An Infrared Method,with Reduced Solvent Consumption,for the Determination of Chlorsulfuron in Pesticide Formulations

A simple method has been developed for the determination of Chlorsulfuron in pesticide formulations by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Samples were diluted with CHCl_3^? , and the FTIR spectra of the samples and standards were obtained at a nominal resolution of 4 cm^? 1 from 4000 to 900 cm^? 1 with the accumulation of 25 scans. Chlorsulfuron determination was based on the measurement of peak area values from 1373 to 1363 cm^? 1 which were corrected by use of a two points baseline defined from 1401 to 1302 cm^? 1. The limit of detection achieved, which was of the order of 6 µg g^? 1, was appropriate for the determination of Chlorsulfuron in commercially available formulations. FTIR results were statistically comparable with those found by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The procedure reduces organic solvent consumption per sample to less than 3 ml CHCl₃, reduces waste generation and increases the sample measurement frequency up to 60 h^? 1.     

Vibrational Spectroscopy in Clinical Analysis

Abstract: Vibrational spectroscopy includes several different techniques, the most important of which are mid-infrared (IR), near-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. Raman and mid-IR spectroscopy are complementary techniques and usually both are required to completely measure the vibrational modes of a molecule. Vibrational spectrometry covers a series of well-established analytical methodologies suitable to be employed for both qualitative and quantitative purposes. In the first part of this review, we will focus on theoretical aspects related to vibrational techniques; in the second part, the most important papers, published during the period 2005–2014, related to clinical analysis performed with vibrational spectroscopy techniques will be critically discussed.     

荧光光谱法检测蜂蜜中腐霉利农药的含量

为了实现农产品中农药残留含量快速分析,根据荧光光谱的基本原理研究了腐霉利的荧光特性,对腐霉利-蜂蜜混合体系进行了研究,分析荧光强度与蜂蜜中腐霉利含量之间的关系。采用稳态荧光光谱仪分别检测腐霉利溶液和蜂蜜溶液的荧光光谱,纯蜂蜜溶液荧光峰在342 nm,腐霉利溶液的荧光峰在390 nm,通过逐次向纯蜂蜜溶液中添加0.1 g/d L的腐霉利标准溶液,发现相对于纯蜂蜜,荧光峰位置发生红移,说明腐霉利与蜂蜜中某些物质发生了相互作用。采用Origin8.5数据分析软件对蜂蜜的荧光峰值处荧光峰强度与腐霉利含量线性拟合后,发现蜂蜜溶液中腐霉利的含量与对应的荧光强度有良好的线性关系,预测函数模型为I=188504.75x+384764.33,相关系数为0.99。经过相同实验条件下的实验验证,模型预测准确率在96.8%~100%之间。研究结果表明:荧光光谱法检测蜂蜜中腐霉利残留含量的方法是行之有效的,为其他农产品中腐霉利农药残留含量的检测提供了参考依据。     

Quantitative Vibrational Spectrometry in the 21st Century: A Scientometric Evaluation

The state of the art of research on vibrational spectrometry–based quantitative methodologies was evaluated from the literature compiled in Analytical Abstracts from 1980. Medium and near infrared, Raman spectrometry, and photoacoustic methods of analysis were considered. The evolution of the number of published papers, the distribution of the literature as a function of the different application fields in which the vibrational methods were employed, and a study of the impact on this area of chemometric and automation studies clearly shows that, from the 1990s until now, the importance of vibrational spectrometry in application analysis has grown to reach maturity. This field provides alternative methods for industrial, environmental, and food analysis and in clinical studies. The most active research groups on these subjects have been identified from their scientific production in the first years of this century and from the journals in which this research is commonly published.     

Vibrational Spectral Biodiagnosis of Ocular Calcification

Abstract

Ocular calcification is a biological mineralization. It is also a well-known human ophthalmic disease but is a complex process because the pathophysiology of calcium deposition in ocular tissues depends on site-specific factors. Calcified deposits in the eyes are asymptomatic lesions; a serious consequence of ocular plaques is the potential partial or total loss of vision in the affected eye. Therefore, a better understanding of the exact compositional components and origin of calcified plaques in different eye tissues is necessary and merits exploration. The present review article includes information on different diagnostic or analytical techniques to examine human ocular calcification collected and compiled from 2005 to 2013, together with data on the application of vibrational spectroscopy in ophthalmology studies from 1990 onwards. This overview of ocular calcification is mainly focused on two aspects: the pathogenesis and mechanism of calcification in different ocular tissues and biomedical applications of vibrational spectroscopy to spectral biodiagnosis of eye tissues. A summary of the in vitro, in situ, and in vivo spectral information that is expected to assist physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of patients or satisfy patients of the clinical competence of the diagnosis is provided.     

Vibrational spectroscopy investigation using ab initio and density functional theory on flucytosine

The FT Raman and FTIR spectra of flucytosine were recorded in the region 3500–100 cm⁻¹ and 4000–400 cm⁻¹, respectively. The optimized geometry, wavenumber and intensity of the vibrational bands of flucytosine were obtained by ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) levels with complete relaxation in the potential energy surface using the 6‐31G(d,p) and 6‐311G(d,p) basis sets. A complete vibrational assignment aided by the theoretical harmonic frequency analysis is proposed. The harmonic vibrational wavenumbers calculated are compared with experimental FTIR and FT Raman spectra. The observed and the calculated wavenumbers are found to be in good agreement. The experimental spectra also coincide satisfactorily with those of theoretically constructed bar‐type spectrograms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Intercalated Kaolinites. Part I.

Abstract

The industrial application of kaolinite is closely related to its reactivity and surface properties. The reactivity of kaolinite can be tested by intercalation; that is, via the insertion of low-molecular-weight organic compounds between the kaolinite layers resulting in the formation of a nano-layered organo-complex. Although intercalation of kaolinite is an old and ongoing research topic, there is limited knowledge available on the reactivity of different kaolinites and the mechanism of complex formation, as well as on the structure of the complexes formed. Grafting and incorporation of exfoliated kaolinite in polymer matrices and other potential applications can open new horizons in the study of kaolinite intercalation. This article attempts to summarize (without completion) the most recent achievements in the study of kaolinite organo-complexes obtained with the most common intercalating compounds such as urea, potassium acetate, dimethyl sulphoxide, formamide, and hydrazine using vibrational spectroscopy combined with X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis.     

扬子克拉通西部金刚石的表面形貌特征及其振动光谱研究

基于金刚石表面形貌的研究,有可能为反演金刚石的形成环境及为金刚石的合成工艺设计提供科学线索。采用光学显微镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱对扬子克拉通西部的天然砂矿金刚石表面形貌与杂质氮、氢含量及有序度的关系研究结果表明,金刚石的表面形貌包括与晶体生长相关的微形貌、与晶体定向相关的熔蚀形貌、与晶体定向无关的熔蚀形貌及与应力形变相关的形貌等四大类;金刚石以IaAB型为主,氮含量介于22.90～752.40 μg·g-1之间,绝大部分样品的sp3杂化C-H键浓度含量高于sp2杂化C-H键,氢杂质的存在有利于A氮心向B氮心转变;sp3杂质C-H键的存在对金刚石表面出现的形貌类型可能不会造成实质性的影响,但极利于形成熔蚀坑;各种表面形貌的存在都会降低金刚石的表面有序度,但发育晕线者的表面有序度相对最高,而发育三角形生长片层者表面有序度最低。     

Vibrational spectroscopy of selective dental restorative materials

Recently, significant advancement has occurred in vibrational (Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] and Raman) spectroscopy associated with dental materials. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies have emerged as significant breakthrough techniques and offer exciting new possibilities in the area of dental materials. These techniques have been used to obtain chemical images of formulations and allow researchers to find out the in situ structure of materials. This review summarizes the information obtained from these two techniques and their application in dental material sciences. The presented database of vibrational spectroscopy facilitated the appropriate identification of frequently used dental materials ranging from filling, obturating, adhesive, lining/luting materials, and prosthodontics materials. Spectral peaks that are related to these materials are discussed in detail, which provided crucial data in understanding the chemical structural properties. The application of vibrational spectroscopy allowed for a quick differential identification of typical dental materials composed of organic and inorganic compounds. From our study as well as the literature reviewed, it appeared that investigators uniformly confirmed the benefits of vibrational spectroscopy concerning identification of chemical functional groups of different chemical compositions. The diagnostic and prognostic tools based on these technologies have the potential to revolutionize our concepts leading to improve materials sciences and clinical application.     

多菌灵农药的激光拉曼光谱分析

实验采集多菌灵农药的固体和液体拉曼光谱信号,对固体的原始拉曼光谱信号进行小波去噪预处理,利用正交试验方法筛选小波去噪参数的最优组合。结果表明,采用db2小波基函数、分解层数为2、阈值方案选择为rigrsure、重调方式为sln时,去噪效果最好,信噪比为62.483。根据不同官能团的振动模式,对去噪后的拉曼光谱分3个波数段(1 400～2 000,700～1 400,200～700 cm-1)进行谱峰归属和分析,得到了多菌灵农药分子在不同波数范围内的特征振动模式,其中,在619,725,964,1 022,1 265,1 274和1 478 cm-1处的拉曼信号较强,可作为固体多菌灵农药的特征峰。从多菌灵农药的液体拉曼光谱中,找到了629,727,1 001,1 219,1 258和1 365 cm-1特征峰,这些特征峰跟固体多菌灵农药的特征峰基本吻合。研究结果可为拉曼光谱分析技术在食品及农产品中农药残留的快速筛选提供判别依据。     

分子振动光谱法与中药研究的最新进展

本文叙述了分子振动光谱法（傅半叶变换拉曼光谱技术和傅立叶变换红外光谱技术）的量新发展与中药的无损定性鉴别、定量分析、热稳定性监控及中药优化的最新应用。报道了利用傅立叶变换拉曼光谱技术（ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ）和漫反射傅立叶变换２红外光谱技术（ＤＲ－ＦＴＩＲ）可以直接快速地鉴别生药材;利用漫反射傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术（ＤＲ－ＮＩＲ）可以无损定量分析中药材、中成药和方剂的组分含量利用ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ和ＨＡ     

Nano‐in‐Micro POxylated Polyurea Dendrimers and Chitosan Dry Powder Formulations for Pulmonary Delivery

Pulmonary administration offers excellent advantages over conventional drug delivery routes, including increasing therapeutics bioavailability, and avoiding long‐term safety issues. Formulations of nano‐in‐micro dry powders for lung delivery are engineered using (S)‐ibuprofen as a model drug. These biodegradable formulations comprise nanoparticles of drug‐loaded POxylated polyurea dendrimers coated with chitosan using supercritical‐fluid‐assisted spray drying. The formulations are characterized in terms of morphology, particle‐size distribution, in vitro aerodynamic particle pulmonary distribution, and glutathione‐S‐transferase assay. It is demonstrated that ibuprofen‐loaded nanoparticles can be successfully incorporated into microspheres with adequate aerodynamic properties, mass median aerodynamic diameter (1.86–3.83 μm), and fine particle fraction (28%–45%), for deposition into the deep lung. The (S)‐ibuprofen dry powder formulations show enhanced solubility, high swelling behavior and a sustained drug release at physiologic pH. Also, POxylated polyureas decrease the (S)‐ibuprofen toxic effect on cancer cellular growth. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium (MTS) assays show no significant cytotoxicity on the metabolic activity of human lung adenocarcinoma ephithelial (A549) cell line for the lowest concentration (1 × 10^?3 m ), even for longer periods of contact with the cells (up to 120 h), and in the normal human dermal fibroblasts cell line the toxic effect is also reduced.     

Vibrational Spectra and Assignments for 3,4-Dibromothiophene

Abstract

The infrared spectrum of 3,4-dibromothiophene has been studied from 4000 to 200 cm^?1. The Laser Raman spectrum has also been recorded and depolarization values have been measured. An assignment of the 21 fundamental vibrations is proposed based on group frequency correlations, Raman polarization data and comparison with the spectra of parent and some halogeno-substituted molecules.     

Terbium Sensitized Luminescence for the Determination of Ketoprofen in Pharmaceutical Formulations

This paper explores an ultra-sensitive luminescence method for the determination of Ketoprofen (KP) in pharmaceutical formulations. The technique is indirect and exploits the luminescence enhancement of terbium (Tb³⁺) by complexation with KP (Tb³⁺–KP), which was monitored at respective excitation and emission wavelengths of λ _ex = 258 nm and λ _em = 549 nm. The effect of varying the Tb³⁺ concentration and using multiple solvents was examined to determine optimal experimental conditions. Maximum sensitization was accomplished in the presence of methanol where the most favourable condition for the formation of the complex was recorded at a level of 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M of Tb³⁺. Under these optimum experimental conditions, linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 2.8 × 10⁻⁷–3.1 × 10⁻⁶ M with a detection limit of 8.7 × 10⁻⁸ M. The technique was validated with ‘working’ reference standards and produced relative standard deviations < 2% indicating that the reproducibility was highly acceptable. The proposed method was successfully applied to assays of KP in pharmaceutical formulations with average recoveries of 92–98%. The results were found to be in good agreement with those obtained by HPLC. The method is highly suited for general applications of this nature.     

振动光谱法研究布洛芬及其固体分散体

将拉曼光谱法与红外光谱法相结合,以期获得布洛芬更全面的结构信息.另外,为了验证Raman光谱法验证固体分散体的可行性,采用熔融法制备布洛芬固体分散体,并用Raman光谱法和红外光谱法研究其分散性.两种鉴别方法得到一致的结果——布洛芬与载体之间不存在相互作用,以微晶状态分散在固体分散体中,且拉曼光谱法简单易行、快速直接、...     

白钨矿的振动光谱与颜色成因初探

四川虎牙雪宝顶钨锡铍矿产出晶体硕大、形态完好的橘红色等颜色鲜艳的白钨矿。文章针对白钨矿颜色成因,利用X光粉晶衍射仪、电子探针、红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪对4组白钨矿样品谱学特征和化学成份进行研究。X光粉晶衍射仪获得了白钨矿的晶胞参数;电子探针分析获得该地颜色鲜艳的和无色白钨矿及其他无色白钨矿的化学成分;采用红外光谱和拉曼光谱分析了白钨矿的谱学特征并对特征吸收谱带和特征峰进行了归属。电子探针测试结果表明该区白钨矿化学成分接近理想值,振动光谱特征与一般白钨矿相类似表明不同颜色的白钨矿晶体结构基本一致。由此根据晶体场理论在颜色成因方面的解释推测橘红色白钨矿的颜色成因可能与白钨矿中超微晶体结构、矿物中微量元素或稀土元素有关。     

Spectrofluorimetric Assay of Temafloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations and in Serum

A simple and rapid assay is described for the determination of temafloxacin, 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl) 1,4- dihydro-4-oxoquinolin-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, in pharmaceutical formulations and in serum, based on the fluorescence emission of the drug. The assay of pharmaceuticals involves the measurement of fluorescence at 460 nm of the sample diluted in 0.1 H₂SO₄ with an excitation wavelenght of 276 nm and the assay of serum involves the use of the synchronous spectrofluorimetric method. An appropriate selection of the difference between the wavelengts of both monochromators (ΔΛ) allowed the direct and rapid determination of temafloxacin in serum samples without previous extraction. The procedure, which has been shown to be accurate, precise and sensitive requires only 0.25–0.4 ml of serum depending on the drug concentration.     

Vibrational Spectra of Benzylidene Aniline,O-Hydroxybenzylidene O-Hydroxyaniline and its Complexes with Cu(II) and NI(II) Metal Ions

Abstract

The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of benzylidene aniline, and o-hydroxybenzylidene o-hydroxyaniline compounds in the solid state in the wavenumber (1800-200 cm^?1) are recorded. An assignment for nearly all fundamentals are proposed. Comparison of the spectra of trans stilbene and benzylidene aniline reveals that v N-Ph stretch for the latter compound is situated at 1368 cm^?1 in the IR spectra with medium intensity. for o-hydroxybenzylidene o-hydroxyaniline, the stretching modes v N-Ph, and v C-Ph are observed at 1356 and 1226 cm^?1 respectively. the two v O-Ph are observed as intense bands in the IR spectra at 1245 and 1278 cm^?1, respectively. the FTIR spectra of the o-hydroxybenzylidene o-hydroxyaniline complexes with Cu(II) and Ni(II) metal ions are also recorded and assigned.     

Vibrational spectroscopy investigation using density functional theory on 7‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐2H‐1,2,4‐ benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide

The solid phase Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectral analysis of 7‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐2H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide (diazoxide), an antihypertensive agent was carried out along with density functional computations. The optimized geometry, wavenumber and intensity of the vibrational bands of diazoxide were obtained by DFT‐B3LYP level of theory with complete relaxation in the potential energy surface using 6‐31G(d,p) basis set. A complete vibrational assignment aided by the theoretical harmonic frequency analysis has been proposed. The harmonic vibrational wavenumbers calculated have been compared with experimental FTIR and FT Raman spectra. The observed and the calculated wavenumbers are found to be in good agreement. The experimental spectra coincide satisfactorily with those of calculated spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vibrational Spectral Characterization of the Interaction of Mold Dopes with Metal Molds and Glasses

Vibrational spectroscopy was applied in order to develop a better understanding concerning the interaction of typical currently-used mold dopes with metal molds and glass materials. Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to obtain phase and structural information with respect to the metal surfaces, the mold dope layers, and the glass surfaces upon their interaction at higher temperatures. Both types of spectral measurements were made on the samples at room temperature after various heat treatments, while in-situ Raman spectral measurements were made during the heat treatment of a dope-treated sample. The spectral changes during the heat treatments could be interpreted on the basis of structural changes. Their interpretation was consistent with the interpretation of other characterization data.