论二次型与正交变换在重积分中的某些应用

二次型与正交变换是代数学的基本内容，其用途十分广泛，而重积分的计算往往存在技术性的困难，若利用“二次型”与“正交变换”的有关理论去解决某些重积分的计算问题是颇有功效的。本文将以“二型”与“正交变换”为工具，乘法的处理了一大批重积分的问题。     

正交变换在重积分中某些应用

正交变换是代数学的基本内容 ,其用途十分广泛 .重积分的计算往往存在技术性的困难 ,若利用“正交变换”的有关理论去解决某些重积分的计算问题是颇有功效的 .本文将以“正交变换”为工具 ,简洁的处理重积分的某些问题     

关于一大类第二型曲线积分问题的教学札记

曲线积分计算往往存在技术性的困难,若利用"正交变换"(二次型)"等有关理论去解决这些计算问题,则往往有功效。文[1],[2]给出了正交变换(二次型)在重积分中应用。现将在多年的教学实践中,以"正交变换"为工具,处理了二元二次型的面积问题,简捷的处理了一大类第二型曲线积分的问题的教学方法整理出来。这些方法与结果不但对从事大学数学教学有一定的实用性,而且对从事金融数学的教学研究也有着一定参考价值.     

积分计算中的正交变换

<正> 本文通过对积分计算中正交变换的讨论,给出重积分,第一型曲线和曲面积分在正交变换下的形式不变性,从而提供一种化简某些积分的方法。     

正交变换的应用及其数学方法论意义

利用正交变换的刚体变换性质,可证明第一类曲面积分和重积分在正交变换下的不变性.因而可将其应用于简化多元函数积分计算.正交变换的此类应用充分体现了一般化、代数化、模型化的数学方法论.     

“截面法”在三重积分计算中的应用

众所周知,在三重积分的计算中,我们一般是将三重积分化为三次积分来计算.关于用“截面法”来计算三重积分,在一般高等数学教材中提及较少.实际上在某些情况下,利用“截面法”可将三重积分化为定积分来计算,使计算过程大大简化.     

用正交变换化实二次型为标准形的同步求解问题

作为《关于矩阵的特征值与特征向量同步求解问题》的续篇,利用其给出的方法,证明了新的定理.通过对实对称矩阵进行行列互逆变换,同步求出二次型的标准形及正交变换阵,简化了复杂的施密特正交化法,较好地解决了二次型标准形与正交变换阵同步求解问题.     

关于二次型的教学与应用

分析二次型与对称矩阵的对应关系,通过实例说明在实际教学中可能出现的问题.探讨正交变换的特点及其在二次型中的应用,并将此类应用推广到一般二次表达式.     

二次型在N重广义积分计算中的应用

积分上下限皆为无穷的Ｎ重广义积分，在工程技术特别是在概率论与数理统计中有着重要应用．但传统的积分方法对这类积分往往难以奏效，本文介绍一种利用二次型理论计算这类广义积分的方法．     

二次型在N重广义积分计算中的应用

积分上下限皆为无穷的N重广义积分，在工程技术特别是在要概率论与数理统计中有着重要应用，但传统的积分方法对这类积分往往难以奏效，本文介绍一种利用二次型理论计算这类广义积分的方法。     

Ritz and harmonic Ritz values and the convergence of FOM and GMRES

The Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are approximate eigenvalues, which can be computed cheaply within the FOM and GMRES Krylov subspace iterative methods for solving non‐symmetric linear systems. They are also the zeros of the residual polynomials of FOM and GMRES, respectively. In this paper we show that the Walker–Zhou interpretation of GMRES enables us to formulate the relation between the harmonic Ritz values and GMRES in the same way as the relation between the Ritz values and FOM. We present an upper bound for the norm of the difference between the matrices from which the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are computed. The differences between the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values enable us to describe the breakdown of FOM and stagnation of GMRES. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Diversity and Popularity in Organizations and Communities

This paper examines social groupings whose structure depends only on the distribution of ability to attract attention. When people&#x2018;s attention is a scarce resource, those individuals who are rated highest by a large number of other individuals will have to ration their attention, resulting in constraints on the social structure of the group. The incidence of popular individuals by that definition reflects the extent to which individuals agree on who their highest-rated colleague is. We propose three basic distributions or ways to generate the matrix of perceived ability so as to yield popularity profiles that can be parametrically adjusted to match observations. We demonstrate that each of these assumption sets leads to a slightly different correlation between the value of the assumption&#x2018;s parameter and the set of observable popularity patterns. Since popularity, in real life, often determines such things as power, centrality, over-utilization and perhaps reduced accessibility, having more realistic ways of representing it is important for modeling and understanding virtual organizations and communities.     

Multidimensional analogs of direct and converse Jackson and Bernshtein theorems and their generalizations

We obtain an instance of the multidimensional analogs of the classical direct and converse Jackson and Bernshtein-Vallée-Poussin theorems (a version stronger than those obtained by S. M. Nikol’skii) and significant generalizations of these theorems to polynomial approximations of functions of real variables from Nikol’skii and Besov spaces on bounded domains with Lipschitzian boundary. The direct theorem concerning the Nikol’skii spaces was previously obtained by Yu. A. Brudnyi and generalized to joint polynomial approximations of functions and their derivatives by B. N. Konovalov. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 608–615, April, 2000.     

Lebesgue测度等测包及其应用

利用Lebesgue测度的等测内核和等测外包讨论内外测度的一系列性质,给出外测度有限可加的一个充要条件,该条件改进了原有外测度有限可加性相关问题的结果.     

E—matrices and Several Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

AER-x.,Aiscalledanonnegative(nonPositive)matrixifau>O(a,jO(aiirtO),markedA>O(AO(i#j),auO,wecallp(A)=max{IA,l,lA,l'.-.,lAnl},(whereA,,A2,..',A"areeigenva1ueofA)asspectralradiusofA.LemmalIfAe7'.,thenareanonnegativesquarematrxBandapositivenumberksuchthatA=B-kI(whereIistheidentitymatrixofordern).ProofLetbti=…     

微言要义之数列的上下极限

本文分别从语义,数学和教学三个方面讨论上下极限与极限概念之间的差别和联系,以求厘清差别,透彻理解上下极限概念的本质.     

Singular quasilinear and Hessian equations and inequalities

We solve the existence problem in the renormalized, or viscosity sense, and obtain global pointwise estimates of solutions for quasilinear and Hessian equations with measure coefficients and data, including the following model problems:

     

Three- and Four-Dimensional Einstein-like Manifolds and Homogeneity

The aim of this paper is to study three- and four-dimensional Einstein-like Riemannian manifolds which are Ricci-curvature homogeneous, that is, have constant Ricci eigenvalues. In the three-dimensional case, we present the complete classification of these spaces while, in the four-dimensional case, this classification is obtained in the special case where the manifold is locally homogeneous. We also present explicit examples of four-dimensional locally homogeneous Riemannian manifolds whose Ricci tensor is cyclic-parallel (that is, are of type A) and has distinct eigenvalues. These examples are invalidating an expectation stated by F. Podestá and A. Spiro, and illustrating a striking contrast with the three-dimensional case (where this situation cannot occur). Finally, we also investigate the relation between three- and four-dimensional Einstein-like manifolds of type A and D'Atri spaces, that is, Riemannian manifolds whose geodesic symmetries are volume-preserving (up to sign).     

On exact and inexact differentials and applications

Considering the important role played by mathematical derivatives in the study of physical–chemical processes, this paper discusses the different possibilities and formulations of this concept and its application. In particular, in Chemical Thermodynamics, we study exact differentials associated with the so-called state functions and inexact differentials associated with path functions. As an application, we discuss the equation of state associated with a gas.     

Polytopes and arrangements: Diameter and curvature

We introduce a continuous analogue of the Hirsch conjecture and a discrete analogue of the result of Dedieu, Malajovich and Shub. We prove a continuous analogue of the result of Holt and Klee, namely, we construct a family of polytopes which attain the conjectured order of the largest total curvature.