Ground and excited state dipole moments of coumarin 337 laser dye

This paper reports that the effects of spectral properties of coumarin 337 laser dye have been investigated in different solvents considering solvent parameters like dielectric constant (?) and refractive index (n) of different solvent polarities. The ground state (μ_g) and excited state (μ_e) dipole moments are calculated using Lippert's, Bakhshiev's, and Kawski-Chamma-Viallet's equations. In all these three equations the variation of Stokes shift was used to calculate the excited state (μ_e) dipole moment. It is observed that the Bakhshiev method is comparatively better than the other two methods for ground state and excited state dipole moment calculations. The angle between the excited state and ground state dipole moments is also calculated.     

Solvatochromic Effect on the Photophysical Properties of Two Coumarins

The absorption and emission spectra of two coumarins namely 7, 8 benzo-4-azidomethyl coumarin (C₁) and 6-methoxy-4-azidomethyl coumarin (C₂) have been recorded at room temperature in solvents of different polarities. The ground state dipole moments (μ _g ) of two coumarins were determined experimentally by Guggenheim method. The exited state (μ _e ) dipole moments were estimated from Lippert’s, Bakhshievs and Chamma-Viallet’s equations by using the variation of Stoke’s shift with the solvent dielectric constant and refractive index. The ground and excited state dipole moments were calculated by means of solvatochromic shift method and also the excited state dipole moments are determined in combination with ground state dipole moments. It was observed that dipole moments of excited state were higher than those of the ground state, indicating a substantial redistribution of the π-electron densities in a more polar excited state for two coumarins.     

Rotational Diffusion and Solvatochromic Correlation of Coumarin 6 Laser Dye

Rotational diffusion of coumarin 6 (C6) laser dye has been examined in n-decane and methanol as a function of temperature. The rotational reorientation of this probe has been measured in these solvents. It is observed that the decrease in viscosity of the solution is responsible for the decrease in the rotational relaxation time of the probe molecule. The molecule C6 has long reorientation times in n-decane solvent as compared to methanol over all temperatures. It is found that the coumarin 6 rotates slower in n-decane than in methanol especially at higher values of viscosity over temperature. Two methods are chosen to determine the ground state and excited state dipole moments. The change in dipole moments is estimated from Bakhshiev-Chamma-Viallet equations and, the ground and excited state dipole moments from Kawski et al. equations, by using the variations of the Stokes shifts with the dielectric constant and refractive index of the solvent. Our results are quite reliable which are solvatochromic correlation obtained using solvent polarity functions. The reported results show that excited state dipole moment is greater than ground state dipole moment, which indicates that the excited state is more polar than the ground state.     

Determination of ground and excited state dipole moments of some naphthols using solvatochromic shift method

Solvatochromic behavior of 1-naphthol (N1) and 2-naphthol (N2) has been studied in different solvents at room temperature (298 K). The ground and first excited singlet state dipole moments are estimated using solvatochromic shift method. Bakhshiev and Kawski and Bilot correlations based on bulk solvent polarity parameters are applied. The results are further verified by using the microscopic solvent polarity parameter E_T^N. For both molecules investigated, the excited state dipole moments are larger than the corresponding values in the ground state. Moreover, for N1, the values obtained in aprotic solvents are much less than those obtained when protic solvents are included, which underlines the presence of specific interaction in case of protic solvents.     

Experimental Determination of Ground and Excited State Dipole Moments of N,N-Bis (2, 5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3, 4:9, 10-perylenebis (dicarboximide) (DBPI) A Photostable Laser Dye

In the present work, the absorption, emission spectra and dipole moments(μ_g, μ_e) of N, N-bis (2, 5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3, 4:9, 10- perylenebis (dicarboximide) (DBPI) have been studied in solvents of various polarities at room temperature. Using the methods of solvatochromism, the difference between the first excited singlet state (μ_e) and ground state (μ_g) dipole moments was estimated from Lippert – Mataga,, Bakhshiev, Kawski – Chamma – Viallet equations. The change in dipole moment (Δμ) was also calculated using the variation of the Stokes shift with microscopic solvent polarity parameter (E _T ^N ). It was observed that the value of excited singlet state dipole moment is higher (3.53 Debye) than the ground state one (1.92Debye), showing that the excited state of DBPI is more polar than the ground state.     

UH和UH2分子的结构与势能函数

用相对论有效原子实势(RECP)和密度泛函(B3LYP/SDD)方法研究了UH,UH₂基态和低激发态的结构和势能函数,导出了分子的光谱数据.结果表明,UH和UH₂的基电子状态分别为X⁴Π和X³A₂,离解能分别为2.886eV和5.249eV,UH₂具有C2v对称性,得到了UH和UH₂的几个不同的低激发态的结构与光谱数据.应用多体项展式理论以及数字拟合方法 关键词： UH 2')" href="#">UH₂ 势能函数 分子结构     

Absorption and Fluorescence Emission Attributes of a Fluorescent dye: 2,3,5,6-Tetracyano-p-Hydroquinone

Four cyano groups have been substituted on the aromatic ring of p-hydroquinone (2,3,5,6-tetracyanohydroquinone) in order to study the enhanced photoacidity of this molecule. The acid-base equilibria have been studied using absorption (for ground state pK_a) and fluorescence (excited state pK_a) spectra. Three distinct species (neutral, anionic and dianionic forms) were observed in the ground state and only two species (anionic and dianionic forms) were found in the excited state when studied at different pH/H_o in water. Absorption and emission characteristics were studied in various organic solvents, including protic and aprotic solvents. Deprotonation was also investigated using binary mixtures. It has been revealed that absorption and emission spectra are considerably changed with change in media. Proton transfer to the solvent has been observed in various solvents.     

甲烷在外场作用下的光激发特性研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP和组态相互作用方法在6-311++G^**水平上计算了甲烷从基 态到前六个激发态的跃迁波长，振子强度，自发辐射系数A_n0和吸收系数B _0n（ n=1—6）.同时研究了外电场对甲烷分子的激发态的影响规律.结果表明，随外电场强度增大 ，系统总能量变化较小，同时最高占据轨道HOMO与最低空轨道LUMO的能隙gaps变小，费米能 级Fermi levels略有下降.甲烷基态（X～^lＡ_l）在外场作用下，易 于向高激发态产生跃迁. 关键词： 4')" href="#">CH₄ 激发态 外电场     

Quantum-Chemical Calculations of the Excited Electronic States of the Prodan Molecule and Its Complexes in Water

A quantum-chemical calculation of the prodan molecule and its complexes in water for the geometry of the ground and fluorescent states is carried out. To describe the fluorescent state, changes in the electronic state (population) on bonds and atoms during transition of the molecule into an excited state are taken into account. A model of interaction of the prodan molecule with a polar proton-donor solvent (water) is suggested. It is shown that interaction with the ionic forms (H₃O₊ provides an explanation for the sensitivity of prodan to the solvent (displacement of the fluorescence bands). The nature of the electronic excited states of the prodan molecule and its complexes has been investigated. The constants of the rates of radiative and nonradiative processes and the fluorescence quantum yields have been calculated. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 330–334, May–June, 2005.     

Assignments of optically pumped CH3OD laser lines

Fifteen laser lines from CH₃OD pumped by a CO₂ laser are assigned to specific rotational energy transitions. These assignments have been obtained from the approximation that, except for one constant, the molecular constants in the excited CO stretching state are same as those in the ground state.     

Si2O2 molecule: structure of ground state and the excited properties under different external electric fields

Geometry and vibrational frequencies of the ground state of Si 2 O 2 molecule are studied using density function theory (DFT) at the level of cc-pvtz and 6-311++G.It is found that the optimizing value by B3lyp/cc-pvtz is closer to the experimental data.The excited properties under different external electric fields are also investigated by the time-dependent-DFT method.Transitions from the ground state of Si 2 O 2 molecule to the first singlet state under different external electric fields can take place more easily.The corresponding absorption spectral line is about 360 nm in wavelength and the excitation energy is about 3.4 eV.     

Solvatochromic and Fluorescence Behavior of Sulfisoxazole

The Fluorescence spectroscopic and solvatochromic behavior of Sulfisoxazole, a sulfa drug with antimicrobial activities, in various pure solvents of different polarity and hydrogen bonding capability is reported. The fluorescence emission spectrum of sulfisoxazole was found to be solvent polarity dependent, where a notable red shift in emission maximum was observed with increasing solvent polarity as well as hydrogen bonding capability. The effects of the latter two solvent parameters were quantitatively investigated using the methods of Lippert–Mataga and solvatochromic comparison method (SCM) that is based on the Kamlet-Taft equation. Particularly, the Lippert–Mataga method was applied to estimate the dipole moment of the excited state (μ_e) upon plotting Stokes shift versus solvent polarizability (Δf), where a value of 11.54 Debye was obtained. On the other hand, applying the multiple regression analysis to the SCM method revealed that solvent polarizability (π*) and hydrogen-bond donor capability (α) approximately equally stabilize sulfisoxazole in the excited state with minor destabilization contribution by the hydrogen-bond acceptor capability (β). These findings revealed that the excited state of sulfisoxazole is stabilized by polar solvents, indicating that this drug molecules exhibit larger dipole moment in the excited state than in the ground state, which in turn implies that a potential intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) occurs after excitation.     

Solvent Effect on Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Three Biologically Active Carboxamides (C<Subscript>1</Subscript>, C<Subscript>2</Subscript> and C<Subscript>3</Subscript>). Estimation of Ground and Excited State Dipole Moment from Solvatochromic Method Using Solvent Polarity Parameters

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of three Carboxamides namely (E)-2-(4-Chlorobenzylideneamino)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide (C₁), (E)-N-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-(3, 4-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide (C₂) and (E)-N-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzylideneamino)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide (C₃) have been recorded at room temperature in solvents of different polarities using dielectric constant (ε) and refractive index (n). Experimental ground (μ_g) and excited (μ_e) state dipole moments are estimated by means of solvatochromic shift method and also the excited dipole moments are estimated in combination with ground state dipole moments. It was estimated that dipole moments of the excited state were higher than those of the ground state of all three molecules. Further, the changes in dipole moment (Dm \Delta \mu ) were calculated both from solvatochromic shift method and on the basis of microscopic empirical solvent polarity parameter (E_T^N E_T^N ) and the values are compared.     

Photodissociation dynamics of the methylsulfinyl radical at 248 nm

The photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled methylsulfinyl radicals, CH₃SO, at 248?nm have been investigated using molecular beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. The primary channel is CH₃S?+?O, which occurs via the initially prepared excited CH₃SO state by rapid cleavage of the S-O bond to produce ground state products. The minor SO?+?CH₃ channel has two components in comparable proportions: a fast feature corresponding to rapid C-S cleavage on the excited state to produce CH₃ and electronically excited SO, and a slow feature due to internal conversion of CH₃SO followed by statistical dissociation on the ground electronic state. Statistical ground state dissociation also produces small amounts of CH₂SO, likely sulfine, and H-atoms.     

Preferential Solvation of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2,3-Dimethyl-9,10-Anthraquinone-A Spectrophotometric and Fluorometric Study

Electronic absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of DMDMAQ (1,4-dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-9,10-anthraquinone) have been studied as a function of solvent composition in some binary mixtures and in different neat solvents. The binary mixtures consist CCl₄ (Carbon tetrachloride)-DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide), EtOH (Ethanol)-DMSO, and CCl₄-EtOH combination of single solvents. The wavelength maxima of the absorption band for DMDMAQ are quite solvent sensitive in aprotic solvents. But, in protic solvent, there is no marked shift in absorption and emission maximum which shows the absence of specific interaction. Excited state shows increasing shift with increasing solvent polarity compared to ground state. The ratio of dipole moment in the excited state to that in the ground state was calculated. Different criteria were considered to analyse preferential solvation characteristics in different binary mixtures, viz., local mole fraction (), solvation index (δ_S2) and exchange constant (K₁₂).     

全维高精度势能面上F+CH3OH反应的产物振动态分布

甲醇与氟原子之间的抽氢反应可以生成HF和CH₃O、CH₂OH自由基等产物. 该反应在环境化学、燃烧化学、辐射化学和星际化学中都非常重要. 基于之前构建的全维高精度势能面,本文采用准经典轨线方法研究了该典型反应的动力学. 特别是使用正则模式分析方法确定了多原子产物CH₃O和CH₂OH的振动态分布. 研究发现,当反应物处于振转基态时,CH₃O和CH₂OH主要分布在基态. 当反应物CH₃OH的OH伸缩模式激发为第一激发态时,产物CH₂OH的OH伸缩模式、扭转模式、H₂CO 面外弯曲模式及其组合会被有效激发. 在两条通道中,可用能量大部分都流入HF的振动能和产物的平动能,而自由基产物CH₃O或CH₂OH只得到非常少的能量,与实验结果一致,这也表明了自由基的旁观者性质.     

乙醇在TiO2(110)表面光催化解离的动力学和超快电子动态学 (cited: 2)

采用实时双光子光电子能谱和时间分辨双光子光电子能谱技术分别研究了乙醇在该表面光催化解离的动力学和超快电子动态学过程. 通过测量与乙醇光催化解离相关的电子激发态随时间的演化,发现这个反应满足分型动力学. 乙醇在还原性TiO₂(110)上的光催化解离比在氧化性表面快,这归结于缺陷的存在降低了反应能垒. 这样一个反应的加速过程很可能是与缺陷电子相关的. 通过干涉双脉冲相关的测量,得到了乙醇-TiO₂界面电子激发态的超快动态学. 与甲醇的情况类似,这个电子激发态的寿命为24 fs. 激发态的出现为TiO₂和它周围环境的电子转移提供了一个通道.     

Global fit of rotational transitions of methyl formate (HCOOCH3) in the ground and first excited torsional states

The microwave spectrum of methyl formate (HCOOCH₃) has been observed in the frequency range from 7 to 200 GHz. New 348 lines were assigned to E-species in the first excited torsional state. By combining these lines with previously reported data, a global analysis of A- and E-species lines of the ground and first excited torsional states were carried out on the basis of the internal axis method. A total of 3862 transitions were fitted to a Hamiltonian model involving 69 molecular parameters to a weighted unitless standard deviation of 1.96.     

High-resolution FTIR spectroscopy of CHD279Br: ro-vibrational analysis of the v4 fundamental and determination of the ground state constants

The first high-resolution infrared spectrum of CHD₂⁷⁹Br has been investigated by Fourier transform spectroscopy in the range 940–1100 cm^?1 at an unapodised resolution of 0.0025 cm^?1. This spectral region is characterised by the v₄ (1036.8389 cm^?1) fundamental band, corresponding to the CD₂ wagging mode. The rotational structure of the a- and c-type components of the hybrid band has been extensively assigned for transitions involving values of J and K_a up to 65 and 15, respectively. The ground state constants up to the quartic centrifugal distortion terms have been obtained for the first time by ground state combination differences from 5251 assigned transitions and subsequently employed for the evaluation of the band origin and the excited state parameters of v₄. Watson’s S-reduced Hamiltonian in the I^r representation has been used in the ro-vibrational analysis. The dipole moment ratio |Δμ_a/Δμ_c| of the band has been estimated to be 1.3?±?0.1 from spectral simulations.     

外电场作用下二氧化硅分子的光激发特性研究

采用密度泛函B3P86和组态相互作用方法在6-311G**基组水平上计算了二氧化硅分子从基态到前5个激发态的跃迁波长、振子强度、自发辐射系数A_n0和吸收系数B_0n（n=1—5）.研究了外电场对二氧化硅分子激发态的影响规律. 结果表明,随外电场强度增大,最高占据轨道与最低空轨道能隙变小,占据轨道的电子易于激发至空轨道. 因而在外场作用下分子易于激发. 关键词： 2')" href="#">SiO₂ 激发态 外电场