Geometric Gibbs theory

We extend the classical Gibbs theory for smooth potentials to the geometric Gibbs theory for certain continuous potentials. We study the existence and uniqueness and the compatibility of geometric Gibbs measures associated with these continuous potentials. We introduce a complex Banach manifold structure on the space of these continuous potentials as well as on the space of all geometric Gibbs measures. We prove that with this complex Banach manifold structure, the space is complete and, moreover, is the completion of the space of all smooth potentials as well as the space of all classical Gibbs measures. There is a maximum metric on the space, which is incomplete. We prove that the topology induced by the newly introduced complex Banach manifold structure and the topology induced by the maximal metric are the same. We prove that a geometric Gibbs measure is an equilibrium state, and the infimum of the metric entropy function on the space is zero.

     

Peeling phylogenetic ‘oranges’

We investigate the combinatorics of a topological space that is generated by the set of edge-weighted finite trees. This space arises by multiplying the weights of edges on paths in trees and is closely connected to tree reconstruction problems involving finite state Markov processes. We show that this space is a contractible finite CW-complex whose face poset can be described via a partial order on semilabelled forests. We then describe some combinatorial properties of this poset, showing that, for example, it is pure, thin and contractible.     

Geometric Gibbs theory In Memory of Professor Shantao Liao

We extend the classical Gibbs theory for smooth potentials to the geometric Gibbs theory for certain continuous potentials. We study the existence and uniqueness and the compatibility of geometric Gibbs measures associated with these continuous potentials. We introduce a complex Banach manifold structure on the space of these continuous potentials as well as on the space of all geometric Gibbs measures. We prove that with this complex Banach manifold structure, the space is complete and, moreover, is the completion of the space of all smooth potentials as well as the space of all classical Gibbs measures. There is a maximum metric on the space,which is incomplete. We prove that the topology induced by the newly introduced complex Banach manifold structure and the topology induced by the maximal metric are the same. We prove that a geometric Gibbs measure is an equilibrium state, and the infimum of the metric entropy function on the space is zero.     

Reproducing Kernels for Iterated Parabolic Operators on the Upper Half Space with Application to Polyharmonic Bergman Spaces

We consider parabolic operators of fractional order and their iterates on the upper half space of the euclidean space. We deal with Hilbert spaces of solutions of those parabolic equations. We shall show, in this note, the existence of reproducing kernels and give a formula by using their fundamental solutions. As an application, we also discuss the polyharmonic Bergman spaces and give their reproducing kernels by using the Poisson kernel on the upper half space.     

A function model for the Teichmüller space of a closed hyperbolic Riemann surface

We introduce a function model for the Teichmüller space of a closed hyperbolic Riemann surface.Then we introduce a new metric on the Teichmüller space by using the maximum norm on the function space.We prove that the identity map from the Teichmüller space equipped with the Teichmüller metric to the Teichmüller space equipped with this new metric is uniformly continuous. Moreover, we prove that the inverse of the identity, i.e., the identity map from the Teichmüller space equipped with this new metric to the Teichmüller space equipped with the Teichmüller metric, is continuous(but not uniformly). Therefore, the topology induced by the new metric is the same as the topology induced by the Teichmüller metric on the Teichmüller space.Finally, we give a remark about the pressure metric on the function model and the Weil-Petersson metric on the Teichmüller space.     

The Owen and Shapley spatial power indices: A comparison and a generalization

Spatial games take into account the position of any voter in the space. In this class of games, two main indices of political power were defined. The first by Owen (1971) and the second, by Shapley (1977), later on extended in a two-dimensional space by Owen and Shapley (1989). We propose a generalization of Owen index. We show that the method proposed by this later in which players ordering is based on the distance between bliss and political issues points, yields the Shapley index if issues can be any point in the space.     

Quantization of the Geodesic Flow on Quaternion Projective Spaces

We study a problem of the geometric quantization for the quaternionprojective space. First we explain a Kähler structure on the punctured cotangent bundleof the quaternion projective space, whose Kähler form coincides withthe natural symplectic form on the cotangent bundle and show thatthe canonical line bundle of this complex structure is holomorphicallytrivial by explicitly constructing a nowhere vanishing holomorphicglobal section. Then we construct a Hilbert space consisting of acertain class of holomorphic functions on the punctured cotangentbundle by the method ofpairing polarization and incidentally we construct an operatorfrom this Hilbert space to the L ₂ space of the quaternionprojective space. Also we construct a similar operator between thesetwo Hilbert spaces through the Hopf fiberation.We prove that these operators quantizethe geodesic flow of the quaternion projective space tothe one parameter group of the unitary Fourier integral operatorsgenerated by the square root of the Laplacian plus suitable constant.Finally we remark that the Hilbert space above has the reproducing kernel.     

An extension of the Weil–Petersson metric to quasi-Fuchsian space

We define a natural semi-definite metric on quasi-fuchsian space, derived from geodesic current length functions and Hausdorff dimension, that extends the Weil–Petersson metric on Teichmüller space. We use this to describe a metric on Teichmüller space obtained by taking the second derivative of Hausdorff dimension and show that this metric is bounded below by the Weil–Petersson metric. We relate the change in Hausdorff dimension under bending along a measured lamination to the length in the Weil–Petersson metric of the associated earthquake vector of the lamination. Martin Bridgeman research supported in part by NSF grant DMS 0305634. Edward C. Taylor research supported in part by NSF grant DMS 0305704.     

解析函数的Banach空间上之复合算子

本文研究了一类解析函数的Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ上之复合算子，这类空间包含了Ｂｌｏｃｈ空间，并且可看作Ｂｅｒｇｍａｎ空间Ｌ１ａ（Ｄ）中具有原子分解的解析函数的对偶空间．我们刻划了这类空间上紧复合算子及Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ复合算子的特征，此外，还研究了具有闭值域的复合算子．     

Stochastic Jacobi fields and vector fields induced by varying area on path spaces

Summary. We study two classes of vector fields on the path space over a closed manifold with a Wiener Riemannian measure. By adopting the viewpoint of Yang-Mills field theory, we study a vector field defined by varying a metric connection. We prove that the vector field obtained in this way satisfies a Jacobi field equation which is different from that of classical one by taking in account that a Brownian motion is invariant under the orthogonal group action, so that it is a geometric vector field on the space of continuous paths, and induces a quasi-invariant solution flow on the path space. The second object of this paper is vector fields obtained by varying area. Here we follow the idea that a continuous semimartingale is indeed a rough path consisting of not only the path in the classical sense, but also its Lévy area. We prove that the vector field obtained by parallel translating a curve in the initial tangent space via a connection is just the vector field generated by translating the path along a direction in the Cameron-Martin space in the Malliavin calculus sense, and at the same time changing its Lévy area in an appropriate way. This leads to a new derivation of the integration by parts formula on the path space. Received: 8 August 1996 / In revised form: 8 January 1997     

Extension of an abstract attainability problem with the use of the stone representation space

We consider an attainability problem in a complete metric space on values of an objective operator h. We assume that the latter admits a uniform approximation by mappings which are tier with respect to a given measurable space with an algebra of sets. Let asymptotic-type constraints be defined as a nonempty family of sets in this measurable space. We treat ultrafilters of the measurable space as generalized elements; we equip this space of ultrafilters with a topology of a zero-dimensional compact (the Stone representation space). On this base we construct a correct extension of the initial problem, realizing the set of attraction in the form of a continuous image of the compact of feasible generalized elements. Generalizing the objective operator, we use the limit with respect to ultrafilters of the measurable space. This provides the continuity of the generalized version of h understood as a mapping of the zero-dimensional compact into the topological space metrizable with a total metric.     

Convergence of subsets of a complete geodesic space with curvature bounded above

We consider a notion of set-convergence in a Hadamard space recently defined by Kimura and extend it to that in a complete geodesic space with curvature bounded above by a positive number. We obtain its equivalent condition by using the corresponding sequence of metric projections. We also discuss the Kadec–Klee property on such spaces and interaction among this set-convergence having different curvatures.     

Study of convergence of the projection-difference method for hyperbolic equations

We consider the Cauchy problem for an abstract quasilinear hyperbolic equation with variable operator coefficients and a nonsmooth but Bochner integrable free term in a Hilbert space. Under study is the scheme for approximate solution of this problem which is a combination of the Galerkin scheme in space variables and the three-layer difference scheme with time weights. We establish an a priori energy error estimate without any special conditions on the projection subspaces. We give a concrete form of this estimate in the case when discretization in the space variables is carried out by the finite element method (for a partial differential equation) and by the Galerkin method in Mikhlin form.     

Symmetric parabolic contact geometries and symmetric spaces

We discuss parabolic contact geometries carrying a smooth system of symmetries. We show that there is a symmetric space such that the parabolic geometry $ \left( {\mathcal{G}\to M,\omega } \right) $ is a fibre bundle over this symmetric space if and only if the base manifold M is a homogeneous reexion space. We investigate the conditions under which there is an invariant geometric structure on this symmetric space induced by the parabolic contact geometry.     

Composition operators on a Banach space of analytic functions

In this paper, we study composition operators on a Banach space of analytic functions, denoted byX, which includes the Bloch space. This space arises naturally as the dual space of analytic functions in the Bergman spaceL _α ¹ (D) which admit an atomic decomposition. We characterize the functions which induce compact composition operators and those which induce Fredholm operatorson this space. We also investigate when a composition operator has a closed range. Supported by NNSFC No.19671036     

Dirac-Lu space with pseudo-Riemannian metric of constant curvature

In this paper, we will discuss the geometries of the Dirac-Lu space whose boundary is the third conformal space N defined by Dirac and Lu. We firstly give the SO(3, 3) invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric with constant curvature on this space, and then discuss the timelike geodesics. Finally we get a solution of the Yang-Mills equation on it by using the reduction theorem of connections.     

On the extension of rotund norms

We constructed an extension of norms from a closed subspace of a Banach space to the whole space that preserves various types of rotundity possessed by the subspace norms. We also constructed a strictly convex norm such that a prescribed set of points lies on the unit sphere of this norm. Supported by NSERC and the Killam Trust (Canada).     

On the variational description of the trajectories of averaging quantum dynamical maps

We study the dynamics of quantum system with degenerated Hamiltonian. To this end we consider the approximating sequence of regularized Hamiltonians and corresponding sequence of dynamical semigroups acting in the space of quantum states. The limit points set of the sequence of regularized semigroups is obtained as the result of averaging by finitely additive measure on the set of regularizing parameters. We establish that the family of averaging dynamical maps does not possess the semigroup property and the injectivity property. We define the functionals on the space of maps of the time interval into the quantum states space such that the maximum points of this functionals coincide with the trajectories of the family of averaging dynamical maps.     

A lack of Ricci bounds for the entropic measure on Wasserstein space over the interval

We examine the entropic measure, recently constructed by von Renesse and Sturm, a measure over the metric space of probability measures on the unit interval equipped with the 2-Wasserstein distance. We show that equipped with this measure, Wasserstein space over the interval does not admit generalized Ricci lower bounds in the entropic displacement convexity sense of Lott–Villani–Sturm. We discuss why this is contrary to what one might expect from heuristic considerations.