Biscoumarins - New Laser Dyes in Coumarin Series

With a view to extend the tunability range using new derivatives in the coumarin series of dyes, a novel series have been synthesized, viz. the biscoumarins where two coumarin nuclei are coupled. These are studied for their lasing characteristics, optical spectra and quantum efficiencies. Laser spectra of these dyes in various solvents are also studied. Tunability range of these dyes have been found to cover blue green region of the spectrum and though there is shift to longer wavelength as compared to monocoumarins, extending the tunability range, it is not as much as would be normally expected with extended conjugation involving two coumarin nucled.     

Spectral-Luminescent Properties of Cationic Indotricarbocyanine Dyes in Cancerous Cells and Solutions

The spectral-luminescent properties of symmetrical indotricarbocyanine dyes with the same cation and different anions (Br^–, BF₄ ^–) in cancerous HeLa cells, an isotonic solution of NaCl, and organic solvents have been investigated. It is shown that when these dyes are present in cells in nontoxic concentrations, they are in a monomeric state, they are localized in the region with a low dielectric permeability, bonded to biological macromolecules, and do not make contact with an aqueous medium. It has been established for the first time that the molecules of the polymeric dyes are present in cells predominantly in the form of contact ion pairs, and in a dye with the Br^– anion the presence of free cations or solvately separated ionic pairs is revealed. It is shown that the shift of the ion equilibrium toward contact ion pairs for the dyes in the cells (as compared to the low-polarity organic solvents) can be due to the fairly high concentration of salts in the biosystem.     

Laser Spectra and Efficiencies of Pyrazolo Derivatives of Coumarins

Abstract

Of the new laser dyes of coumarin series reported earlier, pyrazolo derivatives have been further studied. The paper reports their laser spectra and efficiencies in various solvents compared to a standard coumarin laser dye C₅₁₅. One of the derivatives shows comparable output under optimum concentration conditions as compared to the standard.     

Time resolved spectroscopy in laser grade organic dyes

Time resolved spectroscopy is discussed along with the theoretical and experimental methods used to measure the fluorescence lifetimes in various laser grade organic dyes. The role of solvents and their viscosities in the fluorescence life time is also discussed. Different photophysical parameters have been obtained in rigid and non-rigid dye molecules.     

取代效应对脂滴检测NAPBr染料分子的双光子吸收和激发态性质影响的理论探究

双光子荧光染料分子在生物医学成像中具有广阔的应用前景,但取代效应对分子结构以及光物理性质影响的探求相对匮乏. 本文设计并研究了一系列脂滴检测染料分子,分析了分子的光学性质以及无辐射跃迁等. 通过分子内弱相互作用和电子- 空穴布居分析,阐述了其内在机理. 结果表明,所研究的分子均具有优良的光物理性能、高效荧光量子产量、大的斯托克斯位移以及显著的双光子吸收截面等. 本工作合理地解释了实验现象并阐述了取代效应对脂滴检测NAPBr染料分子的双光子吸收和激发态性质的影响,这为设计新型的高效有机分子提供了理论指导.     

The molecular aggregation of pyronin Y in natural bentonite clay suspension

The molecular aggregation and spectroscopic properties of Pyronin Y (PyY) in the suspension containing natural bentonite clay were studied using molecular absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Interaction between the clay particles and the cationic dye compounds in aqueous solution resulted in significant changes in spectral properties of PyY compared to its molecular behavior in deionized water at the same concentration. These changes were due to the formation of dimer and aggregate of PyY in the clay suspension as well as the presence of the dye monomer. The H-type aggregates of PyY in the clay suspension were identified by the observation of a blue-shifted absorption band of the dye compared to that of its monomer. In spite of diluted dye concentrations, the H-aggregate of PyY in the clay suspension was formed. The intensive aggregation in the clay suspension attributed to the localized high dye concentration on the negatively charged clay surfaces. Adsorption sites of PyY on the clay particles were discussed by deconvulated absorption and excitation spectra. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies revealed that the fluorescence intensity of PyY in the clay suspension is decreased by H-aggregates drastically. Moreover, the presence of H-aggregates in the clay suspension resulted in the decrease of fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of PyY compared to those in deionized water.     

Effect of Matrix Treatment on Spectroscopic Properties of HCl Catalysed Sol-Gel Glasses Containing Coumarin Laser Dyes

Coumarin 1, Coumarin 2 and Coumarin 120 are embedded in transparent sol-gel glass samples prepared by sol-gel process using dip method. The sol-gel matrix is given dip treatment with Methanol /Distilled Water (50/50vol) for 1 to 16h before dipping into dye solution. The effect of dipping time of matrix in Methanol/ Distilled Water on spectroscopic properties of coumarin dye doped glass samples has been studied. The Optical Density (OD) at absorption maximum wavelength and Fluorescence Intensity (FI) at fluorescence maximum wavelength of all coumarin dyes increase with the time of dipping of the sol-gel sample. These absorption/fluorescence properties of coumarin dyes in sol-gel glass matrices are compared with its respective properties in methanolic solution in acidic environment. The cause of these changes in OD/FI with dipping time is discussed by taking into account the absorption / fluorescence of dye in acidified methanol.     

Features of Emission and Absorption of Indotricarbocyanine Dyes on Excitation to Higher Electronic States

The manifestation of ion pairs in the absorption and emission of fluorescence by symmetric indotricarbocyanine dyes with the same cation and anions Br, I, and BF₄ in ethanol, methylene chloride, and dichlorobenzene has been investigated. It is shown that the formation of ion pairs on passing to low-polarity solvents, along with the changes in the electronic absorption and emission spectra, manifests itself in the polarization and fluorescence excitation spectra. We were the first to establish that the presence of an equilibrium mixture of contact ion pairs and free ions in solutions has an effect on the position and probabilities of transitions not only for the first but also for higher excited singlet states of the molecules of polymethine dyes. The formation of ion pairs manifests itself more clearly when the spectral-luminescence properties of compounds in the shortwave spectral region are analyzed. It has been established that marked changes arise in the absorption, excitation, emission, and polarization fluorescence spectra, as well as in the lifetime and quantum yield of fluorescence in this spectral region when the solvent is changed.     

激光激发Rb＋H2系统形成RbH分子机理的实验研究

在Rb-H2混合系统中用激光(泵浦激光)将基态Rb原子激发到Rb(5P3/2)能级,将调谐至5P3/2→7S1/2跃迁的另一激光束(检测激光)与泵浦激光反向平行通过样品池,并在池的直径方向平行移动,利用光学吸收法得到Rb(5P3/2)态的密度及其空间分布。由于辐射陷获存在,有效辐射率是自然辐射率与透射因子(发射的光子在探测区域内没有被吸收的平均概率,它与吸收截面及激发态原子密度和空间分布有关)的乘积。由5P3/2原子密度及其空间分布结合5P3/2←5S1/2跃迁线的碰撞增宽计算了透射因子。能量合并过程5P3/2 5P3/2→5S1/2 5D产生高位态5D原子,猝灭过程Rb(5P3/2) H2(v=0)→Rb(5S) H2(v=2)产生H2(v=2)态,H2(v=2)密度由Rb(5P3/2)与H2的碰撞猝灭截面得到。Rb(5D) H2和Rb(5P3/2) H2(v=2)发生碰撞反应可生成RbH分子,通过对不同H2密度时5D→5P3/2与5P3/2→5S1/2荧光强度比以及RbH分子X1Σ →A1Σ 跃迁线吸收光强的测量,首次得到了Rb(5D) H2→RbH H和Rb(5P3/2) H2(v=2)→RbH H的反应截面分别为4.02×10-17cm2和1.00×10-18cm2。实验表明,Rb(5P3/2) H2不直接生成RbH分子,而是通过二步反应产生的。     

Concentration dependent fluorescence quantum efficiency of neodymium doped phosphate glass matrix

In this work, we have studied the optical and thermal properties of Nd-doped phosphate glass matrix. The studied samples have concentration ranging from 0.5 to 5 wt% of Nd₂O₃. Here we report the measurements of fluorescence quantum efficiency, η, obtained through the thermal lens technique using a reference sample. Also, the refractive index, n, specific heat, c_p, mass density, and the thermal diffusivity and conductivity measurements were performed. The knowledge of these characteristics as a function of neodymium concentration is very important to design optical devices, especially high power solid state lasers.     

奶牛场氨排放特征的光谱检测

为实现奶牛场氨气减排,改善生态环境,需要在线监测氨挥发浓度并准确揭示氨排放特征。采用开放式可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱 (TDLAS) 技术设计了开放式氨气在线监测系统,结合反演式气体扩散技术开展相关研究,于2013年秋季和冬季在保定市某奶牛厂进行了氨排放浓度在线监测和排放特征分析工作。监测结果表明,秋季氨气浓度峰值为6.11×10-6%,冬季氨气浓度峰值为6.56×10-6%,氨浓度具有日变化趋势,基本呈白天浓度低,夜晚浓度高的特点。由反演气体扩散模型得到秋冬季氨排放特征,氨排放峰值均出现在中午,秋季氨排放速率为1.48～130.6 kg/head/hr,冬季氨排放速率为0.004 5～43.32 kg/head/hr,秋季的排放速率高于冬季,说明奶牛场尺度下的氨排放存在一定的季节性差异。该方法可以有效获得大范围、高灵敏、免采样、快速气体排放特征结果,为奶牛厂的氨排放监测和科学养殖提供技术支持。     

Fluorescence Quenching of 1,4-Dihydroxy-2,3-Dimethyl-9,10-Anthraquinone by Silver Nanoparticles: Size Effect

Size effect of silver nano particles on the photophysical properties of 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (DHDMAQ) have been investigated using optical absorption and fluorescence emission techniques. Silver nanoparticles of different sizes have been prepared by Creighton method using magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic field. Quenching of fluorescence of DHDMAQ has been found to increase with decrease in the size of the silver nanoparticles. Stern–Volmer quenching constants have also been calculated.     

多晶硅太阳电池激光掺杂选择性发射极

研究了多晶硅片扩散工艺与激光掺杂工艺的匹配性.采用波长532nm的纳秒脉冲激光器对扩散后未去磷硅玻璃的多晶硅片表面进行激光扫描掺杂,激光扫描掺杂后硅片方块电阻降低为扩散后硅片方阻的50%左右,而且随着激光功率的增加,扩散到硅片表面的磷原子浓度增大,硅片方阻下降更明显.测试了激光掺杂后多晶硅太阳能电池的外量子效率,其外量子效率在340~480nm波段范围与常规多晶硅太阳能电池相比提高18%~5%.研究了激光掺杂后多晶硅电池的光电转换特性,分析了较高激光功率掺杂时多晶硅电池的失效特性,结果表明:优化工艺后多晶硅太阳电池平均光电转换效率达到17.11%,比普通工艺多晶硅太阳电池提高0.34%,最高转换效率达到17.47%.激光掺杂选择性发射极工艺流程简单,电池效率提升明显,易于实现产业化.     

Integral Method o Reciprocity in the Spectroscopy of Laser Crystals with Impurity Centers

A new method of determining the stimulated emission cross-section spectra from the absorption cross-section spectra, which we call the integral method of reciprocity, is suggested it does not require knowledge of the structure of the impurity-center electron levels. Based on this method, formulas for calculating the radiation lifetime of impurity centers in crystals have been derived. The effectiveness of the integral method of reciprocity was demonstrated in determining the stimulated emission cross sections and radiation lifetime of an ytterbium ion in the laser crystals Yb³⁺:KYW and Yb³⁺:KGW.     

准分子激光放大器中的三维放大自发辐射效应

发展了小纵横比条件下、具有圆柱对称性介质的高功能ＫｒＦ准分子激光放大器中，放大自发辐射效应的三维理论模型和计算程序。考虑自发辐射的频率分布效应以及侧壁表面反射效应。结果分析表明，当纵横比及入射负载均较小时，放大自发辐射对输出光束质量有较大的影响。     

激光微区发射光谱谱线品质的研究

利用单脉冲YAG激光、YGJ Ⅱ激光微区分析仪结合光电检测系统 ,在减压氩气环境下实验研究了金属分析样品发射光谱中CuⅠ 32 4 7nm和CuⅠ 32 7 4nm的时间特性、谱线强度及空间分布 ,并与空气环境下的实验结果进行了比较。实验结果表明在减压氩气环境下 ,激光微区发射光谱与环境气体、环境气压和辅助激发参数密切相关。当辅助电极端面直径为 1 5mm、辅助电极距分析样品表面高度为 4mm、辅助电极间距为3mm、辅助激发电压为 1 30 0V、氩气压力 33 2kPa时 ,CuⅠ 32 4 7nm和CuⅠ 32 7 4nm谱线的发射时间比空气下延长了 50 0 μs,谱线强度约为相同气压空气环境下的 4倍 ,约为 1个大气压空气环境下谱线强度的 2倍 ,谱线的半最大值宽度明显变窄。因此氩气环境延长了谱线的发射时间 ,减少了自吸效应 ,使谱线强度明显增强 ,谱线品质得到显著改善。     

原油样品激光诱导荧光的时间分辨光谱特性研究

为探索激光诱导时间分辨荧光光谱技术应用于海洋悬浮溢油原位探测的可行性,对来自胜利油田六个不同井区不同密度的原油样品的时间分辨荧光光谱进行了探测分析。结果发现,各原油样品荧光发射的持续时间基本相同,从ICCD中数字延时发生器(DDG)的输入延时52 ns开始,到输入延时82 ns左右结束,各原油样品的荧光峰强度随时间变化曲线的半高宽约10 ns;不同原油样品的最强荧光峰位及其衰减寿命不尽相同,并且与样品密度有一定相关性,密度相近的原油具有相近的最强荧光峰位和相似的荧光寿命。对比六种原油样品的时间分辨荧光光谱发现,在荧光增强时,原油荧光光谱峰位不变,当荧光从最大强度开始衰减时,六种原油样品的荧光光谱峰位均出现了不同程度(17~30 nm)的红移现象,这一定程度上反映出原油中各荧光组分的荧光衰减速率存在差异,或者存在荧光组分之间的能量传递。所观测到的原油密度相关的时间分辨光谱信息和荧光峰红移现象可望成为水下悬浮溢油识别的有效特征之一。     

Laser effects on the donor states in V-shaped and inverse V-shaped quantum wells

Laser effects on the electronic states in GaAs/ Ga_1−xAl_xAs V-shaped and inverse V-shaped quantum wells under a static electric field are studied using the transfer matrix method. The dependence of the donor binding energy on the laser field strength and the density of states associated with the impurity is also calculated. It is demonstrated that in inverse V-shaped quantum wells under electric fields, with an asymmetric distribution of the electron density, the position of the binding energy maximum versus the impurity location in the structure can be adjusted by the intensity of the laser field. This effect could be used to tune the electronic levels in quantum wells operating under electric and laser fields without modifying the physical size of the structures.     

Determination of the Constants of Binding of Acridine Dyes with Micelles of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Using the Quenching of Delayed Fluorescence by Heavy Atoms

The constants of binding dye molecules with the micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate are determined using quenching of delayed fluorescence of acridine dyes by sodium iodide in aqueous–micellar solutions. Kinetic equations have been composed that describe the processes of deactivation of the excited states of dyes. By solving these equations at the concentration of the quencher sodium iodide corresponding to the minimum lifetime of triplet states and at the concentration of micelles corresponding to the least value of the delayed fluorescence quenching rate constants, we obtained the constants of binding dyes with micelles equal to 1.3·10⁷, 2.9·10⁷, and 3.1·10⁷ M^–1 for trypaflavine, acridine orange, and acridine yellow, respectively. We calculated the rate constants of quenching of the triplet states of the molecules of dyes by iodide ions (I ^–) that decreased in transition from trypaflavine to acridine orange and acridine yellow.