Laser Stark Spectroscopy and Isotopic Separation

A potentially useful scheme for photoselective isotope enrichment is presented. The selective laser excitation step is accomplished by utilizing the Stark effect to shift molecular transitions into resonance with laser frequencies. The method is demonstrated for isotope separation of ¹³C, ¹⁵N and ²H. Laser Stark spectroscopy can sensitively detect as few as 10⁹ molecules in the optical path, thus the isotopic separation can be achieved from industrial sample mixtures containing natural abundances. A comparison of the isotopic enrichment efficiency using the present method of “exact” resonance and the previously used method of “near” resonance excitation is also given.     

Non-Resonant Photoionization Optogal Vanic Effect in Hollow Cathode Glow Discharge

Abstract

This non-resonant optogalvanic effect caused by photoionization of the atoms lying at high excited levels is investigated in this work on the base of Neatoms in a hollow cathode glow discharge.     

钙离子自终止激光和复合激光同时振荡的研究

理论上分析了钙离子红外自终止激光和紫外复合激光存在同时振荡的可靠性,通过改进实验装置,首次获得钙离子的红外和紫外激光的同时振荡,二束激光输出总平均功率约70mW,其中红外和和紫外激光约各占一半。比较了不同谐振腔对激光输出特性的影响,测量并分析了激励电脉冲与所产生二束激光脉冲波形的关系。     

空气中激光支持爆轰波实验及理论分析

为了研究激光击穿空气产生的等离子体爆轰波形成机制和传播规律,利用高能量CO2激光器产生强激光,进行了空气中产生激光支持等离子体爆轰波实验。实验中:设置了诱导靶板,用于诱发和定位空气中的激光支持爆轰波;以激光器升压过程球隙放电产生的光信号作为触发源,触发高时间分辨率(纳秒级)的高速相机,记录了激光支持爆轰波的成长和传播全过程。分析了激光支持爆轰波的形成机理和传播规律。采用C-J爆轰理论,计算了激光支持爆轰波的压力和温度。研究结果表明:激光支持等离子体爆轰波形成初期,等离子体爆轰波发光体为球形;随着时间增加,等离子体爆轰波发光体的形状类似流星,且头部为等离子体前沿吸收层,亮度较高,而尾部等离子体温度较低,亮度较弱。等离子体爆轰波高速向激光源的方向移动,爆轰波速度高达18 km/s,温度约为107K。随着激光强度的减弱,爆轰波速度迅速按指数规律衰减,当爆轰波吸收的激光能量不能有效支持爆轰波传播时,爆轰波转变为冲击波。     

赝火花开关辉光放电腔的粒子模拟与实验研究

给出了赝火花开关所需辉光放电腔的具体要求,对赝火开关辉光放电腔进行了优化设计,并对优化后的放电腔进行了粒子模拟和实验研究。粒子模拟结果表明：此放电腔为辉光放电腔,辉光放电建立时间约18.5 ns;辉光放电时,此放电腔阴极位降占整个电位降的主要部分,且阴极位降区净离子密度为一常数。实验结果显示：此放电腔为辉光放电腔,其工作在Paschen曲线最低点左侧,放电电压随气压的升高而降低;当辉光放电电流为0.14～3.60 mA时,放电模式为正常辉光放电。     

赝火花开关辉光放电腔的粒子模拟与实验研究

 给出了赝火花开关所需辉光放电腔的具体要求,对赝火开关辉光放电腔进行了优化设计,并对优化后的放电腔进行了粒子模拟和实验研究。粒子模拟结果表明：此放电腔为辉光放电腔,辉光放电建立时间约18.5 ns;辉光放电时,此放电腔阴极位降占整个电位降的主要部分,且阴极位降区净离子密度为一常数。实验结果显示：此放电腔为辉光放电腔,其工作在Paschen曲线最低点左侧,放电电压随气压的升高而降低;当辉光放电电流为0.14～3.60 mA时,放电模式为正常辉光放电。     

小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪实验

基于空心阴极效应和低压辉光放电原理,设计了一种小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪并进行了实验研究,在低气压下获得了稳定的空心阴极辉光放电,测量电子枪放电结果表明:在空心阴极中加入灯丝热子可明显降低放电气压;电子束电流的大小随放电电压增大而增大,受气体气压影响较小;在气压2Pa,放电电压10kV,脉宽4μs脉冲下放电,可得到脉宽为2μs,电流为600mA的电子束。     

小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪实验

基于空心阴极效应和低压辉光放电原理,设计了一种小型空心阴极等离子体电子枪并进行了实验研究,在低气压下获得了稳定的空心阴极辉光放电,测量电子枪放电结果表明：在空心阴极中加入灯丝热子可明显降低放电气压;电子束电流的大小随放电电压增大而增大,受气体气压影响较小;在气压2 Pa,放电电压10 kV,脉宽4 μs脉冲下放电,可得到脉宽为2 μs,电流为600 mA的电子束。     

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采用蒙特卡罗模型对氮空心阴极放电等离子体鞘层离子(N2 、N )的输运过程进行了模拟研究,计算了阴极鞘层中氮离子(N2 、N )的能量及角分布的空间变化和粒子密度及平均能量随放电参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:空心阴极放电产生的氮离子,在鞘层输运过程中,N2 是密度几乎不变的低能粒子;N 是密度逐渐减少的高能粒子。随着电压增加,N 密度减小,平均能量增加;N2 密度和平均能量变化不明显。能量及入射角的相对分布规律与平板电极氮直流辉光放电基本类似,但圆筒空心阴极放电更有利于氮离子的产生。     

Carbon Nitride Thin Films Deposited by Plasma Assisted Nd:YAG Laser Ablation of Graphite in N2+H2 Atmosphere

Carbon nitride thin films are deposited on silicon wafers by 532 nm Nd:YAG laser ablation of graphite in the N2+H2 atmosphere assisted by a dc glow discharge plasma at a higher gas pressure of about 4.0 kPa. The properties of the thin films are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the deposited films are composed of α-C3N4, β-C3N4 phase and have the N/C atomic ratio of 2.01. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) studies indicate that the introduction of a dc glow discharge and the adoption of a higher gas pressure during the film deposition are favorable to the net generation of the atomic N, CN radicals and N+2 in B2Σ+u excited state in the plasma, which are considered to play a major role in the synthesis of carbon nitride.     

Determination of the concentration of metastable helium atoms in an atmospheric-pressure glow discharge

The spatial distribution of the concentration of metastable helium atoms in the cathode region of an atmospheric-pressure glow discharge in helium is measured by the method of atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 530–533, July–August, 2000.     

微空心阴极维持放电的实验研究

为在高气压下形成大体积均匀等离子体,将微空心阴极放电(MHCD)作为等离子体阴极,引入另一阳极而设计为微空心阴极维持放电(MCSD)的发生装置.实验研究了MCSD的产生放电条件,通过在氩气中添加少量氮气,分析氮分子第一正带系发射光谱的方法测量了MCSD中羽流区不同位置的气体温度.研究表明,当等离子体阴极电流增加到一个临...     

Application of Diode Lasers to Determine Excitation Temperature in Hollow Cathode Discharges by Optogalvanic Spectroscopy

The excitation temperatures of sputtered gadolinium and uranium atoms in an argon hollow cathode discharge have been determined by diode laser-excited optogalvanic spectroscopy. These results have been compared to those determined by conventional emission spectroscopy. It was found that the temperatures derived from each method do not differ very much, but the optogalvanic method revealed a better standard deviation uncertainty due to the good signal-to-background ratios and excellent spectral resolutions. Temperature variations with discharge currents ranging from 15 to 50 mA have been examined.     

Spectropolarization investigations of the region of the cathode drop in the potential of a helium glow discharge at atmospheric pressure

The dimensions of the region of the cathode drop in potential in a helium glow discharge at atmospheric pressure (in Kiselevskii’s plasma source) are determined. Using Stark spectroscopy of the Balmer-series hydrogen line H_β the spatial distribution of the constant and variable components of the electric-field strength is measured. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 362–368, May–June, 1999.     

Diagnostics of the Cathode-Drop Region of Glow Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure by the Helium and Hydrogen Line Profiles

The profiles of H-hydrogen and HeI 492.2-nm lines in the cathode-drop region of self-maintained glow discharge in helium at atmospheric pressure have been measured. A calculation method is proposed and calculations have been made of the line profiles of hydrogen and helium in a combined electric field having a constant and a fluctuating component. The strength values of the constant and variable components of the electric field, measured with the help of helium and hydrogen lines, are in good agreement.     

侧面抽运掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的理论研究

建立了侧面抽运掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的数值模型,推导出激光分布的近似解析式,并进行了数值模拟,得到了光纤内抽运光和激光功率的分布特性,以及激光输出功率随抽运光注入位置,光纤长度以及端镜反射率的变化关系.结果表明,抽运光注入位置对激光分布和激光输出功率有较大的影响.     

多波长混沌掺铒光纤环形激光器实验研究

利用掺铒光纤环形激光器(EDFRL),基于光纤的非线性克尔效应,实验实现了多波长混沌激光输出。实验研究了EDFRL在时序上通过倍周期进入混沌的路径,并进行了理论分析,理论研究与实验结果一致。实验结果表明,随着抽运功率的增加,其光谱的输出呈现多波长,激光器最多可输出5个不同波长的混沌激光。采用光纤光栅进行滤波后,各个波长的输出均呈现混沌状态。     

Magnetic Field Enhancement of the Optogalvanic Signal in a Hollow Cathode Discharge

An optogalvanic signal enhancement was obtained in a magnetic field applied on a hollow cathode discharge-detector. In this magnetic field a mutual correlation was observed between optogalvanic signal behaviour, discharge current change and lower level population of the transition corresponding to the 632,8 nm laser irradiation spectral line.     

空间激光通信中湍流信道光束传输仿真

对大气光信道特性的研究是空间激光通信研究的重要组成部分。首先以大气湍流理论为基础,阐述了激光在大气中传输时受到的大气湍流的影响和分析方法。接着重点对近年来应用日益广泛的空间激光通信的数值仿真方法进行了综述。不仅介绍了基本传输方程及其求解方法,还对采用数值方法模拟光波在随机介质中传播的若干关键技术进行了分析。最后结合现有的研究成果,说明了数值方法在空间激光通信中的应用。     

低频波长调制光谱的理论与实验研究

通过调制半导体激光外腔压电陶瓷的电压实现低频波长调制 ,并慢扫描激光器的波长 ,测量了CS 原子D2线 [6S1 2 (F =4)→ 6P3 2 ]的吸收光谱 ,利用锁相放大器处理了二次、四次、六次谐波信号 ,实验结果与理论分析相吻合 ,在实验过程中还发现高次谐波探测可以有效地提高探测信号的信噪比