Solvent and Temperature Effects on Polymer-Coated Glass Fibers. Fluorescence of the Dansyl Moiety

E-type glass fibers were coated with poly(-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), treating them with a 1% (v/v) monomer aqueous solution. The fibers were labeled with a dansyl-sulfonamide conjugate by reaction of acetonitrile solutions of dansyl chloride with the amine groups immobilized on the glass fiber surface. Interactions of the labeled coating polymer with solvents of different polarities were estimated by measurements of the fluorescence band shifts of the label. It was found that for aprotic solvents, the solvent dipolar coupling relaxation mechanism is dominated by thermodynamic interactions of the solvent with the polymer matrix, while for protic solvents this mechanism is dominated by specific interactions between solvent molecules and the excited state of the chromophore. Different experimental excited-state dipole moments were obtained for nonpolar and polar solvents (^* _NP = 7.2 ± 1.6 D, ^* _P = 11.9 ± 1.5 D). Using the AM1 method, excited-state dipole moments for the first and second singlets were calculated and it was concluded that ^* _NP ^*2 ₁^1/2 and ^* _P ^*2 ₂^1/2. Accordingly, neither the glass support nor the coating polar influence the excited-state properties of dansyl. The temperature dependence of dansyl emission allows the determination of the relaxation temperature of the coating polymer, which was estimated as 175 K for the coating used.     

Application of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometrics Techniques for Authentication of Herbal Medicine

Abstract: One of the emerging issues in herbal medicine is its authenticity. The substitution of highly valuable materials in herbal medicine with lower ones is common practice in the herbal medicine industry. This practice can cause serious effects or be harmful to human health; therefore, the authentication of herbal medicine using analytical techniques is necessary. Due to its capability as fingerprint technique, vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman), especially in combination with several chemometrics techniques, is the method of choice for authentication purposes. This review highlights the use of mid-infrared, near-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy for authentication of herbal medicine, either in raw materials or in final products.     

Simultaneous Determination of Barbital and Thiobarbituric Acid by Derivative Spectrophotometry

A new method for the simultaneous determination of barbital and thiobarbituric acid by derivative spectrophotometry is proposed. The method allows the resolution of mixtures of the two components over the concentration ranges 0.37–4.70 μg/ml (barbital) and 0.40–4.50 μg/ml (thiobarbituric acid) provided the ratio between their concentrations does not exceed 5:1. It was applied to the determination of the two compounds in synthetic samples and blood serum.     

近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学快速测定杜仲中松脂素二葡萄糖苷和京尼平苷酸的含量

应用近红外光谱技术并结合化学计量学建立杜仲中松脂素二葡萄糖苷(PDG)和京尼平苷酸(GPA)含量测定模型。以积分球漫反射方式采集近红外光谱数据,应用一阶微分、多元散射校正(MSC)等优选光谱数据预处理方法和竞争自适应加权采样(CARS)筛选最优波长变量,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)和交叉验证法建立PDG和GPA的定标模型。PDG和GPA的定标模型显示出良好的预测效果,其校正集的相关系数分别为0.961 5和0.958 3,交互验证均方差分别为0.001 5和0.006 4。表明此快速预测模型准确可靠,适合快速测定杜仲中的PDG和GPA,为杜仲质量控制在线化提供了新思路。     

红外光谱结合化学计量学快速预测铁皮石斛中总黄酮含量

评价药用植物质量的主要手段之一是有效成分含量检测,不同采收期对药用植物有效成分含量有明显影响。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结合化学计量学建立快速预测不同采收期铁皮石斛中总黄酮含量的方法,以期为铁皮石斛质量快速预测评价提供研究基础。采收2014年1至12月的铁皮石斛样品干燥粉碎;以氯化铝显色法测定铁皮石斛中总黄酮含量,分析不同采收时间铁皮石斛总黄酮的累积规律;采集样品红外光谱信息,归属红外吸收峰,拟合红外光谱数据和总黄酮含量数据,结合一阶导数、二阶导数、多元散射校正、标准正态变量、正交信号校正等对数据进行预处理,建立偏最小二乘回归模型预测样品中总黄酮含量。结果显示：(1)样品和标准品芦丁均在270 nm附近有共有吸收峰,实验以270 nm为总黄酮定量波长,标准曲线为y=6.076 5x+0.055 8,相关系数r=0.996 6,线性关系良好;重现性、精密度和稳定性相对标准偏差分别为1.00%,0.37%和0.28%,该方法稳定可靠;(2)总黄酮含量随时间变化趋势为先升高后降低,6月-8月样品含量较高,平均含量大于64.10 mg·g-1;(3)铁皮石斛红外光谱数据与总黄酮含量拟合后进行一阶导数、二阶导数、多元散射校正、标准正态变量、正交信号校正等组合处理,用PLSR模型预测铁皮石斛的总黄酮含量,结果最佳预处理方式为2D+SG5+SNV+OSC-PLSR,训练集和验证集r分别为0.979 0和0.882 4,验证均方根误差(RMSEE)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为2.438 2和4.169 9,铁皮石斛中总黄酮含量预测值与测量值较接近,表明PLS模型可用于总黄酮含量的快速预测。傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学能实现铁皮石斛中总黄酮含量准确预测,为铁皮石斛质量评价提供快速、有效的方法。     

Simultaneous Identification and Quantitative Determination of Amino Acids in Mixture by NMR Spectroscopy Using Chemometric Resolution

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy receives increasing interest in biological and metabolomic studies. It is still, however, a great challenge to analyze the NMR spectra of multicomponent samples, containing overlapping responses of the compositions. In this work, nonnegative independent component analysis (nonnegative ICA) and immune algorithm (IA) were employed for simultaneous identification and quantitative determination of three amino acids in mixture samples from measured multicomponent NMR signals. Results show that the correlation coefficients (R) between the extracted and measured spectra are higher than 0.97 and that those between the calculated relative contents and experimental ones are higher than 0.99. The method may provide an alternative technique for analyzing multicomponent samples like biofluids by using NMR spectroscopy.     

基于化学计量法对荧光光谱重叠的维生素B1、B2和B6的测定

利用直接正交信号校正( DOSC)-小波包变换(WPT)-偏最小二乘法(PLS)(DOSC-WPT-PLS)新方法对荧光光谱严重重叠的维生素B1、B2和B6三组分混合体系进行了同时测定.设计了 PDOSCWPTPLS程序执行相关计算,并将三种化学计量学方法(DOSC-WPT-PLS、WPT-PLS和PLS)进行了比较....     

Simultaneous Determination of Glucose and Choline Based on the Intrinsic Fluorescence of the Enzymes

It has been possible to perform the simultaneous determination of choline and glucose using the intrinsic fluorescence of the corresponding enzyme as an analytical signal. This can be done in two ways. First, for low glucose and choline concentrations (about 0.55 mM and 0.75 μM respectively) two differentiated signals, without mutual interference, are obtained for both analytes in the same measurement. Second, when glucose and choline concentrations are higher, a new model has been designed which permits the concentrations to be accurately determined in samples containing from 0.55 mM to 3.75 mM glucose and from 0.75 μM to 11.0 μM choline; the method has been applied to simultaneous glucose and choline determinations in serum samples with good results. This method gives a better performance than multivariate calibration based on Partial Least Squares Regression. The methodology here shown could be also used for the simultaneous determination of other pairs of analytes. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

基于四组分同时测定的PARAFAC和SWATLD算法及比较

邻苯二酚和对苯二酚是有毒物质,酪氨酸和色氨酸是天然氨基酸中仅有的会发光的组分,由于四组分光谱重叠,很难用常规方法直接定量检测。实验中采用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子和自加权交替三线性分解算法,邻苯二酚、对苯二酚、酪氨酸和色氨酸进行直接定量测定;同时,比较两种算法在定性测定和定量测定上的差别。当测量体系的成分数预估计值为4时,两种方法分辨后的回收率分别为(101.2±2.7)%,(99.3±3.0)%,(98.7±4.5)%,(101.6±4.7)%和(109.0±8.0)%,(91.3±11)%,(99.7±13)%,(98.1±11)%。试验结果表明,两种方法可用于四组分直接快速定量测定;通过对两种算法的比较,PARAFAC算法更具优势。     

光谱法结合分子模拟技术研究左氧氟沙星与胃蛋白酶的相互作用机理

在模拟生理条件下,采用荧光光谱法结合分子对接技术研究了左氧氟沙星与胃蛋白酶的相互作用。不同温度下的Stern-Volmer曲线结果表明,左氧氟沙星主要以静态猝灭的方式使胃蛋白酶的荧光产生猝灭。由热力学数据确定了两者之间存在的作用力主要为静电作用力。三维荧光光谱实验结果表明,在左氧氟沙星与胃蛋白酶发生作用过程中引起了胃蛋白酶中酪氨酸和色氨酸残基构象的变化,从而导致胃蛋白酶发生了猝灭作用。为了进一步探讨左氧氟沙星与胃蛋白酶相互作用的分子机理,利用分子对接技术对两者的相互作用进行模拟。结果表明两者发生作用的区域位于胃蛋白酶的催化活性中心,左氧氟沙星的进入导致酶催化中心氨基酸残基的微环境发生改变,从而对胃蛋白酶的活性造成影响,这可能也是左氧氟沙星引起消化不良的主要原因。     

微波辅助碱解荧光分光光度法快速测定河豚毒素含量

建立了一种快速、简便、灵敏地测定河豚毒素的新方法。在水和异丙醇混合碱性溶液中对河豚毒素进行微波碱解,通过测定碱解产物的量来间接测定河豚毒素的含量。结果表明:C9碱的最大激发波长为380nm,最大发射波长为496 nm,其在0.1~10μmol.L-1的浓度范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 1,检测限为0.05μmol.L-1,比文献报道降低近20倍。该方法快速、灵敏和准确,可用于河豚毒素的定量检测。     

LM-BP神经网络应用于光度法同时测定邻苯二酚、间苯二酚和对苯二酚三组分

应用人工神经网络原理,以Levenberg-marquardt back propagation(LM-BP)算法,对光谱严重重叠的邻苯二酚、间苯二酚和对苯二酚3组分进行同时测定。挑选283.5, 279.5, 276.5 nm处3波长为3种苯二酚的测量波长,按正交设计表L₂₅(56)配置25组标准混合溶液,对3种苯二酚进行训练,平均平方误差(MSE)达到最小值0.083 114 3;同时预测了模拟混合样本中的邻苯二酚、间苯二酚和对苯二酚含量,3种苯二酚异构体在低浓度时误差稍大,绝大部分分析结果相对误差小于5%,特别是对吸收光谱严重重叠的邻苯二酚、间苯二酚有令人满意的分析结果。     

激光诱导击穿光谱对四种香的快速检测

激光诱导击穿光谱技术(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy)作为一种极具前景的分析和测量技术应用日益广泛。对四种香(艾草香、藏香、檀香、沉香)样品进行了激光等离子体光谱测量和分析, 得到了样品中元素的成分;并且对四种香样品中的Cu,Mn,Ca和Fe四种金属元素典型谱线的强度进行了统计分析和元素含量的对比。基于等离子体的局域热动力学的平衡模型, 计算了Ca元素的等离子体温度。实验结果为采用激光诱导击穿光谱对香品成分进行快速检测和分析的可行性提供了依据。     

不同光谱法用于药物与蛋白相互作用的比较研究

在模拟人体生理环境下,利用荧光猝灭法(FQS)、同步荧光法(SYS)、共振光散射法(RLS)及紫外吸收光谱法(UV)分别研究了298 K下牛血清白蛋白与硫酸粘杆菌素、硫酸头孢匹罗、头孢匹胺钠3种药物间的相互作用机理。结果表明:对于相同的体系,利用4种方法计算得到的结合常数在同一数量级,猝灭方式均为生成新物质的静态猝灭,药物与蛋白作用时均以1∶1的比例结合,Hill系数近似。但对4种方法所得实验数据的综合比较表明,FQS、SYS更适合用于研究蛋白与药物的反应机理。     

可聚合萘酰亚胺类衍生物的合成及光谱研究

以4-溴-1,8-萘酐和4-硝基-1,8-萘酐为原料制备了分别含碳-碳双键和硅氧烷结构的可聚合萘酰亚胺衍生物4-二甲胺基-1,8-萘酐、4-二甲胺基-N-烯丙基-1,8-萘酰亚胺、4-硝基-N-烯丙基-1,8-萘酰亚胺和4-硝基-N-[(3-三甲氧基硅基)丙基] -1,8-萘酰亚胺. 通过¹H、¹³C及多种二维核磁共振（NMR）技术表征了其分子结构,完成了氢和碳的谱峰归属. 利用紫外吸收光谱与荧光发射光谱研究了这些化合物的光学性质,并讨论了取代基对这些化合物荧光性质的影响.      

Simultaneous laser-induced fluorescence and sub-Doppler polarization spectroscopy of the CH radical

The first application of polarization spectroscopy (PS) to the CH radical is demonstrated. In particular, we report on the simultaneous application of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and sub-Doppler PS to CH. The conventional experimental setup for PS was supplemented with a second detection system in order to collect the LIF emission. At the same time a Fabry–Perot etalon and molecular iodine were utilized to obtain a precise relative and absolute frequency scale, respectively. CH was investigated in a low pressure methane–oxygen flame. The R₂(5) transition of the B–X (0, 0) band corresponding to a wavelength around 387.3 nm was scanned while fluorescence emission was collected in the spectral region around 431 nm from the B–X (0, 1), A–X (1, 1) and A–X (0, 0) bands. The saturation behavior of both techniques is investigated as well as line broadening effects due to the pump laser pulse energy or rather fluence. Saturation fluence for LIF was found to be more than one order of magnitude higher as compared to PS.     

Simultaneous Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Caffeine in Pharmaceutical Formulation by First Derivative Synchronous Fluorimetric Method

A sensitive, rapid, and specific assay has been developed for the simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine in commercial tablets based on their natural fluorescence. The mixture of these drugs was resolved by first derivative synchronous fluorimetric technique using two scans. At Δλ=106 nm, using first derivative synchronous scanning, only acetylsalicylic acid yields a detectable signal at 316 nm (peak to zero method) which is unaffected by caffeine. At Δλ=30 nm, the signal of caffeine at 288 nm (peak to zero method) is not affected by acetylsalicylic acid. The range of application is between 0.021 and 41.62 μg ml⁻¹ (correlation coefficient, R=0.9995) for acetylsalicylic acid and between 0.4486 and 44.86 μg ml⁻¹ (correlation coefficient, R=0.99786) for caffeine. The recovery range of 98.40–102% for acetylsalicylic acid and 90–100.5% for caffeine from their synthetic mixture was reported. Overall recovery of both compounds about 97–99% for acetylsalicylic acid and 97–98% for caffeine was obtained from real sample analysis. The detection limits are 0.0013 μg ml⁻¹ and 0.0306 μg ml⁻¹ for acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine, respectively. The relative standard deviation (n=10) for 20 μg ml⁻¹ of acetylsalicylic acid is 2.75% and for 2.2 μg ml⁻¹of caffeine is 1.7%.     

导数恒能量同步荧光法快速同时分析芴、咔唑、苯并[a]芘和苝

建立了芴、咔唑、苯并[a]芘和苝四组分同时测定的导数恒能量同步荧光分析法,并对其优越性进行了比较说明.该法简便快速,无需对混合物进行分离,只需一次扫描,就可实现这四组分的同时鉴别和定量测定.将该方法应用于河水样、自来水样和大气飘尘样的分析,取得了良好的效果,回收率分别为90.0%～108.0%,90.0%～104.0%和90.0%～102.0%.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学方法对白酒基酒的快速定性和定量分析

白酒基酒等级的准确评判对白酒的质量控制至关重要,是白酒分级储存和勾兑的重要依据。目前白酒基酒分级是在生产车间班组工人初步分级基础上,通过专业评酒人员的人工感官审评结合气相色谱法测定主要酯类物质含量最终确定白酒基酒的等级。人工感官审评和气相色谱分析方法繁琐,耗时费力,很难实现实时快速检测。红外光谱技术具有快速分析、无损检测及灵敏度高和重现性好等优点,在食品品质检测领域得到广泛应用。运用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和衰减全反射(ATR)技术结合化学计量学方法对不同等级白酒基酒及其主要酯类化合物进行快速定性和定量分析。采用线性判别(LDA)和误差反向传播人工神经网络(BPANN)分析模型对不同等级白酒基酒进行判别,线性判别分析训练集和测试集总体识别率均达到100%,BPANN分析训练集和测试集总体识别率均在95%以上。采用区间偏最小二乘法(siPLS)对四种主要酯类化合物进行定量分析,己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯含量的训练集模型相关系数分别为0.986 4,0.991 5,0.970 2和0.951 4,测试集模型的相关系数分别为0.982 4,0.961 9,0.905 2和0.808 0。结果表明,傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法能有效实现不同等级白酒基酒的准确判别,同时基酒中主要酯类化合物的快速检测定量模型效果良好,能满足白酒生产中的分析检测要求,为白酒基酒等级的快速判别提供一种客观而准确的分析方法,有效提升白酒的智能化生产水平。     

Steady-State Spectroscopic and Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements of New Two-Photon Absorbing Fluorene Derivatives

Steady-state excitation anisotropy, lifetimes, and time-resolved emission spectra of new 2-photon absorbing fluorene derivatives were measured in aprotic solvents at room temperature. Excitation anisotropy spectra in viscous silicon oil allowed the determination of the spectral position of three electronic transitions S₀ S₁, S₀ S₂, S₀ S₃ (S_i, i = 1, 2, 3 are the singlet electronic states) and the angles ( 30°) between absorption S₀ S₁ and emission S₁ S₀ dipole moments for the first electronic transition. Solvate relaxation processes in the first excited state of the investigated fluorene molecules affect the lifetimes of these states, ₁, so that experimental values of ₁ do not correspond to those calculated by Strickler and Berg theory. The influence of the molecular concentration on the fluorescence quantum yields and ₁ have been investigated.