非水介质毛细管电泳

评述了与水相体系相比,非水体系电泳分离体系对分析对象的扩展、分离度和分离效率的改善、选择性的提高以及质谱检测联用技术等各方面带来的好处,同时还总结了非水介质各种参数对毛细管壁双层ζ电位、电渗流以及分离效率、分离度的影响。     

非水毛细管电泳进展

 毛细管电泳通常是在以水为溶剂的缓冲溶液中进行的,事实上以纯有机溶剂替代水介质同样可以完成特殊样品的电泳分离,且存在诸多优点。以所建立的非水毛细管电泳方法为核心,总结了该方法中有机溶剂、电解质的选择原则及溶质-添加剂相互作用模式,并综述了它在无机离子、中性物质、有机酸等化合物分离分析中的应用。71篇。     

电堆集富集非水毛细管电泳法测定麻黄碱

以乙腈为非水介质,建立了电堆集富集非水毛细管电泳法测定麻黄碱的方法。运行缓冲溶液为50mmol LNH4Ac 30mL LHAc 900mL L乙腈,未涂层石英毛细管(75μmi.d×47cm,有效长度为40cm),压力进样20s,15kV恒压电泳(25℃),检测波长为200nm。在最优实验条件下,麻黄碱可在15min内与其它组分分离,麻黄碱的线性范围为2～14μg mL,检测限为42ng mL。     

毛细管电泳进样技术新进展

评述了毛细管电泳进样技术新成果。对直接在线进样，二维分离体系中毛细管电泳分离的增样，相关毛细管电泳增样，超微量样品及单个分子的进样，近端进样，双向进样和高温下的进样装置的应用状况作了介绍。     

非水毛细管电泳在手性分离中的应用进展

对非水毛细管电泳在手性分离中的应用进展作了综述。通过总结有机溶剂、背景电解质以及手性选择剂的选择等探讨了它们对非水毛细管电泳手性分离的影响,并指出其在手性药物分离应用中的重要性和广泛性。针对这一相对较新的领域,特别对有机溶剂的选择和基础理论方面的研究以及今后发展的展望也提出了作者的见解(引用文献61篇)。     

非水毛细管电泳研究进展

毛细管电泳经过30多年的迅速发展,已经形成多模式操作、可用于多个领域的重要分离分析技术.多年来,大部分科研工作者的注意力都集中在水系毛细管电泳的研究上,而对非水体系的毛细管电泳研究重视不够.Jorgenson等[1]在1984年就已经报道了以乙腈为介质的非水毛细管电泳(NACE),近年来,更多的科学家才把他们的研究重心移向非水毛细管研究.下面就一些进展作简要综述.     

黄柏的非水毛细管电泳指纹图谱研究

采用非水毛细管电泳(NACE)法,以pH5.8的醋酸盐-甲醇为背景电解质溶液,运行电压25kV,温度20℃,检测波长210nm,正极压力(5kPa×10s)进样,建立了黄柏药材的NACE指纹图谱。以氯化两面针碱为内标,确定黄柏的NACE指纹峰为13个。测定了10个产地黄柏的NACE指纹图谱,与对照NACE指纹图谱的相似度为0.718~0.982。本方法具有较好的精密度,各指纹峰相对迁移时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)<1.5%,相对峰面积的RSD≤5%。方法可用于黄柏药材的质量控制。     

非水溶液毛细管电泳

评述了非水溶液毛细管电泳的应用及发展，对非水溶液毛细管电泳的原理及应用情况作了简要叙述，有机试剂在毛细管电泳中的加入，扩大了分析物质的范围，以纯有机试剂作电泳介质，具有许多水溶液毛细管电不能比拟的优点。     

非水介质毛细管电泳电导法检测盐酸胺碘酮

采用非水介质毛细管电泳电导检测法对盐酸胺碘酮进行检测。探讨了缓冲溶液的种类、pH和浓度、分离电压、进样时间、进样高度等因素对检测效果的影响,建立了测定盐酸胺碘酮的新方法。用乙醇作为非水介质,在30mmol L三羟甲基氨基甲烷 15mmol L柠檬酸(pH6.90)运行缓冲溶液中,盐酸胺碘酮在5～200mg L范围内的线性回归方程为y=74.94x-7.83,r=0 999。检出限(S N=3)为0.5mg L,样品回收率为98.9%。适用于含盐酸胺碘酮的药剂的分析。     

毛细管电泳与芯片毛细管电泳的双检测技术

综述了毛细管电泳和芯片毛细管电泳的3种双检测技术,包括荧光-散射等光学双检测技术、安培-非接触电导等电化学双检测技术和荧光-非接触电导等光电联用双检测技术.介绍了3种双检测方法的仪器的检测原理及应用,并展望了双检测技术的发展前景.引用文献54篇.     

非水溶液毛细管电泳手性分离

对非水溶液毛细管电泳中手性分离的研究现状和发展趋势进行了简要的评述。主要是以手性分离中所用的手性试剂为线索，对它们在非水溶液中的应用情况及其对分离度、柱效和分离选择性的影响进行综述并与水溶液中的情况作了比较。对于在水溶液中已经得到应用而在非水溶液中未被使用的部分试剂也进行了简要地解释。     

Silver (I)-Mediated Separations by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis: Nonaqueous Argentation Electrophoresis

This study represents the first application of Ag(I) charge transfer complexation in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. This method applies the principles of argentation chromatography to nonaqueous electrophoretic separations and is termed “nonaqueous argentation electrophoresis”. Since the separations are performed in 100% nonaqueous media, the advantages of nonaqueous solvents, such as enhanced solubility and flexibility in selectivity enhancement, compared to an aqueous or mixed hydroorganic solvent, are realized. A variety of compounds were separated. Qualitatively, the separation of eleven sulfonamides in 100% acetonitrile is shown to improve greatly upon the addition of Ag(I). These results also show that nonaqueous argentation electrophoresis provides fast, well-resolved separations of compounds, such as N-containing heterocyclics, that can selectively complex with Ag(I). Migration data and separation selectivities of these compounds by nonaqueous argentation electrophoresis were compared to previous aqueous argentation electrophoresis results. Selectivities were found to be significantly different for the two separation media. Ag(I) complexation provides an effective means of manipulating selectivity in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis.     

Chiral Separation of N-Benzoyl Phenylalanine Methyl Ester by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis

Theseparationofopticalisomersisarapidlygrowingareaincapillaryelectrophoresis(CE),andmostchiralseparationbyCEhavebeenperformedinaqueousbackgroundelectrolyte.Organicsolventssuchasmethanolandacetonitrilehavebeenappliedasbuffermodifiersatconcentrationtypicallynothigherthan40%inordertoincreasehydrophobicanalytesolubilityandtoimproveselectivity,resolution,ortoaltertheelectroosmoticflow(EOF)andelectrophoreticmobilityofanalyte.Buttherehavebeenonlyafewreportsonthechiralseparationusingpurenonaqueousme…     

Analysis of Calix[4]arenes Using Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis

In nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), an organic solvent is used in place of an aqueous medium as the background solution to improve the solubility and selectivity for hydrophobic analytes. In this study, we employed NACE with UV detection for the analysis of eight calix[4]arenes. We examined the influence of several parameters—the buffer composition, the nonaqueous solvent‘s composition and proportion, and the concentration of the electrolyte of the nonaqueous buffer—on the efficiency of the electrophoretic separation. The separation was achieved through the analyte's different effective mobility via different degrees of deprotonation on the phenolic OH groups of the calix[4]arene. This deprotonation can further affect the analyte's ability to form a complex with the metal ion. The optimized background electrolyte (BGE), comprising a mixture of N‐methylformamide/acetonitrile (30:70, v/v) and 100 mM AcOH/20 mM NH₄OAc, provided rapid (<11 min) separation of the calix[4]arenes with good resolution. The relative standard deviations of the migration times for the eight analytes were all less than 1%. Within the calibration concentration range, the coefficients of determination (R²) were all greater than 0.9914. Thus, the present study demonstrated NACE can provide adequate separation for the analysis of calix[4]arenes.     

非水介质毛细管电泳电化学检测日夜百服宁中的有效成分

用非水毛细管电泳电化学检测法分离检测了日夜百服宁中的有效成分，研究了电极电位，不同浓度的甲酰胺（FA），电解液浓度和酸度，电泳电压及进样时间对电泳分离的影响，得到了较为优化的测定条件。实验结果表明，在25mmol/L Tris-25mmol/L H3BO3(表观pH=8.5)运行介质中，日夜百服宁中的4种有效成分即扑热息痛（AP），盐酸伪麻黄碱（PH），氢溴酸右美沙芬（DM）和扑尔敏（CM）在12min内完全分离，检测电位为＋0．9V(vs.SCE)。线性范围分别为AP 0．5－200mg/L;PH 0.8-300mg/L;DM2.5-350mg/L;CM0.5-330mg/L；检测限分别为AP0.1mg/L;PH0.55mg/L;DM1mg/L;CM0.2mg/L。     

Application of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids as Background Electrolytes in Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Coptidis Alkaloids

Interest in ionic liquids (ILs) for their potential in analytical chemistry is increasing because they are environmentally benign and are good separation solvents. The aim of the presented investigation was to verify whether ILs would be a suitable background electrolyte (BGE) in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) for organic cations analysis of the closely related analogues. In this study, a novel and very simple NACE method has been established for analyzing seven quaternary alkaloids in Coptis rhizome using 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate-based ionic liquid as BGE. The effects of the alkyl group, imidazolium counterion (anionic part), along with the concentration of IL, are investigated and discussed. Baseline separation, high efficiencies, and symmetrical peaks of the seven alkaloids were obtained. The separation mechanism could be hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the alkaloids and the imidazolium cations. The optimum conditions were 70 mM 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (1D-3MI-TFB) methanol solution (apparent pH 2.66) and 30 kV applied voltage. The detection was performed at 254 nm. Seven quaternary alkaloids in Coptis rhizome were separated within 14 min. The proposed NACE separation procedure is highly reproducible and can be applied in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Coptidis alkaloids.     

柱前衍生非水毛细管电泳分离钴、镍和铜

提出柱前衍生非水毛细管电泳分离金属离子的方法.应用新合成的2-(6-甲基-2-苯并噻唑偶氮)-5-二乙胺基酚作为柱前衍生试剂,乙醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为非水溶剂,在6min内实现了钴、镍和铜的分离,灵敏度高,检测限分别为9.18×10^-8mol/L、2.79×10^-7mol/L和4.47×10^-7mol/L.考察了柱前衍生条件、非水溶剂配比以及分离参数对分离的影响.