Oxidation of propylene over tellurium oxides and Cd?Te?Mo?O and Mn?Te?Mo?O systems

The catalytic behavior of the Cd–Te–Mo–O and Mn–Te–Mo–O systems in the selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein has been related to the MTeMoO₆ phases in the region rich in Te and to the MMoO₄ phases with Te as dopant in the region poor in Te. In view of the possible relevance of Te⁴⁺ and Te⁶⁺ ions to catalysis, the behavior of the different forms of tellurium oxide is also discussed.

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Cd–Te–Mo–O Mn–Te–Mo–O MTeMoO₆ Te MMoO₄ Te Te. Te⁺⁴ Te⁺⁶ .

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This work was supported by the Italian C.N.R. (Roma)     

Testing the photocatalytic activity of cyanogen-and thiocyanogen-based inorganic polymers

The photocatalytic properties of some cyanogen-and thiocyanogen-based inorganic polymers, such as paracyanogens containing different metals (Hg, Ag, Cu), polythiocyanogens of different iodine contents, polycyanogen and poly (cyanogenthiocyanate), have been tested in two systems. Cu-containing paracyanogen and the iodine-poor polythiocyanogens catalyze the photoreduction of methylviologen under visible light, furthermore the Cu-containing paracyanogen catalyzes the photoreduction of water to hydrogen under UV irradiation.

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, , , , (Hg, Ag, Cu), , (), . , , , , , , -.

     

Catalytic ammoxidation of coal

Ammoxidation of coal on oxide catalyts has shown the possibility of hydrocyanic acid formation at sufficiently low temperatures.

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. .

     

Hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane catalyzed by rhodium(I) complex supported on montmorillonite clay

[Rh(I)PPh₃]⁺ intercelated in the interlamellars of montmorillonite clay catalyzes the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane at 70°C and 20 atm hydrogen pressure.

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[Rh(I)PPh₃)]⁺, -, - 70°C –20 .

     

Modifying action of carbon dioxide in catalytic oxidation of ethylene on silver

Carbon dioxide exerts a strong inhibitory effect on oxygen adsorption and complete oxidation of ethylene on silver but has little effect on the rate of ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide.

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.

     

Catalytic properties of silica-molybdenum catalysts in propylene oxidation

The activity of silica-molybdenum catalyts in propylene oxidation is shown to be determined by the partially dehydrated silica-molybdenum heteropolyacid stabilized by the SiO₂ surface.

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, , SiO₂.

     

Activation of ruthenium on silica hydrogenation catalysts

Activation of RuCl₃-impregnated silica by nitrogen-hydrogen tratment at high temperature, up to 700 °C, is superior to calcination of the material prior to reduction. Sintering hardly occurs. In addition, activity measurements, based on the liquid phase hydrogenation of benzene, and thermogravimetric analysis suggest a favorable (chemical) interaction between ruthenium and silica.

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, RuCl₃ 700°C . . , , () .

     

Benzene hydrogenation on platinum-tin bimetallic catalysts

Various catalysts were prepared by impregnating a commercial alumina with solutions containing the complex dichlorobis(trichlorostannato)platinate (II). [Pt Cl₂ (SnCl₃)₂]^2–. After reduction, 1–20 fold variations in the catalytic activity in benzene hydrogenation were observed in direct proportion to the stability of the complex in the impregnating solution.

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, — - ( ()-(II) [PtCl₂(SnCl₃)₂]^–2. , 1–20 . .

     

Studies on the active sites for dehydrocyclization reaction over Pt?Al2O3 catalysts

The work represents a search for direct evidence of the existence of low temperature and high temperature active sites over Pt–Al₂O₃ for dehydrocyclization reaction. It is suggested that the former consists of dispersed metallic Pt and the latter of super-dispersed metallic Pt or isolated atomic Pt and ionic Pt.

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- - Pt/Al₂O₃ . , Pt, Pt, Pt.

     

Combinations of alkyl radicals with alkyl and substituted allyl radicals

In contrast with expectations based upon simple collision theory, reactions of alkyl radicals with substituted allyl radicals yield cross-combination ratios of =2. Reactions of CH ₃ ^\ with some C₅ radicals give >2, in accordance with theory.

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, =2. CH₃ ^\ C₅ >2, .

     

Studies of V?Mo?O systems with small vanadium content in acrolein oxidation

A solid solution of vanadium in MoO₃ with a solubility limit of about 3 mol.% V₂O₅ is shown to be formed. Its catalytic properties are discussed.

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MoO₃ 3 . % V₂O₅ .

     

Kinetics of the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of hydroxamic acids

The acid catalyzed hydrolysis of some alkylhydroxamic acids has been studied spectrophotometrically in perchloric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Plots of the first order rate constant, k_obs against H⁺ show maxima, which are caused by protonation of the substrate. The mechanism of hydrolysis is found to be similar to that of amides. The variation of reaction rate with acid concentration can be described by a two-parameter equation.

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, , , . k_obs [H⁺] , . . .

     

Sensitization of the photoadsorption of O2 and NO on SnO2

Photoadsorption activity of SnO₂ with respect to O₂ and NO after CO chemisorption has been revealed to be drastically increased. Photoadsorption is suggested to be sensitized by surface carbonates formed due to CO chemisorption.

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. , .

     

ESR studies of Mo?Mg oxide catalysts

For 0.1–0.5 wt.% Mo–Mg oxide samples with high concentration of⁹⁵Mo isotopes two types of Mo⁵⁺ have been identified. Their role in the formation of O ₂ ^– anion-radicals in low-temperature oxygen adsorption on reduced samples has been established.

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, ⁹⁵Mo, Mo⁵⁺ Mo–Mg (0,1–0,5 .% Mo) - O ₂ ^– .

     

Surface forms of unsaturated hydrocarbons and their transformations on group VIII metals

IR-spectroscopic and kinetic studies of the surface forms of unsaturated hydrocarbons and their catalytic transformations on group VIII metals have been carried out. Data on the nature and properties of surface compounds in hydrogenation and hydrocracking reactions have been obtained, yielding the sequence of selectivities in these processes.

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- VIII . , .

     

Mutual effect of benzene and maleic acid anhydride in their adsorption on V2O5?MoO3 catalysts

TPD studies have revealed that benzene and maleic anhydride are adsorbed on different active sites of the V₂O₅–MoO₃ catalyst.

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, - .

     

Le systeme eau-theophylline

The binary system water—theophylline was studied by DTA and radiocrystallography. The slow dehydration of theophylline monohydrate was observed at room temperature at relative humidities lower than 60%, without the formation of any other hydrate. The isochoric phase diagram was established. At 78 °C, a peritectic invariant occurred, owing to decomposition of the monohydrate. The existence of only one binary compound (theophylline H₂O) was confirmed by the.Tammann diagram.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels DTA und Radiokristallographie wurde das binäre System Wasser-Theophyllin untersucht. Bei einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit unter 60% wird bei Raumtemperatur eine langsame Dehydratation von Theophyllinemonohydrat ohne Formung anderer Hydrate beobachtet. Es wurde ein isochores Phasendiagramm entwickelt. Wegen der Zersetzung des Monohydrates tritt bei 78 °C eine peritektische Invariantheit auf. Die Existenz nur einer binären Verbindung (Theophyllin, H₂O) wird mittels eines Tammanndiagrammes bekräftigt.

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— . 60% - . . 78° , . -.

     

New model of the hydroxylating enzyme system of liver microsomes: NADH-riboflavine-hemoglobin-O2

The kinetics of aniline hydroxylation to p-aminophenol by the NADH-riboflavine-hemoglobin-O₂ system has been investigated in a phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) at 37°C. At optimal concentrations of the model system components the rates of aniline oxidation are comparable with those of the enzymatic hydroxylation of aniline by rat liver microsomes. Possible paths of aniline hydroxylation in the system NADH-riboflavine-hemoglobin-O₂ are discussed.

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37°C pH 6,8 - .---O₂. . .---O₂.

     

Kinetics and mechanism of elimination of methoxyphenethyl chlorides in the gas phase

The kinetics for the gas phase elimination of o-and m-methoxy-2-phenylethyl chlorides have been investigated over the temperature range of 390-464°C and pressure range of 38–119 Torr. The reactions in seasoned vessels and in the presence of the free radical inhibitor propene, are homogeneous and unimolecular and follow a first-order rate law. The o-anisyl and p-anisyl substituents at the -position of ethyl chloride assist anchimerically the elimination processes. The formation of a cyclic product, benzodihydrofuran, from o-methoxy-2-phenylethyl chloride suggests an intimate ion pair mechanism operating in this reaction.

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- --2- 390–464°C 38–119 . - , , , . - - - . , , --2- , .

     

Iron-chromium catalysts in the conversion of methanol with water vapor

The catalytic properties of iron-chromium catalysts in methanol conversion with water vapor were studied. The activity of the catalysts is shown to depend on the method of preparation and their Cr₂O₃ content. The Cr₂O₃ admixture is found to play the role of a stabilizer of the active surface.

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. Cr₂O₃. Cr₂O₃ .