹杂长度取向与氢渗透方向垂直时,氢在钢中的表观扩散系数随MnS含量的增加而降低. 对于具有扩散通道效应和陷阱效应的第二相,它对氢扩散的影响取决于扩散通道效应和陷阱效应的强弱以及第二相的形状、数量和取向.     

退火温度对退火马氏体基TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

将C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢通过完全淬火和两相区退火相结合的工艺,得到一种以退火马氏体为基体的TRIP钢(简称TAM钢),并对比分析了TAM钢在不同温度退火后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,TAM钢经退火后的显微组织特征为精细规整的板条退火马氏体基体、片状残余奥氏体和贝氏体/马氏体组成的混合组织.这种组织降低了基体的硬度以及基体和第二相之间的强度比,减少了基体的位错密度.随着退火温度的提高,退火马氏体基体的板条形态逐渐消失,新生马氏体/贝氏体的团状混合组织逐渐增多.当退火温度为780℃时,综合力学性能优异,抗拉强度为1130 MPa,延伸率可达20%,强塑积为22600 MPa·%.当退火温度较低时,残余奥氏体主要以片状存在于退火马氏体板条间,有利于TRIP效应的发生.     

CuPCr钢显微组织对全浸海水腐蚀行为的影响

为考察CuPCr型耐海水腐蚀钢不同显微组织的腐蚀行为,采用热轧后不同冷却方式分别获得贝氏体和铁素体+珠光体组织,进行模拟海水腐蚀的全浸加速腐蚀实验,并利用失重法测量腐蚀速率,采用SEM,XRD和电化学方法评价钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:贝氏体组织能够在更短时间内形成比较致密的锈层,其耐蚀性能明显优于铁素体和珠光体组织.碳元素在贝氏体中的均匀分布减少了微电池数量,因而能够降低钢的腐蚀电流密度.     

显微组织对双相钢Bauschinger效应及残余相应力的影响

本文应用有限单元法分析了预变形、粒子尺寸、体积分数和组分相的屈服强度比对双相钢的 Bauschinger Effect(BE)及残余相应力的影响.对 BE 和残余相应力之间的关系、非弹性卸载、卸载塑性及反向变形对 BE 和残余相应力的影响也作了讨论.一些计算分析和相应的实验结果相比较,符合较好.     

Mo、B对低合金高强钢组织和性能的影响

对两种不同成分的C-Mn-Mo系低合金高强钢(HSLA)进行拉伸和冲击试验,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察试验钢种的微观组织,分析Mo和B对HSLA钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明,通过控制钢种的成分和工艺,可得到具有高强度、高韧性匹配的C-Mn-Mo系HSLA钢,钢种具有贝氏体组织;在C-Mn-Mo系HSLA钢中,适当增加Mo和B的含量,可以明显提高钢种的强度,且不损害其塑韧性.     

热处理工艺对T8钢显微组织及硬度的影响

T8钢由于含碳量高,过剩碳化物极多,塑性和韧性差,若热处理工艺不合适,使材料在服役早期出现开裂和破碎的现象。通过SEM,OPM及XRD等试验方法,研究了T8钢组织和性能随球化退火时间、淬火温度及回火温度的变化。结果表明：T8钢在600℃球化退火2 h后,原始组织中的碳化物即可获得充分球化,以粒状形式细小均匀地分布在基体中,延长退火时间不显著改变碳化物的球化效果;试样经（770±10）℃保温,6 min油淬后,获得的隐晶马氏体组织硬度最高;试样经180~210℃回火1 h空冷后,消除了淬火过程中产生的残余应力,最终获得有球状碳化物均匀分布的隐晶马氏体组织,回火试样硬度较淬火态略有下降。     

锰对热轧态双相钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

用薄晶体透射电镜研究锰对热轧空冷后低碳Si—Mn双相钢的组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:钢中锰含量为1.79％时,显微组织中出现珠光体。拉伸工程应力—应变曲线有明显物理屈服延伸。钢中锰含量越少、珠光体量越多时,应力—应变曲线上屈服平台越长。锰含量大于2.09％时,轧态组织中不再出现非马氏体型转变产物珠光体。轧态组织中的马氏体岛区,由几个微区组成。这些微区分别为内孪晶马氏体区和位错板条马氏体区。     

Effects of pre-strain and baking parameters on the microstructure and bake-hardening behavior of dual-phase steel

In a typical process, C-Mn steel was annealed at 800°C for 180 s, and then cooled rapidly to obtain the ferrite-martensite microstructure. After pre-straining, the specimens were baked and the corresponding bake-hardening (BH) values were determined as a function of pre-strain, baking temperature, and baking time. The influences of pre-strain, baking temperature and baking time on the microstructure evolution and bake-hardening behavior of the dual-phase steel were investigated systematically. It was found that the BH value apparently increased with an increase in pre-strain in the range from 0 to 1%; however, increasing pre-strain from 1% to 8% led to a decrease in the BH value. Furthermore, an increase in baking temperature favored a gradual improvement in the BH value because of the formation of Cottrell atmosphere and the precipitation of carbides in both the ferrite and martensite phases. The BH value reached a maximum of 110 MPa at a baking temperature of 300°C. Moreover, the BH value enhanced significantly with increasing baking time from 10 to 100 min.     

氢离子辐照对CLAM钢微观结构的影响

利用氢离子辐照的方法研究了CLAM钢的辐照缺陷形成行为.实验发现,在基本成分的CLAM钢及添加Si的CLAM钢中都产生了辐照析出现象.耐腐蚀合金元素Cr是产生辐照析出的合金元素之一,合金元素Si对于提高CLAM钢的抗辐照析出性能具有显著作用.     

注氢诱发ODS铁素体钢中第二相分解

采用室温离子注入和低压电镜原位观察的方法,研究了注氢对国产ODS铁素体钢微观结构的影响.结果表明:原始未注氢ODS铁素体钢中存在有一定数量的(Fe,Cr)2O3,室温注氢后,(Fe,Cr)2O3无明显改变;但将其加热至450℃,(Fe,Cr)2O3即开始分解;到550℃时,部分(Fe,Cr)2O3消失,残余(Fe,Cr)2O3的成分也发生了改变.与此相反,原始未注氢ODS铁素体钢的微观结构在加热过程中却没有明显改变,(Fe,Cr)2O3并不分解.     

船用碳钢在电解压载水中的初期腐蚀行为

为研究压载水电解处理技术对压载舱腐蚀的规律,采用静态挂片失重、电化学测试以及扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究低碳钢在电解压载水中的初期腐蚀行为.结果表明:低碳钢在余氯质量浓度为7.5、17和28 mg/L的压载水中的腐蚀速度分别约为其在天然海水中的1.25、1.46和1.7倍,且余氯质量浓度越高,温度对腐蚀加速的影响越大;试样在电解压载水中的腐蚀过程由阴极反应中的传质过程控制;碳钢在余氯质量浓度为7.5和17 mg/L压载水中的腐蚀形貌留有剥蚀、断裂的特征.腐蚀产物能谱分析表明:电解压载水腐蚀产物中的氯元素含量降低,产物层对氯离子的渗入具有较强的阻碍作用.     

海洋立管风险因素敏感性分析

分析海洋立管运行的众多风险因素,建立海洋立管风险因素层次结构模型,采用改进的模糊层次分析法得出风险因素权重定量结果,分析海洋立管风险因素的敏感性强弱,识别出影响海洋立管运行的主要因素,其中第三方破坏权重最大,在立管风险增加或减少方面起的作用最大,对立管正常运行影响最大敏感性最强.     

Effect of hydrogen attack on acoustic emission behavior of low carbon steel

In order to investigate the effect of hydrogen attack degree on acoustic emission(AE) behavior of low carbon steel during tensiling, specimens made of Low carbon steel was exposed to hydrogen gas of 18 MPa at 450 and 500℃ for 240, 480 and 720 h respectively. Experimental results show that with increase of the hydrogen attack degree, the totally AE activity decreases during tensiling. In addition, the count of AE signals with high amplitude for the specimens with hydrogen attack keeps a constant which is less than that without hydrogen attack. It is concluded that AE signals originate in the specimens with hydrogen attack from intergranular fracture induced by methane blisterings or/and microcracks on grain boundaries.     

Effects of chromium on the microstructure and hot ductility of Nb-microalloyed steel

It is well-known that the surface quality of the niobium microalloy profiled billet directly affects the comprehensive mechanical properties of the H-beam. The effects of chromium on the γ/α phase transformation and high-temperature mechanical properties of Nb-microalloyed steel were studied by Gleeble tensile and high-temperature in-situ observation experiments. Results indicated that the starting temperature of the γ→α phase transformation decreases with increasing Cr content. The hot ductility of Nb-microalloyed steel is improved by adding 0.12 wt% Cr. Chromium atoms inhibit the diffusion of carbon atoms, which reduces the thickness of grain boundary ferrite. The number fractions of high-angle grain boundaries increase with increasing chromium content. In particular, the proportion is up to 48.7% when the Cr content is 0.12 wt%. The high-angle grain boundaries hinder the crack propagation and improve the ductility of Nb-microalloyed steel.     

铬对铌微合金钢显微组织和热塑性的影响分析

It is well-known that the surface quality of the niobium microalloy profiled billet directly affects the comprehensive mechanical properties of the H-beam. The effects of chromium on the γ/α phase transformation and high-temperature mechanical properties of Nb-microalloyed steel were studied by Gleeble tensile and high-temperature in-situ observation experiments. Results indicated that the starting temperature of the γ→α phase transformation decreases with increasing Cr content. The hot ductility of Nb-microalloyed steel is improved by adding 0.12wt% Cr. Chromium atoms inhibit the diffusion of carbon atoms, which reduces the thickness of grain boundary ferrite. The number fractions of high-angle grain boundaries increase with increasing chromium content. In particular, the proportion is up to 48.7% when the Cr content is 0.12wt%. The high-angle grain boundaries hinder the crack propagation and improve the ductility of Nb-microalloyed steel.     

Element distribution and diffusion behavior in Q&P steel during partitioning

Carbon, manganese, and silicon distribution in quenching and partitioning （Q＆P） steel during partitioning process was investigated to reveal the diffusion behavior. The microstructure and chemical composition were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and three-dimensional atom probe. It is shown that the studied Q＆P steel consisted of martensite laths and thin, film-like retained austenite showing extraordinary phase transformation stability. Carbon atoms mostly diffused to the retained austenite from martensite at a higher partitioning temperature. In the experimental steel partitioned at 400℃ for 10-60 s, carbides or cementite formed through carbon segregation along martensite boundaries or within the martensite matrix. As a result of carbon atom diffusion from martensite to austenite, the carbon content in martensite could be ignored. When the partitioning process completed, the constrained carbon equilibrium （CCE） could be simplified. Results calculated by the simplified CCE model were similar to those of CCE, and the difference between the two optimum quenching temperatures, where the maximum volume fraction of the retained austenite can be obtained by the Q＆P process, was little.