Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Optical Absorption of VO2＋ Doped Bis （glycinato） Mg （II） Monohydrate Single Crystals

We investigate the electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） of VO2＋ ions in bis （glycinato） Mg （II） monohydrate single crystals at room temperature. Detailed EPR analysis indicates the presence of only one VO2＋ site. The vanadyl complexes are found to take up the substitutional position. The angular variation of the EPR spectra in three planes a＊b, bc and ca＊ are used to determine principal g and A tensors. The values of spin Hamiltonian parameters are gx= 2.1447× 10-4, gy= 1.9974×10-4, gz= 1.9131×10-4, Ax= 49×10-4, Ay= 60×10-4, Az= 82×10-4 cm-1. The optical absorption study is also carried out at room temperature and absorption bands are assigned to various transitions. The theoretical band positions are obtained using energy expressions and a good agreement is found with the experimental data. By correlating EPR and optical data, different molecular orbital coefficients are evaluated and the nature of bonding in the crystal is discussed.     

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in HoxLu1−xB12 Dodecaborides

JETP Letters - The iron based superconductor FeSe0.5Te0.5 has been studied applying Mössbauer spectroscopy and ab initio density functional theory calculations of hyperfine parameters of iron...     

Theoretical Explanation of the Optical and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectral Data for Trivalent Ytterbium Ions in β-Lead Fluoride

Six crystal-field energy levels and three electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data [g factor and hyperfine structure constants A(¹⁷¹Yb³⁺) and A(¹⁷³Yb³⁺)] for trivalent ytterbium (Yb³⁺) ions in the cubic β-lead fluoride (β-PbF₂) crystal are calculated by using a diagonalization (of energy matrix) method. In the method, the Zeeman and hyperfine interaction terms are added to the Hamiltonian in the conventional diagonalization method, and so the optical and EPR data can be calculated in a unified way. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values, and the signs of constants A(¹⁷¹Yb³⁺) and A(¹⁷³Yb³⁺) are determined. The results are discussed.     

Kinetics of the Processes of the Change in the Concentration of Photosensitive Paramagnetic Centers on Excitation and De‐Excitation of ZnCdS Single Crystals

The EPR technique is used to study the behavior of photosensitive paramagnetic centers (PPC) in zinc sulfidebased single crystals under different conditions of excitation by UV radiation.     

EPR Study of Nd3☎ Ions in β-BaB2O4 Single Crystals

An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of Nd^3? ions in single crystals of the low-temperature phase of barium borate (β-BaB₂O₄ or BBO) is presented. The EPR spectra show the existence of a minimum of three different Nd^3? centres. The g-matrices for three of the centres have been determined from the analysis of the angular dependencies of the spectrum in two planes of the crystal. This study allows us to conclude that neodymium is incorporated in the low-symmetry Ba^2? site. Possible reasons for the appearance of various Nd^3? centres are discussed.     

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Mössbauer Studies of Fe3+ Ions in the Fe2O3 [dbnd] MoO3 System

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Mössbauer spectra of ironmolybdenum mixed oxides system have been investigated. Both EPR and Mössbauer measurements revealed the formation of ferric molybdate, Fe₂ (MoO₄)₃ and the existence of two different Fe³⁺ species. The EPR spectra of Fe₂ (MoO₄)₃, show two resonance lines of Fe³⁺ ions indicating that a strong exchange interaction is dominates in pure iron molybdate. Mösbauer measurements revealed that the isomer shift (I. S) increases with increasing the iron content. A maximum of quadrupole splitting (Q. S) is observed at the stoichiometric concentration corresponding to the formation of Fe₂ (MoO₄)₃. The effect of a catalytaic dehydration process on the redox behaviour of Fe³⁺ located in iron molybdate frame work is investigated. Results indicate that the catalytaic dehydration of 2-proppanol over this catalyst reduces Fe³⁺ ions to Fe²⁺ leading to the formation of the inactive phase FeMoO₄. the essential role of oxygen, in the alcohol gas feed, in regeneration the activity of the catalysts was demonstrated.     

Trace Analysis of Al on Silicon Surfaces by Ultra‐soft X‐Ray Emission Spectroscopy

It is shown that near normal incidence, low‐energy electron excitation of Al on silicon surfaces by ultra‐soft X‐Ray emission spectroscopy yielded limits of detectibility (LD) in the picogram region. This result on L band emission via electron excitation is fully competitive with photon excitation using K‐α lines via grazing incidence total reflection techniques (TXRF). Surprisingly, it was also found that normal incidence synchrotron photon excitation on the same sample yielded much higher values of LD than low‐energy electron excitation, undoubtedly due to the use of a poor transmission grating used in the entrance optics.     

Dielectric Spectroscopy of Porous HCl‐doped Polyaniline Containing Lanthanum Ions

HCl‐doped polyaniline containing lanthanum ions were synthesized by the chemical oxidizing of aniline in the presence of aqueous acidic salt solution, with different concentrations of lanthanum chloride. The effects of the concentration of La³⁺ on the morphology and dielectric properties of the prepared samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dielectric measurements. The SEM micrographs revealed that the HCl‐doped polyaniline had an aggregated structure, while the HCl‐doped samples containing La³⁺ ions presented a distinct morphology with porous structures. For the samples, both ?′ and ?″ exhibited a relatively high value at low frequency and a sharp decrease with increasing frequency. Increasing the concentration of La³⁺ resulted in a significant enhancement of ?′ and ?″.     

Characterization of Crystalline Phase‐Transformations in Theophylline by Time‐Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy

Time‐domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has been used to characterize polymorphic transformations in polycrystalline theophylline, a widely used pharmaceutical compound. On transformation, different intermolecular bonding arrangements arise owing to changes in the lattice structure of the molecular crystal, leading to distinct THz spectral signatures. Temperature‐dependent THz absorption measurements in anhydrous theophylline confirm that the observed vibrational modes originate from phonons within the crystal structure.     

Mössbauer Spectroscopy Study of FeSe0.91S0.09 Superconductor Single Crystals

JETP Letters - Mössbauer spectra of single crystals of sulfur-doped iron selenide FeSe0.91S0.09 are studied in a wide temperature range, including the vicinity of structural and...     

Analysis of Efficiencies of Electron Capture by Ions into Rydberg States and Inelastic n → n' Transitions in Plasma of Inert Gas Mixtures

Optics and Spectroscopy - A comparative analysis of efficiencies of the resonant and nonresonant mechanisms of electron capture by ions into Rydberg states of Xe(n) atoms and inelastic n →...     

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Valence Orbitals in 1,4-Dioxane by Electron momentum Spectroscopy

The binding energy spectrum of all valence orbitals and the momentum distributions of highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO： 8ag）, 7bu＋7ag, 4bu, 2bg ＋4ag and 2au in 1, 4-dioxane are investigated by electron momentum spectroscopy （EMS） with 600 eV impact energy. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical calcula- tions of C2h chair conformation using the Hartree-Fock method and density functional theory with 6-311＋＋G^＊＊ and AUG-CC-PVTZ basis sets.     

Fundamental Concepts of Electron Spin Resonance Technique in the Determination of the Crystal Field Structure of O− 2 Ions in TiO2

Abstract

The basic principles of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) as applicable in crystal field characterization of paramagnetic species has been outlined. Fundamental concepts of the precessional motion of electrons and their magnetic moments at resonance were developed. The theory of ESR based on the response of unpaired electron(s) as they undergo spin-spin or spin-lattice relaxation when subjected to strong external magnetic fields was examined. Ions of the O^? ₂ group adsorbed on TiO₂ were studied using a Varian Spectrometer. The resulting spectral diagrams obtained were used in calculating the g-factors which gave results for orthorhombic crystal symmetry for O^? ₂ ions in TiO₂.     

Spin-Wave Resonance in One-Dimensional Magnonic Crystals by an Example of Multilayer Co–P Films

Physics of the Solid State - Layered magnetic films of Co–P alloy, which are sets of laminates with certain atomic and chemical structures, have been investigated by spin-wave resonance....     

Formation of Nanosuized Inclusions in Cubic Boron Nitride Single Crystals

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) crystals with dimensions of 0.3-0.4mm,which have been synthesized using lithium nitride(Li3N) as a catalyst with a high-temperature method,were examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The TEM result shows that there are some nanostructured areas containing several types of nanosized foreign particles within the as -grown c-BN crystals.We find that the nanometre inclusions are hexagonal BN with the lattice constants of α=2.05A and c=6.66A,tetragonal B25N with α=8.79A and c=5.08A,tetragonal B53N with α=8.79A and c=5.08A,and hexagonal Li3N with α=3.648A and c=3.875A.     

Analysis of Experimental Results by the Havriliak–Negami Model in Dielectric Spectroscopy

The problem of identifying experimental results on studying frequency dependences of the real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity concerning the correspondence to one of accepted frequency dispersion models: Debye, Cole–Cole, Davidson–Cole, and Havriliak–Negami models is considered. Based on expressions for components of complex dielectric permittivity with the use of mathematical analysis, a sequence of steps for the determination of the following characteristic parameters of the generalized Havriliak–Negami model is developed: static ε _S and high-frequency ε_∞ dielectric permittivity, frequency dispersion indices α and β, and relaxation time τ. As an example, the parameters ε _S , ε_∞, α, β, and τ are calculated for a sample of a frozen disperse medium based on fine-grained quartz powder at a humidity of 13% in a temperature range from –140 to 0°C.     

Anisotropy of the Resonance Transformation of the Microhardness of Crystals after Their Exposure in the EPR Scheme in the Earth’s Magnetic Field

It is shown that the preliminary exposure of ZnO, triglycine sulfate, and potassium hydrogen phthalate crystals in ultralow crossed magnetic fields—Earth’s magnetic field and ac pump field—leads to a resonance change in their microhardness. The resonance frequency of microhardness peaks is determined by the classical condition of electron paramagnetic resonance only at certain orientations of the crystals with respect to the Earth’s magnetic field B_Earth. Rotations of all samples with respect to the direction B_Earth by angle θ reduce the resonance frequency in proportion to cosθ. The observed anisotropy has been attributed to the presence of their own local magnetic fields B_loc ? B_Earth in the crystals.     

Luminophors Based on the Phosphate Compounds of Uranyl With Rare‐Earth Elements at a High Concentration of Active Ions (Review)

A review of the works concerned with investigation of the spectroscopic and kinetic properties of the emission of luminescent materials based on phosphate compounds of uranyl with rareearth elements is presented. The characteristic features of electron excitation energy transfer from UO₂ ²⁺ to Ln³⁺ at an abnormally high (from the viewpoint of concentration quenching) concentration of active ions in phosphate matrices are considered.     

Absorption of Powerful Light by Free Electrons in Crystals: Intraband Electron–Phonon Rabi Oscillations

Optics and Spectroscopy - The absorption of high-power visible or near-IR laser radiation by free electrons is calculated using the modified resonance approximation. The probabilities Wexc of...