Plasma Polarization Around Dust Particle in an External Electric Field

The effect of plasma polarization around a negatively charged dust particle is investigated with the help of Monte Carlo simulation of ion trajectories in the electric field of the dust particle and an external electric field. The induced dipole moment of such a system was estimated in a wide range of dust particle and plasma parameters. It is shown that the dipole moment is very large, and has a non‐monotonous dependence on the external electric field. For a small external electric field, it weakly depends on the charge of the dust particle. The dipole moment reduces with the decrease of ion mean free path (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Charged dust grain acceleration in tokamak edges

It is shown that the force associated with the normal component of the space charge electric field at the plasma surface, arising from the charge separation, can accelerate a charged dust particle that is sitting in the scrape-off layer (SOL) close to the chamber walls in tokamaks. The acceleration of dust particle is found to be proportional to the strength of the space charge electric field and inversely proportional to the square root of the dust mass density.     

Self-consistent nonlinear resonance and hysteresis of a charged microparticle in a RF sheath

A self-consistent model is proposed to study nonlinear phenomena, such as secondary resonance and hysteresis in the vertical oscillations of a charged microparticle in a radio-frequency sheath. The motion of a single microparticle in the sheath is simulated by solving Newton's equation in which various forces acting on the particle are taken into account. The particle charging and the sheath electric field are described by a self-consistent model of the collisional radio-frequency sheath dynamics. It is found that the nonlinearity is related to the particle's charge, the sheath electric field, and the external excitation force, as well as the ion drag force and neutral-gas friction on the particle.     

Detection of elementary charges on colloidal particles

We have succeeded in determining the charge of individual colloidal particles with resolution higher than the elementary charge. The number of elementary charges on a particle is obtained from the analysis of optical tracking data of weakly charged silica spheres in an electric field in a nonpolar medium. The analysis also yields an accurate value of the particle size. Measurement of the charge as a function of time reveals events in which the particle loses or gains an elementary charge due to ionization or recombination processes at the surface.     

Effect of ion mean free path length on plasma polarization behind a dust particle in an external electric field

In this paper, a self‐consistent numerical model that describes the behavior of plasma around an isolated, highly charged dust particle is presented. Using the developed model, self‐consistent distributions of the space charge density and plasma potential in the presence of an external electric field are obtained. These distributions are thoroughly analysed though Legendre decomposition. For different dust plasma parameters, such as the radius of the dust particle, the amplitude of the external field, and the mean free path of ions, the dipole moment of the ion cloud surrounding the dust particle is calculated. It turns out that the dependencies of the dipole moment on the value of the external electric field obtained for different parameters are reduced to a single curve by simple scaling.     

Motion of nonspherical dust particle under the action of electromagnetic radiation

Equation of motion of realistically shaped particle in the circumstellar dust shell is derived under the action of electromagnetic radiation including the gravity of central body. The effect is considered to the accuracy , where is particle's velocity in a given inertial frame of reference and c is the speed of light. Equation of motion is expressed in terms of particle's optical properties, standardly used in optics for stationary particles.

Application to nonspherical dust particle in the Solar System with initial orbital elements identical to those of comet Encke is presented as an example. It is shown that the motion of nonspherical submicron- and small micron-sized particle may significantly differ from the motion for spherical particle of an identical volume.     

Tunneling Radiation of a Torus-Like Black Hole in Anti-de Sitter Space-Time

An extension of the Parikh-Wilczek's semi-classical quantum tunneling method, the tunneling radiation of the charged particle from a torus-like black hole is investigated. Difference from the uncharged mass-less particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunneling from the black hole is not light-like, but determined by the phase velocity. The derived result shows that the tunneling rate depends on the emitted particle's energy and electric charge, and takes the same functional form as uncharged particle. It proves also that the exact emission spectrum is not strictly pure thermal, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory. PACS Numbers: 04.70.Dy, 97.60.Lf, 05.30.Ch.     

Levitation and dynamics of a collection of dust particles in afully ionized plasma sheath

Examines the dynamics of a collection of charged dust particles in the plasma sheath above a large body in a fully ionized space plasma when the radius of the large body is much larger than the sheath thickness. The dust particles are charged by the plasma, and the forces on the dust particles are assumed to be from the electric field in the sheath and from gravitation only. These forces will often act in opposite directions and may balance, making dust suspension and collection possible. The dust particles are supplied by injection or by electrostatic levitation. The ability of the sheath to collect dust particles, will be optimal for a certain combination of gravitation and plasma and dust particle parameters. In a dense dust sheath, the charges on the dust particles contribute significantly to the total space charge, and collective effects become important. These effects will reduce the magnitude of the sheath electric field strength and the charge on the dust particles. As dust particles are collected, the dust sheath is stretched and the largest dust particles may drop out, because the sheath is no longer able to suspend them. In a tenuous dust sheath, the inner layer, from the surface and about one Debye length thick, will be unstable for dust particle motion, and dust will not collect there. In a dense dust sheath, collective effects will decrease the thickness of this inner dust-free layer, making dust collection closer to the surface possible. By linearization of the force and current equations, the necessary and sufficient conditions for a stable dust sheath are found. The authors consider conditions which resemble those of planetary system bodies, but the results may also be of relevance to some laboratory plasmas     

Interaction between glow discharge plasma and dust particles

The effect of dust particle concentration on gas discharge plasma parameters was studied through development of a self-consistent kinetic model which is based on solving the Boltzmann equation for the electron distribution function. It was shown that an increase in the Havnes parameter causes an increase in the average electric field and ion density, as well as a decrease in the charge of dust particles and electron density in a dust particle cloud. Self-consistent simulations for a wide range of plasma and dust particle parameters produced several scaling laws: these are laws for dust particle potential and electric field as a function of dust particle concentration and radius, and the discharge current density. The simulation results demonstrate that the process of self-consistent accommodation of parameters of dust particles and plasma in condition of particle concentration growth causes a growth in the number of high-energy electrons in plasma, but not to depletion of electron distribution function.     

Levitation of charged macroparticles in the anode region of a glow discharge

Levitation of dust particles in the anode region of a dc glow discharge was observed for the first time. A dust cloud of several tens of particles formed at a distance of several millimeters above the central part of the anode. When the discharge parameters were varied, the shape of the cloud and its position above the anode varied. An analysis of the experimental conditions revealed that these particles are positively charged in contrast to other experiments on the levitation of dust particles in a gas-discharge plasma. An estimate of the particle charge taking into account processes of electron emission from their surface is consistent with results of measurements of the electric field strength.     

Attraction mechanism of like-charged aerosol particles in a moving conductive medium

We analyze the structure of the space electric charge that appears in the vicinity of a charged dust particle in a moving conductive medium. We show that when the conduction currents play a major role, the screening space charge is concentrated in the form of a thin wake behind the dust particle, while the total Coulomb field forms a dipole structure and serves as an attractive center for other particles with charges of the same sign. We consider the pairing conditions for such particles. Including the polarization contribution from the dust component to the permittivity radically changes the field structure when the dust particle concentration approaches the dissipative instability threshold. In this case, the zone of attraction of like-charged dust particles expands sharply. Estimates suggest that the effects under consideration can govern the formation of regular structures in a moving dusty plasma at fairly high pressures, P > 0.1–1 mbar.     

Impact of accumulated dust particles' charge on the photovoltaic module performance

This work is focused on analysing effect of accumulated dust particles' charge on PV module performance. In the Dundee University's laboratory, dust particles have been created through epoxy powder and charged by using corona and tribo-electric charging methods by varying the charge levels of the accumulated dust particles. The PV module output has analysed for finding a relation between charge levels of the accumulated dust particles and its output voltage. Obtained experimental results have shown that charge level of accumulated dust particles on PV module's have significant impact on its output and dust particle accumulations are not associated with panel tilt angle.     

Interactions of charged dust particles in clouds of charges

Two charged dust particles inside a cloud of charges are considered as Debye atoms forming a Debye molecule. Cassini coordinates are used for the numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the charged cloud. The electric force acting on a dust particle by the other dust particle was determined by integrating the electrostatic pressure on the surface of the dust particle. It is shown that attractive forces appear when the following two conditions are satisfied. First, the average distance between dust particles should be approximately equal to two Debye radii. Second, attraction takes place when similar charges are concentrated predominantly on the dust particles. If the particles carry a small fraction of total charge of the same polarity, repulsion between the particles takes place at all distances. We apply our results to the experiments with thermoemission plasma and to the experiments with nuclear-pumped plasma.     

The influence of dust particle geometry on its charge and plasma potential

In this paper, a self‐consistent numerical model describing the behaviour of plasma around isolated highly charged dust particles with different shapes of rotation figures is presented. Dust particles in the form of a sphere, oblate ellipsoids (disk‐like particles), and elongated ellipsoids (rod‐like particles) are considered in the presence of an external electric field. Using the developed model, self‐consistent distributions of a space charge and plasma potential are obtained around non‐spherical dust particles. These distributions are carefully analysed by decomposing them in a series of Legendre polynomials. Decompositions of these distributions are compared with particles of different geometry. In addition, for different geometries of dust particles, the dependencies of the charge of a dust particle on geometry in the absence of an external field are investigated.     

Electric field and Lorentz force contribution to atmospheric vortex phenomena

The physics that initiate and sustain tornados and dust devils is still under investigation. Forces that operate throughout a wide range of scales and could contribute to atmospheric vortex phenomena are the Lorentz force and the force of electric fields. The Lorentz force results in a circular motion of charged particles in a magnetic field. An electric field will pull or repel a charged particle in the direction of the field. This paper will demonstrate that the Lorentz force and the force of electric fields, acting on charged particles that exist in atmospheric vortex phenomena, plausibly contribute to the set of physics that will explain tornados and other atmospheric vortex phenomena.     

工业中粉体颗粒的荷电机理及数值模拟方法

工业过程中粉体颗粒不可避免地会相互摩擦碰撞而荷电. 荷电颗粒的存在可能会危害正常的工业生产过程, 也可能对工业过程起促进作用. 因此, 荷电粉体颗粒及其特性受到了广泛的关注, 但目前对粉体颗粒的荷电机理依然缺乏透彻的了解, 尤其是在气固两相流动中的粉体颗粒荷电现象. 事实上, 工业中存在的粉体颗粒的运动都受到流体的影响, 是典型的气固两相流系统, 流体对粉体颗粒的作用使粉体颗粒接触的荷电现象变得更为复杂, 因此从两相流动的观点来研究粉体颗粒荷电的物理本质就显得越来越重要. 本文介绍了工业过程中的几种不同类型的粉体颗粒荷电行为, 回顾了颗粒的荷电机理与描述颗粒荷电的数学模型. 对于工业过程中颗粒的荷电现象及颗粒在多相流体中的动力学行为, 介绍了研究颗粒受流体影响时荷电特性的数值模拟方法. 本文旨在对粉体颗粒的荷电机理、应用以及研究方法进行梳理与探讨, 为正确认识工业过程中粉体颗粒的荷电现象并加以控制利用提供理论借鉴.     

E2》H2的均匀正交电磁场中带电粒子的相对论运动

通过求解带电粒子在均匀电场中与坐标系选取无关的三维矢量相对论运动方程,进而利用洛伦兹变换方法,求得了带电粒子在E2>H2的均匀正交电磁场中相对论运动轨迹的一般三维矢量式.并使用Mathematica软件在直角坐标系中描绘了相应的粒子相对论运动轨迹图.     

空间尘埃等离子体对量子卫星通信性能的影响

为了研究尘埃等离子体中带电尘埃的粒子半径、粒子浓度和带电荷数对量子通信性能的影响,首先根据Mie散射理论得到单个带电尘埃粒子的光散射截面;然后通过粒子浓度求出总的消光截面,得出链路衰减的数学模型,提出了带电粒子特性与量子纠缠度的关系;针对退极化信道,当单个尘埃粒子所吸附带电粒子的个数为50时,给出了尘埃粒子半径、粒子浓度与信道容量和量子误码率的定量关系.仿真结果表明,当量子信号的传输距离为10km时,尘埃粒子浓度从1×10~(10) m~(-3)增加到10×10~(10) m~(-3),信道容量从0.6726降低到0.1075;尘埃粒子半径从0.1μm增加到10μm时,量子误码率由1.334×10~(-3)增加到5.309×10~(-3).由此可见,尘埃等离子体中带电尘埃粒子的半径和浓度对量子卫星通信性能有显著的影响.因此,为确保量子通信的可靠性,应根据所探测到的等离子体环境的状况,调整卫星通信系统的各项指标参数.     

Studies of the dynamic behaviour of charged dust particles in high electric fields using laser Doppler velocimetry

As a preliminary study for the collection of dust particles in an electrostatic precipitator, laser Doppler velocimetry has been used to measure the velocity of small dust particles charged in the high electric field of a model electrostatic precipitator. A differential optical system is adopted for the velocimeter. The period-measuring system is used to analyse Doppler beat signals and to obtain velocity data from them. By means of the laser Doppler velocimeter, the dynamic behaviour of the velocity and direction of moving dust particles is fully revealed as a function of the applied electric voltage in the entire collecting space of the model electrostatic precipitator, and is shown in vectorial flow diagrams of particle velocity.     

Small-amplitude nonlinear dust acoustic wave a magnetized dustyplasma with charge fluctuation

Some properties of nonlinear dust acoustic waves in magnetized dusty plasma with variable charges by reductive perturbation technique have been studied. The effect of adiabatic dust charge variations under the assumption that the ratio of dust charging time to the dust hydrodynamical time is very small, and the nonadiabatic dust charges variations under the assumption that the same ratio is small but finite, are also incorporated. It is seen that the magnetic field and the dust charge variations significantly modify the wave amplitude. It is also seen that in case of adiabatic charge variations, the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation governs the nonlinear dust acoustic wave, whereas in case of nonadiabatic dust charge variations, the wave is governed by the KdV Burger equation. Nonadiabaticity generated anomalous dissipative effect causes generation of the dust acoustic shock wave. Numerical integration of KdV Burger equation shows that the dust acoustic wave admits oscillatory (dispersion dominant) or monotone (dissipation dominant) shock solutions depending on the magnitude of the coefficient of the Burger term