CuI晶体及其缺陷态电子结构的模拟

利用相对论密度泛函理论和嵌入分子团簇方法,模拟计算了具有闪锌矿结构的γ态CuI晶体及其缺陷态的电子结构。结果显示晶体的本征能级结构:价带顶主要由I5p和Cu3d轨道杂化组成,导带底由Cu4s轨道组成,禁带宽度为3.1eV,该结果与实验相符。在不同缺陷态的计算中,四面体间隙铜缺陷相对其他间隙缺陷更易于在晶体中形成,其中Cu3d→4s跃迁能量为3.2eV,推测与CuI晶体发光密切相关。     

Co,N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

二氧化钛（TiO₂）作为一种性能优良的光催化剂已经被广泛地研究和使用.本研究中利用了第一性原理和GGA+U方法,对锐钛矿结构TiO₂晶体三种可能的（Co,N）共掺杂体系的几何结构、形成能、电子结构和光吸收系数进行了研究,并与单掺杂（Co/N）体系进行了对比.结果表明,在三种共掺杂TiO₂中,Co与N相邻时晶格畸变最小,但掺杂原子周围晶格畸变较大;同时,较低的形成能表明此种共掺杂结构最容易形成;此外,因为C0与N成键,其杂质能级的数目与能量较其他共掺杂结构有较大差异.（Co,N）共掺杂体系与未掺杂TiO₂的相比,其禁带宽度较小,禁带中存在杂质能级,因此其吸收边红移,在可见光波段有较好的光吸收能力.故（Co,N）共掺杂可以很好地提升锐钛矿型TiO₂在可见光波段的光催化性能.     

Co,N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

二氧化钛(TiO2)作为一种性能优良的光催化剂已经被广泛地研究和使用. 本研究中利用了第一性原理和GGA+U方法, 对锐钛矿结构TiO2晶体三种可能的(Co,N)共掺杂体系的几何结构、形成能、电子结构和光吸收系数进行了研究, 并与单掺杂(Co/N)体系进行了对比. 结果表明, 在三种共掺杂TiO2中, Co与N相邻时晶格畸变最小, 但掺杂原子周围晶格畸变较大;同时, 较低的形成能表明此种共掺杂结构最容易形成;此外, 因为Co与N成键, 其杂质能级的数目与能量较其他共掺杂结构有较大差异. (Co,N)共掺杂体系与未掺杂TiO2的相比, 其禁带宽度较小, 禁带中存在杂质能级, 因此其吸收边红移, 在可见光波段有较好的光吸收能力. 故(Co,N)共掺杂可以很好地提升锐钛矿型TiO2在可见光波段的光催化性能.     

Oxidative decomposition mechanisms of lithium peroxide clusters: an Ab Initio study

Oxidative decomposition of solid lithium peroxide is an important part of the charging process in a Li-O₂ battery. In this paper, we investigate oxidative decomposition mechanisms of lithium peroxide clusters as molecular models for solid lithium peroxide using density functional methods to understand charging processes in advanced energy storage systems. Most calculations are done using a (Li₂O₂)₄ cluster with similar results obtained from a larger (Li₂O₂)₁₆ cluster. Reaction pathways of the clusters involving different sequences of oxidation, oxygen evolution, lithium cation removal, and spin excitation are investigated. The computations suggest that certain oxidative decomposition routes may not have dependence on the oxygen evolution or Li-ion removal kinetics due to the exothermicity of oxygen removal and Li⁺ removal (by solvent) upon oxidation. The computed charge potentials evaluated using a tetramer model indicates that it is possible to have low overcharge potential provided there exists a good electronic conductivity to facilitate the oxidative decomposition. Finally, oxidation potentials of a series of Li_xO_y clusters are investigated to assess their dependence on stoichiometry and how the local site from which the electrons are being removed affects the charge potentials.     

CdS掺Mg和Ni电子结构和光学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,对闪锌矿结构CdS和CdS∶M(M=Mg,Ni)几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度和光学性质进行了系统的研究。几何结构研究对掺杂后体系晶格常量进行了优化计算,结果表明Mg和Ni原子掺入CdS后晶格常量均减小,晶格发生局部畸变。进一步研究了掺杂对体系电子结构的影响,能带结构和电子态密度分析表明由于Ni 3d电子的引入使CdS∶Ni成为半金属铁磁半导体,而Mg 3s电子的引入CdS∶Mg带隙变宽。另外,体系掺杂后,吸收系数分析表明掺杂导致吸收峰在可见光波长区域变化显著,且掺Ni导致吸收峰进一步向长波方向移动。     

Ab Initio Study of Structural and Electronic Properties of Sodium Bromide

The structural and electronic properties of sodium bromide （NaBr） are investigated by the density functional theory （DFT） within the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） for the exchange and correlation energy. The equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are obtained by fitting the calculated total energy to the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The band structure along the higher symmetry axes in the Brillouin zone, the density of states （DOS） and the partial density of states （PDOS） are presented. The results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.     

Electronic and Optical Properties of Cubic SrHfO3

In order to clarify the mechanism of optical transitions for cubic SrHfO₃, we have investigated the electronic structure and optical properties of cubic SrHfO₃ using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on the first-principles density-functional theory (DFT). The ground-state properties, obtained by minimizing the total energy, are in favorable agreement with the previous work. From the band structure and charge densities as well as the theory of crystal-field and molecular-orbital bonding, we have systematically studied how the optical transitions are affected by the electronic structure and molecular orbitals. Our calculated complex dielectric function is in good agreement with the experimental data and the optical transitions are in accord with the electronic structure.     

锂掺杂氧化锌复合缺陷电子结构的杂化密度泛函研究

利用第一原理计算以及杂化密度泛函方法研究了锂掺杂氧化锌的各种缺陷态的电子结构,并通过缺陷形成能考察其在不同气氛中的能量稳定性. 计算结果表明,在通常的气氛条件下,锂离子占据间隙位置和锂离子替换锌离子形成的复合缺陷具有最低的形成能. 锂掺杂氧化锌中,复合缺陷对的形成使氧化锌很难实现p型导电. 然而,当气氛从富锌环境转变到极端氧环境时,锂替代锌离子的缺陷将更加稳定,其形成能将低于锂间隙和锂替代锌复合缺陷的形成能. 因此,锂掺杂氧化锌可以通过在氧气氛中生长,或在富含氧气气氛中退火得到有效的p型电导.     

非传统超导PuCoGa5晶体结构和电子性质的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论的全势能线性缀加平面波方法（FLAPW）,采用局域自旋密度近似（LSDA）及LSDA+U方法报道了Pu基超导体系PuCoGa₅的晶格参数,原子占位和电子性质.LSDA+U方法不仅考虑Pu-5f而且考虑了Co-3d的库伦排斥作用U和Hund交换相关作用J.结果表明LSDA+U在同时考虑Pu和Co的强关联作用时晶格参数和原子占位与相关理论和实验数据吻合较好,特别是PuCoGa₅中Pu-5f的强定域特征尤其是自旋向下的电子.此外,Pu-5f与Co-3d电子的轨道杂化明显强于Ga-4p电子.     

高压下BeP2N4结构相变和电子结构的第一性原理计算

 基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算了硅铍石型和尖晶石型结构BeP₂N₄的总能量随体积的变化关系。利用Brich-Murnaghan状态方程,通过能量和体积拟合,得到了2种结构的体变模量及其对压强的一阶导数。在压力作用下,BeP₂N₄的相变是从硅铍石型结构（空间群R-3,No.148）转变到尖晶石型结构（空间群Fd-3m,No.227）,计算出的相变点与其它理论值符合得非常好。同时计算了BeP₂N₄的相对晶格常数a/a₀和相对体积V/V₀的压缩率,在低压下发现,尖晶石结构BeP₂N₄的压缩率接近金刚石,进一步计算了不同压力下的体弹模量B_H、剪切模量G_H、B_H/G_H和杨氏模量E。此外,对两种结构的BeP₂N₄的电子态密度和带隙随压强的变化关系进行了计算和分析。结果表明：在压力作用下,上价带顶向费米能级移动,并有一定的展宽。Be—N、P—N键缩短,电子转移增加,导致电荷发生重新分布。     

高压下氧化镉弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

 运用基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法（PWP）,计算研究了氧化镉NaCl结构（B1结构）和CsCl结构（B2结构）在不同压力条件下的几何结构、弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质。交换关联能分别采用广义梯度近似（GGA）和局域密度近似（LDA）。通过比较计算和实验得到的晶格常数和体模量不难发现,LDA的计算结果更符合实验值。在高压的作用下,两种结构的导带能级有向高能级移动的趋势,而价带能级有向低能级移动的趋势,因此直接带隙变大。同时,对照态密度分布图及高压下能级的移动情况,分析了CdO两种结构在高压作用下的光学性质。     

Electronic and Optical Properties of Rock-Salt AIN under High Pressure via First-Principles Analysis

Electronic and optical properties of rock-salt AIN under high pressure are investigated by first -principles method based on the plane-wave basis set. Analysis of band structures suggests that the rock-salt AIN has an indirect gap of 4.53 eV, which is in good agreement with other results. By investigating the effects of pressure on the energy gap, the different movement of conduction band at X point below and above 22.5 GPa is predicted. The optical properties including dielectric function, absorption, reflectivity, and refractive index are also calculated and analyzed. It is found that the rock-salt AIN is transparent from the partially ultra-violet to the visible light area and hardly does the transparence affected by the pressure. Furthermore, the curve of optical spectrum will shift to high energy area （blue shift） with increasing pressure.     

FeS2(pyrite)电子结构与光学性质的密度泛函计算

采用局域密度近似的自洽密度泛函理论计算了FeS2的电子结构与光学性质。费米能级附近区域的能带与态密度计算表明价带极大值在X（100）点和导带极小值在G（000）点，直接带隙和音接带隙分别为0.74eV、0.6eV。并用电子结构信息精确计算了介质极化矩阵元，从而给出了FeS2的介电函数虚部及相关光学参量，理论结果与实验符合甚佳。     

氧化锌/硫化锌异质纳米线结构和电子性质比较研究

用第一性原理方法系统研究氧化锌/硫化锌超晶格纳米线和核壳结构纳米线的结构和电子性质.结构优化后,氧化锌/硫化锌异质结构纳米线和纯氧化锌或硫化锌纳米线结构相似.对于两种异质结构纳米线,能带结构显示他们都是直接带隙半导体.对于氧化锌/硫化锌超晶格纳米线,随着径向厚度的增加,能带变的越来越水平.对于核壳结构纳米线,分波态密度显示它们都是Ⅱ型异质结构.研究有助于理解这类异质结构纳米线以及它们在电子发动机及光伏设备方面的应用.     

Electronic and Optical Properties of Rock-Salt AlN under High Pressure via First-Principles Analysis

Electronic and optical properties of rock-salt AlN under high pressure are investigated by first-principles method based on the plane-wave basis set. Analysis of band structures suggests that the rock-salt AlN has an indirect gap of 4.53 eV, which is in good agreement with other results. By investigating the effects of pressure on the energy gap, the different movement of conduction band at X point below and above 22.5 GPa is predicted. The optical properties including dielectric function, absorption, reflectivity, and refractive index are also calculated and analyzed. It is found that the rock-salt AlN is transparent from the partially ultra-violet to the visible light area and hardly does the transparence affected by the pressure. Furthermore, the curve of optical spectrum will shift to high energy area (blue shift) with increasing pressure.     

Magnetic and Electronic Properties of h-BN Nanosheets with Nonmetal Atoms Adsorbed: an Ab Initio Study

The magnetic properties of the h-BN monolayer with nonmetal atoms are studied by ab initio methods. Different dopants (C, Cl, F, and O) and doping sites are considered. Magnetic behavior is observed in the twodimensional (2D) BN system with C, Cl, and O atoms. On the other hand, the O adsorbed system shows a more stable formed structure among above three magnetic materials, we study the ferromagnetic (FM) interaction in 2D-BN system with two O adatoms. Interestingly, as the O–O distance increases, the interaction between two O adatoms prefers to a long-range FM coupling. This phenomenon could be well described by a simple Heisenberg model.     

三碘甲状腺素团簇结构与光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

我们利用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/Lan12mb基组水平上,得到了三碘甲状腺素团簇的几何和电子结构.在此基础上,利用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT),使用相同的基组和采用极化连续介质模型(PCM),对其溶剂效应下的吸收光谱进行研究．研究结果表明,优化所得三碘甲状腺素团簇的对称性为C₁;在基态稳定结构基础上,研究了该分子的红外和拉曼分子振动谱特性,同时研究了其输运性质,即三碘甲状腺素团簇为p型输运材料;通过含时密度泛函理论,在优化好的基态结构基础上,又计算了它的溶剂效应,进一步得出该分子在水溶剂中的吸收光谱特性.     

硫化锌纳米管稳定性、电子性质和磁性质的比较研究

用第一性原理方法系统地研究硫化锌纳米管的稳定性、电子性质和掺杂磁性质.比较三种纳米管的稳定性.研究表明,六边形截面的双壁管的稳定性最高,相同截面的单壁管稳定性次之,而圆截面的之字形和扶手椅纳米管稳定性最低.电子能带结构计算表明它们都是直接带隙半导体.纳米管表面氢吸附后,六边形截面的单壁管转变为间接带隙半导体.研究了磁性原子掺杂六边形截面管的磁性质.发现掺杂纳米管的形成能比纯纳米管的形成能低,说明掺杂过程是一个放热反应.纳米管的总磁矩等于掺杂的磁性原子的磁矩.这些单掺杂纳米管在可调磁的新材料方面有潜在的应用价值.