一种用表面增强拉曼光谱进行免疫检测的方法

一种结合表面增强拉曼(SERS)技术和纳米粒子标记技术,通过银增强来实现免疫检测的方法。将p-巯基苯甲酸(MBA)作为探针,固定在免疫金溶胶粒子表面形成纳米标记,其与被基底捕获抗原分子发生免疫识别。通过银增强技术,在"三明治"结构对探针进行拉曼检测。     

Study of Raman spectrum of uranium using a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering technique

Raman spectroscopic investigation on weak scatterers such as metals is a challenging scientific problem. Technologically important actinide metals such as uranium and plutonium have not been investigated using Raman spectroscopy possibly due to poor signal intensities. We report the first Raman spectrum of uranium metal using a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐like geometry where a thin gold overlayer is deposited on uranium. Raman spectra are detected from the pits and scratches on the sample and not from the smooth polished surface. The 514.5‐ and 785‐nm laser excitations resulted in the Raman spectra of uranium metal whereas 325‐nm excitation did not give rise to such spectra. Temperature dependence of the B_3g mode at 126 cm⁻¹ is also investigated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Microbiological identification by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

New methods for pathogens identification are of growing interest in clinical and food sectors. The challenge remains to develop rapid methods that are more simple, reliable, and specific. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) appears to be a promising tool to compete with current untargeted identification methods. This article presents the intensive research devoted to the use of SERS for bacterial identification, from the first to the very recent published results. Compared to normal Raman spectroscopy, the introduction of nanoparticles for SERS acquisition introduces a new degree of complexity. Bacterial Raman fingerprints, which are already subject to high spectral variability for a given strain, become then very dependent on numerous experimental parameters. To overcome these limitations, several approaches have been proposed to prepare the sample, from the microbiological culture conditions to the analysis of the spectrum including the coupling of nanoparticles on the bacterial membrane. Main strategies proposed over the last 20 years are examined here and discussed in the perspective of a protocol transfer towards industry.     

银胶体系中皮考酸的原位变温表面增强拉曼散射研究

研究了温度对皮考酸(2-吡啶羧酸)分子在银胶体系中表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)谱的影响。变温范围在22℃～80℃时,皮考酸吸附在银纳米颗粒表面的SERS谱是可逆的,说明银胶体系在此温度范围内是一种稳定的SERS活性基底。银胶与皮考酸的混合液在持续加热的过程中,SERS谱的整体强度增强,但各谱峰的相对强度变化不大,分析认为在22℃～80℃范围内,皮考酸分子在银纳米颗粒表面的吸附方式基本不变,一直以羧基和N原子上的孤对电子共同作用侧立吸附在银纳米颗粒表面,文中还解释了SERS强度整体增强的原因。     

X-射线拉曼散射(XRS)

在讲述X-射线拉曼散射(谱)的基本原理, 实验设备及应用之前, 介绍了我国第四代光源(即第三代同步辐射光源)及其基本结构、特性, 这些是光物理研究中必备条件。此外, 与已有的元激发光谱作了比较; 最后还指出可能的发展方向。     

拉曼增益系数可分离光纤中的受激拉曼散射

给出了拉曼增益系数分离光纤的定义,在考虑了N个单色光之间的两两受激拉曼散射,得到了这种光纤中单向传输的N个不同的单色光之间的受激拉曼散射（SRS）稳态耦合波方程的解析解。它适用于各单色光功率任意大小、光频率分布不均匀时的一般情况。这一结果可应用于光纤通信系统、拉曼光纤放大器和拉曼光纤激光器的设计与分析。最后把解析解与数值解进行了比较,两者取得了很好的一致。     

基于纳米锥森林结构的表面增强拉曼散射透明器件研究

具有无损、超灵敏和实时检测优点的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)器件具有重要研究意义。目前,针对SERS器件的大部分研究都围绕着非透明的器件展开。使用此类器件检测高浓度试剂时,激光只能从正面入射。这意味着入射激光需要穿透被测试剂分子层才能到达位于其下方的金属纳米结构表面,因此用于激发金属纳米结构表面等离子体共振(SPR)的激光能量被减弱,相应地,SERS光谱信号也被减弱;此外,SERS光谱信号因被测试剂分子层的遮挡,无法高效返回到电荷耦合元件(CCD)中,再次被大幅度减弱,甚至有可能完全无法被检测到。相比之下,如果使用透明SERS器件,检测过程中将被测试剂分子置于器件正面,激光从器件背面入射,此时高浓度被测试剂分子层对入射激光和SERS光谱信号的干扰最小。这种情况下,可以得到较好的光谱信号。通过在石英基底上旋涂聚酰亚胺(PI)层,然后通过氧等离子体对PI层进行无掩模轰击,在石英基底上自行生成纳米纤维掩模,配合反应离子刻蚀工艺(RIE)制备了石英纳米锥森林结构。之后,通过金属纳米颗粒溅射工艺,得到SERS透明器件。对于该SERS透明器件,在测试过程中,拉曼激光可从器件的正面以及背面分别入射。初步的测试结果表明,对于罗丹明6G(R6G)在10^-3~10^-6 mol·L^-1这一浓度范围内,背面入射方式收集的SERS光谱信号强度高于正面入射方式。另外,进一步研究了该SERS透明器件背面检测的一致性,得到了良好的结果,证明了其在实际生化检测中的可行性。这一工作有望扩展SERS在分析物检测领域中的应用。     

Applications of Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Techniques to Humic Substances

This paper highlights the use of Raman, FT-Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques for the study of humic substances. In contrast to other technologies which reveal information only about the average compositions and the kinds of functional groups present in humic substances, Raman and especially FT-Raman spectroscopies characterize the building blocks of humic substances and their changes in derivation and separation processes. Furthermore, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques are able to readily detect humic substances and co-existing organic species at low concentrations typically found in natural environments and reveal definitive information about the specific groups in humic substances that bind on metal electrodes. Further applications of both Raman and SERS techniques can be extended to complicated systems as well as real environmental samples. Experiments have demonstrated: (1). the backbones of humic substances are structurally disordered carbon networks in most cases; (2). The backbones of humic substances from different sources and types are similar to each other; (3). Normal Raman spectroscopic study of humic substances should concentrate on the use of near-IR laser(s) resulting from strong fluorescence background and self-adsorption under the excitation with visible laser irradiation; (4). FT-Raman spectroscopy is the required analytical method to assess the effectivity of fractionation methods; (5). SERS spectra of humic substances on metal colloids and films are in most aces very similar to the corresponding Raman spectra of neutralized samples; (6). SERS techniques are very sensitive and highly selective, also both visible lasers and near-IR lasers can be used for SERS study; (7). SERS spectra on metal electrodes may provide additional information about the binding sites and adsorption mechanisms of humic substances on metal surfaces.     

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in herbal medicine

Raman spectroscopic techniques are a group of chemical fingerprint detection methods based on molecular vibrational spectroscopy. They are compatible with aqueous solutions and are time saving, nondestructive, and highly informative. With complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) becoming increasingly popular, more people are consuming natural herbal medicines. Thus, chemical fingerprints of herbal medicines are investigated to determine the content of these products. In this study, I review the different types of Raman spectroscopic techniques used in fingerprinting herbal medicines, including dispersive Raman spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform (FT)–Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, and confocal/microscopic Raman spectroscopy. Lab-grade Raman spectroscopy instruments help detect the chemical components of herbal medicines effectively and accurately without the need for complicated separation and extraction procedures. In addition, portable Raman spectroscopy instruments could be used to monitor the health and safety compliance of herbal products in the consumer market.     

玻璃陶瓷PWG中的喇曼耦合系数对Raman散射的影响

应用修正的无序诱导散理论模型讨论了玻璃陶瓷（PbF2 WO3 GeO(PWG)中的喇曼耦合系数对Raman散射过程的影响。虽然普遍认为喇曼耦合系数是随频率而变化,但实际上它是空间相关函数的Furier分量,因此,严格地讲喇曼耦合系数是随动量（波矢q)而变化的,因而,玻璃陶瓷中的喇曼耦合系数描述了在Raman散射过程中发生在玻璃陶瓷中的动量交换相互作用。对于PWG中热活性拓动态的光谱分布曲线分析说明：指数衰减关系的卷积定性地表示了这个耦合系数。证明了简谐势与耦合系数有关的空间相关函数之和给出了非常类似于双阱势的畸变谐函数,根据弛豫模行为讨论了结合势的相关性。     

塑料光纤拉曼散射的研究

给出了聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂(PMMA)塑料光纤(POF)的一级受激拉曼散射光谱,研究了一级斯托克斯光谱特点,测试了它的阈值,带宽,分析了拉曼光谱的形成机制,并将塑料光纤的拉曼光谱和石英光纤的拉曼光谱进行了比较。     

SERS标记免疫金溶胶的影响因素研究

将表面增强拉曼光谱(SIERS)的高度灵敏性应用于标记免疫检测,具有很大的意义。在“固相抗体-待测抗原-标记抗体”夹心复合物体系中,以(SERS)标记的金溶胶与抗体结合,制备标记抗体。以芳香族化合物苯硫酚为标记分子,与一定大小粒径的金纳米粒子形成S-Au键,生成带有SERS信号的标记金溶胶。表面带负电荷的标记金溶胶与带有正电荷基团的抗体形成牢固的标记免疫金溶胶。从金纳米粒子粒径的选择、在金溶胶中加入苯硫酚的量及反应时间、抗体对标记金溶胶标记分子的SERS信号的影响进行了研究。     

CTAB对四-(4-N-甲基吡啶)卟啉SERS谱的影响

研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)对四 ( 4 N 甲基吡啶 )卟啉 (H2 TMPyP)及其银配合物 (AgTMPyP)在Ag胶中的表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS)谱的影响 .SERS光谱表明 ,吸附于Ag胶粒的H2 TMPyP与衬底银原子结合形成AgTMPyP ,加入CTAB后 ,部分AgTMPyP表面络合物还原为H2 TMPyP .相似的去金属化反应也出现在AgTMPyP/Ag胶 /CTAB体系中 .CTAB的加入使SERS谱带强度明显增加 .AgTMPyP的去金属化被认为是由于CTAB的存在使Ag胶颗粒表面附近微环境发生改变     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of L‐tryptophan

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of tryptophan (Trp) were obtained. A unique SERS spectrum of Trp, corresponding to the most stable conformation and orientation on the metal surface, is observed after a stabilization period. The Trp molecules interact with the surface through both the carboxylate and amino groups; the aliphatic moiety is close to the surface. The pyrrole ring of the indole moiety is farther from the surface than the benzene fragment. The observed spectra vary depending on both the preparation of the silver colloid and the aggregation time. The interpretation of the experimental results is supported by theoretical treatment of the molecule on the silver surface. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman spectra of benzoic acid enhanced by the silver nanoparticles of various sizes

Using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, MW = 10 000) as the stabilizer, we obtained silver nanoparticles of various diameters (8–78 nm) from silver nitrate aqueous solutions in the concentration range from 0.001 to 0.1 M. The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from benzoic acid's ring‐breathing mode at 1003 cm⁻¹ was detected from its dilute solutions (∼10⁻² M) doped with these silver nanoparticles under 488‐nm laser excitation. The observed size dependences of SERS intensities fit quite well with those calculated by Schatz's theoretical model for spherical silver nanoparticles. The only exception occurred with the smallest particles (8 nm), possibly due to the failure of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory used in this model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纺织品中邻苯二甲酸酯的表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测

随着绿色纺织理念的不断深入,国际上对于纺织品中的有毒有害化学品越来越重视。纺织品中常用的邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)具有生殖毒性、致突变和致癌性,可通过空气、水、食物三大途径进入人体,干扰人体的内分泌系统。由于PAEs对生态系统和公共卫生环境潜在不利的影响,近年来引起越来越多人们的关注。目前,检测PAEs的方法主要是色谱法和色-质联用法,这些方法虽然灵敏度高,但是存在着前处理繁琐复杂,耗时久,检测成本高,需要专业技术人员等缺点,不适合生产过程中的快速分析。而其他方法如,酶联免疫法等研究较少,且存在样品基质干扰,易出现假阳性等问题。因此,建立纺织品中邻苯二甲酸酯的快速分析技术具有重要意义。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)作为一种分子振动光谱可提供丰富的分子结构信息,具有极高的灵敏度,广泛应用于食品安全、环境监测和国家安全等领域。研究中提出并建立了一种结合便携式拉曼光谱仪,利用SERS实现纺织品中邻苯二甲酸酯的快速定量检测方法。首先利用水合肼将非水溶性的邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物转化为水溶性的邻苯二甲酰肼。同时,利用纳米金溶胶作为SERS基底,使转化后的邻苯二甲酰肼吸附于金溶胶表面,从而实现其拉曼信号的放大与检测。结果表明,通过这种方法,可实现多种邻苯二甲酸酯的快速检测。进一步研究还表明,在5~150 mg·L^-1范围内,邻苯二甲酸酯浓度与其拉曼光谱强度呈线性关系,线性方程为Y=139.04X+5 465.32,相关系数为0.993 0,检出限为5 mg·L^-1。利用该方法,还实现了不同纺织品中多种邻苯二甲酸酯的快速检测,加标回收率达80%以上,且不受纺织品中其他成分的干扰。所建立表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法操作简便、成本低且结果准确,适用于纺织品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的快速定量检测。     

单模石英光纤受激拉曼散射温度特性研究

研究了在不同温度下单模石英光纤的受激拉曼散射光谱,从实验和理论上分析了温度对拉曼散射光谱特性的影响,在脉冲调Q倍频YAG激光的泵浦作用下,获得了石英光纤一级斯托克斯光的拉曼频移、带宽及光强随温度的变化规律。实验表明随着温度的升高,拉曼频移逐渐增大,在一定的温度范围内拉曼频移和温度成线性关系。在相同的泵浦功率作用下,当温度较低时,拉曼光谱的级次较低, 低温对高阶斯托克斯光有抑制作用; 温度越低其阈值越高;而拉曼光谱的谱线宽度随温度的变化不是线性的,存在一个谱线宽度极大值点。理论和实验表明温度对光纤受激拉曼散射的光谱特性有直接的影响。     

金属胶体吸附的表面增强拉曼散射研究进展

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种非常有效的表征金属表面单分子层吸附状态的工具，本文介绍了表面增强拉曼散射研究金属胶体吸附的实验方法、研究进展、应用范围及前景。     

应用银溶胶膜探测水中抗生素的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

以自组装法制备的银溶胶膜为表面增强拉曼散射活性基底实现了对水中抗生素的痕量检测。采用微波加热法制备银溶胶,自组装法制备银溶胶膜。通过改变银溶胶的pH值及镀膜的次数,研究其对抗生素增强效果的影响。实验发现,采用不同pH值的银溶胶镀膜所获得的银溶胶膜的增强效果有很大差异,当银溶胶pH=4,且镀膜次数为五次时,增强效果最佳。以此银溶胶膜为基底对三种抗生素(氯霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星)进行了SERS检测,可以检测到的最低浓度分别为120,15,120 nmol·L-1。结果表明,利用改进方法制备的银溶胶膜,可以对水中抗生素进行痕量检测,为实现养殖水中残留抗生素的检测提供了方法。     

硼砂饱和溶液的差示FTIR光谱和Raman光谱分析

记录了硼砂饱和溶液的差示FTIR光谱和Raman光谱 ,分别对其FTIR吸收波数和Raman位移进行了归属。该溶液中硼的存在形式有H3 BO3 ,B(OH) -4,B3 O3 (OH) 2 -5,B4O5(OH) 2 -4等。提出了硼砂饱和溶液中硼氧配阴离子的存在形式及其与析出Na2 B4O7·10H2 O固相的关系。