数学分析的入门教学与“ε—N”语言

一、引言数学分析课程对于大学数学系本科生的学习起着重要的基础作用,但是多数学生在开始学习这门课程时,普遍感到困难,不易“入门”,为此,教师也时常感到困惑。从教学论的理论与实践知道,为了达到预     

谈逻辑思维能力的培养——平面几何入门教学札记

培养学生的逻辑思维能力,是初中平面几何教学的一项重要任务。初学平面几何,学生普遍感到困难,这是学生逻辑思维能力弱的直接表现。由于几何入门阶段内容简单,如果老师掉以轻心,将概念、作图、推理论证这三项教学互相脱节,势必影响学生逻辑思维能力的提高,加大学生学习几何的难度。因而如果在     

整式乘除运算学习中的困难分析与对策研究

本文以苏科版教材的教学安排为基础,对八年级学生整式乘除运算学习中的困难进行了分类与分析,并针对八年级整式乘除运算教学现状,提出了解决困难的相应对策.     

初中数学领域的一块敲门砖——浅谈有理数的学习

有理数是初中数学的开局之篇,教学实践中有许多学生因学习不得法而迟迟不能入 门,严重影响了学生后来的数学学习.那么怎样才能开好这个头呢?笔者以为教学中必须用全新的理念对学生的学习加以指导. 数学是初中课程中重要学科之一,《有理数》则是步入这一学科的重要门户.多年的教学实践表明,刚刚入学的新生很难在短时间内入门,特别是由于负数的引进无疑是学生的一道门坎.那么怎样才能顺利敲开这扇门呢?     

关于工科微积分中极限理论教学的讨论

极限理论是微积分学的理论基础,也是微积分入门的主要障碍之一.如何克服这一困难,是微积分教学中不得不面对的问题.本文从大小比较的角度出发阐释极限理论,提供一种从直观认识到严格认知的途径,降低极限理论的学习难度.     

《数学学习的心理基础与过程》

著者：鲍建生、周超 出版：上海教育出版社 学生是如何学习数学的？这是数学教学和数学教育研究的核心问题。学是教的前提,只有理解了学生是如何学习的、学习过程中会出现哪些困难以及如何去诊断这些困难,才能进行有效的教学。     

高一学生数学思维缺陷及矫正

许多高一新生不适应数学学习 ,在一些基础薄弱校 ,这一现象更为突出 .如果不能使这些学生度过这一“入门”阶段 ,他们也许会在高中阶段的数学学习上 ,越来越被动 ,以致完全放弃 .虽然这一问题早就存在 ,许多有经验的教师都注意到这个问题 ,也形成了各自的解决办法 ,但却没有较系统的研究 .随着越来越多的学生能接受普通高中教育 ,这个问题也就变得日益重要 .纵观过去的讨论 ,一般都从高一数学学习向学生提出新的挑战的角度 ,来解释学生学习困难的原因 .例如我们都知道 :高一数学要进入集合、映射与函数、立体几何的学习 ,这无疑在逻辑推理能…     

数学学习困难学生的心理障碍及对策研究

从数学教育角度来看,数学是中学阶段学生学习的主要科目之一,数学教学过程中课外作业较多,学生学习数学的困难也较大.研究如何帮助学生克服学习数学的困难,消除厌学情绪,真正愿学、会学、学会,是我们数学教育工作者的紧迫任务.其中“掌握学习困难学生的     

激励困难学生参与课堂教学浅尝

学习困难学生不能有效地获取新知识 ,一般有两个方面的原因 :其一 ,学习困难学生往往缺乏自我调节、自我监控能力 ,主要反映在缺乏自主学习的积极性 ;其二 ,学习困难学生经历了太多的失败体验 ,缺乏学好数学的自信心 ,具体表现在数学课上不敢发表对数学的见解、不敢提出自己的疑问(怕同学讽刺 )、缺乏与老师和同学交流的勇气等 .因此 ,学习困难学生在数学课堂教学的环境中处于弱势地位 ,难于参与课堂教学 ,若不及时引导、创设情境改变现状 ,他们的困难程度只会随着时间的推移而加重 .对此 ,我在数学教学实践中进行了一些尝试 ,创设参与机会 …     

高等数学教学渗透研究性学习的研究与实践

近年来,研究性学习逐步成为高等教育教学改革的一个热点.在高等数学教学中实施研究性学习,可以有效改变学生多年来养成的应试性学习习惯,有利于培养学生的创新精神,提高学生的数学素养.做好研究性学习与传统教学的融合与协调,是高等数学教学中开展研究性学习的重要环节之一.我们在多年教学实践的基础上,形成了在传统教学模式中渗入研究性学习的课程教学理念,提出了研究性学习与传统教学融合与协调的教学新模式,并积极探索开展研究性学习的有效途径.教学实践表明,我们的做法既能发挥传统课堂教学的高效率,有助于改变学生的学习方式,提高其自主学习能力和创新能力     

Linear birth and death models and associated Laguerre and Meixner polynomials

We study birth and death processes with linear rates λ_n = n + α + c + 1, μ_{n + 1} = n + c, n 0 and μ₀ is either zero or c. The spectral measures of both processes are found using generating functions and the integral transforms of Laplace and Stieltjes. The corresponding orthogonal polynomials generalize Laguerre polynomials and the choice μ₀ = c generates the associated Laguerre polynomials of Askey and Wimp. We investigate the orthogonal polynomials in both cases and give alternate proofs of some of the results of Askey and Wimp on the associated Laguerre polynomials. We also identify the spectra of the associated Charlier and Meixner polynomials as zeros of certain transcendental equations.     

Distributive and Multiplication Modules and Rings

We study rings in which every ideal is a finitely generated multiplication right ideal.     

Affine-inscribed and affine-circumscribed polygons and polytopes

Five theorems on polygons and polytopes inscribed in (or circumscribed about) a convex compact set in the plane or space are proved by topological methods. In particular, it is proved that for every interior point O of a convex compact set in ℝ³, there exists a two-dimensional section through O circumscribed about an affine image of a regular octagon. It is also proved that every compact convex set in ℝ³ (except the cases listed below) is circumscribed about an affine image of a cube-octahedron (the convex hull of the midpoints of the edges of a cube). Possible exceptions are provided by the bodies containing a parallelogram P and contained in a cylinder with directrix P. Bibliography: 29 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 231, 1995, pp. 286–298. Translated by B. M. Bekker.     

Partitions and pairwise sums and products

A seven cell partition of N is constructed with the property that no infinite set has all of its pairwise sums and products in any one cell. A related Ramsey Theory question is shown to have different answers for two and three cell partitions.     

Ritz and harmonic Ritz values and the convergence of FOM and GMRES

The Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are approximate eigenvalues, which can be computed cheaply within the FOM and GMRES Krylov subspace iterative methods for solving non‐symmetric linear systems. They are also the zeros of the residual polynomials of FOM and GMRES, respectively. In this paper we show that the Walker–Zhou interpretation of GMRES enables us to formulate the relation between the harmonic Ritz values and GMRES in the same way as the relation between the Ritz values and FOM. We present an upper bound for the norm of the difference between the matrices from which the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are computed. The differences between the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values enable us to describe the breakdown of FOM and stagnation of GMRES. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Beliefs and beyond: affect and the teaching and learning of mathematics

The importance of beliefs for the teaching and learning of mathematics is widely recognized among mathematics educators. In this special issue, we explicitly address what we call “beliefs and beyond” to indicate the larger field surrounding beliefs in mathematics education. This is done to broaden the discussion to related concepts (which may not originate in mathematics education) and to consider the interconnectedness of concepts. In particular, we present some new developments at the conceptual level, address different approaches to investigate beliefs, highlight the role of student beliefs in problem-solving activities, and discuss teacher beliefs and their significance for professional development. One specific intention is to consider expertise from colleagues in the fields of educational research and psychology, side by side with perspectives provided by researchers from mathematics education.