改性聚酰胺负载丁二肟吸附富集原子吸收光谱法测定水中镍

研究了负载丁二肟的改性聚酰胺对镍的吸附和富集行为,确立了负载丁二肟的改性聚酰胺对镍的吸附洗脱条件,建立了负载丁二肟改性聚酰胺对镍富集、分离原子吸收光谱测定的分析方法。结果表明,在pH10的碱性条件下,负载丁二肟的改性聚酰胺对镍有较好的吸附行为,其吸附容量为0．5mg／g;用5mL0．6mol／L的硝酸作为洗脱液,洗脱率可达到100％;负载丁二肟的改性聚酰胺可重复使用三次,吸附率仍可高达到95％以上;方法的富集倍率为80倍;通过对地表水的测定结果令人满意。     

吸附伏安法同时测定人发中微量的钴和镍

镍和钴对人的健康有着密切的关系,人发中的微量元素往往能很好地反映出人的健康状况。电化学方法中测定痕量元素有效的阳极溶出伏安法由于镍和钴在汞中的溶解度很小而无法应用。最近报导了利用镍(Ⅱ)-丁二肟(Ni(Ⅱ)-DMG)的螯合物Ni(Ⅱ)A_2在悬汞电极(HMDE)上吸附富集的伏安法测定了水、生物物质和食品中的镍。用线性     

大量铜存在时镍的比色测定

本文报告用丁二肟法比色测定镍时,用EDTA作为铜的隐蔽剂的可能性。找出:(1)若在加丁二肟前加EDTA,则镍及铜均不能形成丁二肟络合物。(2)若在先加丁二肟再加EDTA,则丁二肟镍不变,而相应的铜络合物破坏(在强硷性溶液中破坏不完全)。文中叙述在大量铜存在时少量镍的测定法。当铜量不超过镍一千倍时,可得准确的结果。钴、锰以及大量的铬、钒及银干扰。     

茜素紫修饰的活性炭分离富集水中痕量钨(Ⅵ)的研究

拟定了用负载苯素紫的活性炭对水中的痕量钨进行预富集的方法,探讨了活性炭吸附钨及茜素紫影响活性炭对钨的吸附能力的作用机理,选择了负载茜素紫活性炭吸附和脱附钨的最佳条件。在实验条件下,100mg活性炭负载茜素紫0.5μmol后可以大大提高其对钨的吸附效果,同时除去干扰测定的金属离子,然后用分光光度法可对500mL水中0.2－600μg的钨（Ⅵ）进行准确测定,方法用一温泉水痕量钨的测定,结果令人满意,样品加标回收率为94％－98％,相对标准偏差为1.8％。     

合金钢中镍的快速测定——丁二肟直接比色法

钢铁中镍的测定,常用方法是丁二肟比色法。铁和其它干扰元素多采用柠檬酸盐及酒石酸盐络合掩蔽。但由于它们与铁生成的黄色络合物在镍与丁二肟所形成的络合物最大吸收470毫微米处有较大的光吸收,因此不分离铁及其他干扰元素测定镍时,一般都是选择灵敏度较低的530毫微米处进行比色测定。根据兄弟单位的经验,我们采用焦磷酸钠掩蔽铁。通过实验表明,50毫克铁存在时,焦磷酸钠的合适     

负载8-羟基喹啉的活性炭吸附富集吸光光度法测定水中痕量钼

拟定了用负载8-羟基喹啉的活性炭对水中痕量钼(Ⅵ)进行预富集的方法,探讨了活性炭吸附钼(Ⅵ)及有机试剂的作用机理。在试验条件下,100mg活性炭负载8-羟基喹啉后可提高对钼(Ⅵ)的吸附效果,同时除去干扰离子,用吸光光度法测定水中痕量钼(Ⅵ),结果满意。     

负载8－羟基喹啉的活性炭吸附富集吸光光度法测定水中痕量铜

拟定了用负载8-羟基喹啉的活性炭对水中痕量铂(Ⅵ)进行预富集的方法，探讨了活性炭吸附钼(Ⅵ)及有机试剂的作用机理。在试验条件下，100mg活性炭负载8-羟基喹啉后可提高对钼(Ⅵ)的吸附效果，同时除去干扰离子，用吸光光度法测定水中痕量钼(Ⅵ)，结果满意。     

半微量法快速示波极谱测定微量镍和钴

在单扫描示波极谱仪上,镍和钴的丁二肟络合物极谱催化波有灵敏、稳定及波峰清晰的特点。国内自提出以磺基水杨酸掩蔽铁后,镍钴连续测定在矿石分析中已得到了应用。但我们发现铁(Ⅲ)对镍、钴的测定仍有一定的影响,本文结合区域化探与铁矿中微量镍、     

新显色剂7-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸的合成及用于镍的光度测定

目前,含有肟类官能团的各种试剂是公认的分光光度测定镍的试剂。但这类试剂灵敏度往往不高,不能满足微量测定的要求。从许多资料(见表3)发现:具有官能团的显色试剂同样是测定镍的有效试剂。而这些试剂以及包括丁二肟在内的肟类试剂均采用碱性介质进行显色和测定,这就在一定程度上影响了试剂的选择性和使用的广泛性。Саввин等人曾合成了烷基噻唑偶氮类染料,但作为显色剂使用时灵敏度并不高。我     

活性炭柱吸附富集-分光光度法测定饮用水中痕量钼(Ⅵ)

提出了一种预富集水中痕量钼(VI)的新方法,研究了影响Mo α 安息香肟螯合物定量吸附于活性炭柱上的参数,找出了最佳吸附解吸时的条件。该方法避免了用活性炭作为吸附材料的常规方法中,活性炭只能使用一次的间歇式操作,以及用浓硝酸解吸这种费时污染大的解吸方法,同时用NaOH解吸时,大部分金属离子以氢氧化物沉淀的形式留在活性炭上,减少了干扰。该法已用于测定水中痕量钼(Ⅵ),加标回收率达到94.6%～101.4%,RSD3.6%～8.6%。     

Trace Enrichment and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead,Copper, Cadmium and Nickel in Drinking Water Samples by Use of an Activated Carbon Column

Abstract

A simple method for atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead, copper, cadmium and nickel in drinking water samples after preconcentration by sorbing 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol (PAN) complex of these metals on an activated carbon column has been established. The metal/PAN complexes were quantitatively retained on the activated carbon in the pH range 6-8. Metals retained on the activated carbon column were completely eluted with 2M HCl in acetone. This method was applied to the determination of lead, copper, cadmium and nickel in drinking water samples and good results were obtained (Recoveries >95%, relative standard deviations <7%, relative error <3%).     

On-line preconcentration and determination of nickel in natural water samples by flow injection-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (FI-ICP-OES)

An on-line nickel preconcentration and determination system implemented with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) associated to flow injection (FI) was studied. Trace amounts of nickel were preconcentrated by sorption on a conical minicolumn packed with activated carbon (AC) at pH 5.0. The nickel was removed from the minicolumn with 20% nitric acid. An enrichment factor of 80-fold for a sample volume of 50 ml was obtained. The detection limit (DL) value for the preconcentration method proposed was 82 ng l⁻¹. The precision for ten replicate determinations at the 0.5 μg l⁻¹ Ni level was 3.0% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), calculated from the peak heights obtained. The calibration graph preconcentration method for nickel was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 at levels near the detection limits (DL) up to at least 100 μg l⁻¹. The method was successfully applied to the determination of nickel in natural water samples.     

石墨烯负载镍催化CO_2加氢甲烷化

采用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),经水合肼还原得到石墨烯(RGO),通过浸渍法制备了石墨烯负载的镍基催化剂(Ni/RGO);对其催化二氧化碳甲烷化反应的性能进行了研究,并与以碳纳米管(CNTs)和活性炭(AC)为载体负载的Ni基催化剂进行了比较.由于催化剂的载体分别为RGO,CNTs和AC,所以Ni将会表现出不同的形态.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面积(BET)测试、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段对其结构及物理性质进行了表征.结果表明,Ni/RGO具有相对较大的比表面积(316 m~2/g),Ni在Ni/RGO上的颗粒尺寸(5.3 nm)小于其在Ni/CNTs(8.9 nm)和Ni/AC(11.6 nm)上的颗粒尺寸;该催化剂在二氧化碳甲烷化反应中具有更高的催化活性和选择性,而且具有良好的使用寿命.     

Simultaneous enrichment of aluminium and lead with cupferron on activated carbon for determination in milk and fruit juices by atomic absorption spectrometry

An enrichment method has been modified for the determination of Al in animal milk and fruit juices by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The samples were digested by wet ashing. 8-Hydroxyquinoline and cupferron were used as complexing reagents for adsorption of the Al complexes on activated carbon. The pH values for maximum recovery of Al were in the ranges 4.4–6.0 for cupferron and 8.0–9.0 for oxine. The relative standard deviation was 4% for an aluminium concentration of 120 gL^–1 using cupferron. Optimum conditions for lead enrichment were taken from previous work on the cupferronactivated carbon enrichment method. The optimized procedure was applied to the determination of Al and Pb in animal milk and fruit juices by FAAS. Simultaneous enrichment of these two elements was achieved at the same pH.     

Studies about the desorption of volatile halocarbons from activated carbon by application of static headspace gas chromatography

The analysis of volatile halocarbons (VHCs) in air or ground air is often performed after their adsorption and enrichment on activated carbon. The current procedure for their subsequent determination is based on their extraction from the activated carbon with a volatile organic solvent such as n-pentane, followed by gaschromatographic (GC) analysis. In order to avoid extraction steps, the static headspace method in combination with GC analysis using diphenylmethane as a desorption agent has been applied. Satisfactory desorption rates for the chloromethanes, for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene and for tetrachloroethene have been obtained after a sample equilibration of 45 min at 120° C in the presence of diphenylmethane. The results have shown a higher recovering rate especially of the unsaturated VHCs compared to the extraction with n-pentane, whereby a potential loss of analytes by the latter procedure has been avoided.     

Studies about the desorption of volatile halocarbons from activated carbon by application of static headspace gas chromatography

The analysis of volatile halocarbons (VHCs) in air or ground air is often performed after their adsorption and enrichment on activated carbon. The current procedure for their subsequent determination is based on their extraction from the activated carbon with a volatile organic solvent such as n-pentane, followed by gaschromatographic (GC) analysis. In order to avoid extraction steps, the static headspace method in combination with GC analysis using diphenylmethane as a desorption agent has been applied. Satisfactory desorption rates for the chloromethanes, for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene and for tetrachloroethene have been obtained after a sample equilibration of 45 min at 120 degrees C in the presence of diphenylmethane. The results have shown a higher recovering rate especially of the unsaturated VHCs compared to the extraction with n-pentane, whereby a potential loss of analytes by the latter procedure has been avoided.     

固相微萃取活性炭涂层萃取头的制备及其对卤代烃化合物的萃取

利用自制的有机硅树脂胶粘剂和粉状活性炭制成活性炭涂层萃取头。该萃取头富集能力强,对氯仿、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯4种卤代烃化合物的富集率达到13.8~18.7倍;热稳定性好,最高使用温度可达290 ℃;使用寿命长,250 ℃解吸条件下可反复使用140次以上。上述4种化物固相微萃取-气相色谱分析的结果表明,方法的最低检出质量浓度为0.008~0.05 μg/L。采用该萃取头对含有该4种卤代烃化合物的实际水样进行了SPME-GC分析,4种化合物的回收率为95.5%~104.6%。     

Multielement determination of heavy metals in water samples by continuous powder introduction microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry after preconcentration on activated carbon

A novel continuous powder introduction microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry method (CPI-MIP-AES) has been developed for trace determination of metals in ground and tap water samples after preconcentration on activated carbon. The experimental setup consisted of integrated rectangular cavity TE₁₀₁ and vertically positioned plasma torch. The technical arrangement of the sample introduction system has been designed based on the fluidized bed concept. The satisfactory signal stability required for sequential analysis was attained owing to the vertical plasma configuration, as well as the plasma gas flow rate compatibility with sample introduction flow rate. The elements of interest (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) were preconcentrated in a batch procedure at pH 8–8.5 after addition of activated carbon and then, after filtering and drying of the activated carbon suspension, introduced to the MIP by the CPI system. An enrichment factor of about 1000-fold for a sample volume of 1 l was obtained. The detection limit values for the proposed method were 17–250 ng l⁻¹. The proposed method was validated by analyzing the certified reference materials: SRW “Warta” Synthetic River Water and BCR CRM 399 major elements in freshwater. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the heavy metals in tap water samples.     

On-line preconcentration with different solid adsorbents for lead determination

An on-line column preconcentration method based on the combined use of ammonium O,O-diethyldithiophosphate and activated carbon or polyurethane foam as adsorbents has been developed for the determination of Pb in water samples. The complexed Pb was eluted with ethanol and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimum preconcentration conditions are given for each adsorbent. The enrichment factors were 63 and 294, and the detection limits (3sigma) 3 microg L(-1) and 0.8 microg L(-1), respectively, for the carbon and foam systems. When the optimized procedures were applied to the determination of Pb in water samples the recovery efficiency was > 96%.     

不同活性炭负载的镍基催化剂上废塑料裂解制碳纳米管性能

以椰壳炭、竹炭和木炭三种活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备炭负载金属镍的催化剂,考察其在废塑料裂解制备碳纳米管过程中的催化反应性能;采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉曼光谱仪、同步热分析仪、比表面积分析仪等手段分析了催化剂和产物碳纳米管的形貌和结构。结果表明,椰壳活性炭为载体制备的镍基催化剂上碳纳米管产量最高、石墨化程度最好。以椰壳活性炭为载体制备的镍基催化剂为例,研究了反应温度和镍负载量对其催化性能的影响。