Recent hyperfine structure investigations in the configurations 4f 136s 2, 4f 136s6p,and 4f 125d6s 2 of Tm I

By use of optical hyperfine structure investigations in the Tm I spectrum theA- values of 20 levels of the configurations 4f ¹³ 6s 6p and 4f ¹² 5d 6s ² and theA-value of 4f ¹³ 6s ^{2 2} F _5/2 were determined very accurately. These data and tenA-factors from former experiments are used for theoretical calculations. 30A-factors have been interpolated from intermediate coupling wave functions using 9 effective mono-electronic parameters. The r.m.s. deviation between experimental and theoreticalA- values amounts to 0.5 10^?3 cm^?1 and represents 3/100 of the average value of the measuredA-factors.     

YAB晶体中Yb3+到Er3+的能量传递

1.55 μm波段是光通讯的一个重要波段,而且对人眼安全,有高的大气透过率,因此可以广泛应用于通讯和遥感测距等领域。由于Er³⁺离子对商品化的InGaAs激光二极管的抽运波长不能有效吸收,因此一般通过在基质中共掺杂Yb³⁺和Er³⁺离子来获得1.55 μm波段激光输出。采用助熔剂法生长了不同Yb³⁺和Er³⁺掺杂浓度的YAl₃(BO₃)₄(YAB)晶体。运用速率方程模型研究了晶体中Yb³⁺到Er³⁺能量传递过程,得到了根据Yb³⁺离子的荧光寿命计算能量传递系数的简单计算公式。计算了不同掺杂离子浓度的YAB晶体中的能量传递系数等相关参数。结果表明,在YAB晶体中,Yb³⁺到Er³⁺能量传递非常有效,YAB晶体可以作为一种能获得1.55 μm激光输出的良好介质材料。     

不同波长激发下YLiF4：Er3+,Tm3+,Yb3+的发光

水热法合成了YLiF₄:Er³⁺,Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺,其中Er³⁺、Yb³⁺和Tm³⁺的摩尔分数分别为1%、1.5%和2%。当用355nm光激发时,其发光为蓝色,峰值位于450nm,对应于Tm³⁺的¹D₂→³F₄跃迁。用378nm激发时,发光为绿色,主要发光峰位于552nm。980nm光激发时,发光为白色,发光峰分别位于665(651),552(543),484,450nm处,并在648nm处还观察到了一个发光峰,其中最强的发射为红光。YLiF₄:Er³⁺,Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺的蓝光来源于Tm³⁺的激发态¹G₄到基态³H₆的跃迁,绿光来源于Er³⁺的⁴S_3/2和²H_11/2到基态⁴I_15/2的跃迁,红光既来源于Tm³⁺的¹G₄→³F₄的跃迁,也来源于Er³⁺的⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2的跃迁。在上转换发光中,还探测到了紫外光359nm的发射。监测665nm得到的激发光谱不同于监测552nm的激发光谱,在665nm的激发光谱中出现了对应Tm³⁺的¹G₄能级的峰。在双对数曲线中,蓝光484nm、绿光552nm和红光665nm的斜率分别为2.25、2.28和2.21,紫外光359nm的斜率为2.85。因此在980nm激发下,蓝光484nm、绿光552nm和红光665nm都是双光子过程,紫外光359nm的发射是三光子过程。     

Excitation of Intra-4f Shell Luminescence of Rare Earth Ions (Er3+ and Yb3+) by the Energy Transfer from Si Nanocrystals

Photoluminescence (PL) properties of SiO₂ films containing Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) and Er³⁺ (Yb³⁺) were studied. PL peaks attributable to the recombination of electron–hole pairs in nc-Si (1.5eV) and the intra-4f shell transition of Er³⁺ (0.81eV) (Yb³⁺ (1.26eV)) were observed simultaneously at room temperature. Correlation of the two peaks was studied as a function of nanocrystalline size. It was found that the intensity of the Er³⁺-related (Yb³⁺-related) peak increases drastically as the size of nc-Si decreases. Temperature dependence of PL spectra was studied. In the case of Yb-doped samples, temperature quenching of the PL became small as the size decreased, while in the case of Er-doped samples, no remarkable temperature dependence was observed. Two major features of the quantum size effects of nc-Si, i.e., the band-gap widening and the increase in the PL efficiency with decreasing the size, are thought to contribute to the improvement of room temperature PL efficiency of Er³⁺ (Yb³⁺).     

Yb3+：Pr3+：ZBLAN光纤中4f5d上转换激发的理论研究

利用粒子数速率方程和相关的辐射跃迁理论,计算了Yb³⁺:Pr³⁺:ZBLAN光纤中Pr³⁺离子4f5d能级两步上转换激发的动力学过程.得到不同Pr³⁺掺杂浓度下,激发光的光谱强度和粒子数密度的纵向分布和有效光纤长度随激发光的光谱强度的变化关系.另外,还得到了4f5d荧光强度与入射光强、光纤长度和Pr³⁺掺杂浓度的关系,给出了激发效率与激发光的光谱强度和Pr³⁺掺杂浓度的关系.     

钒酸钇的基质施主合作能量传递导致的镱离子的近红外量子剪裁发光

稀土材料的红外和可见量子剪裁对于寻找更好能量效率的发光材料来说都是一个激动人心的发展。发光效率的最大上限值能从100%提高到200%甚至更高。在第一代晶硅太阳能电池与第二代薄膜太阳能电池之后第三代的聚光太阳能电池已成为目前的重点发展方向。现在,利用稀土材料的近红外量子剪裁发光效应有可能较好的解决太阳光谱与太阳能电池光电响应之间存在的光谱失配的问题,因此有可能较大幅度的提高太阳能电池的发电效率,因而具有重要的意义与价值。研究了钒酸钇晶体基质中Yb3+离子的近红外量子剪裁发光现象,测量了从可见到红外的钒酸钇晶体的发光谱、激发谱与荧光寿命,测量发现钒酸钇晶体基质能带在约322.0nm光激发时能导致有效的从钒酸钇晶体基质到Yb3+离子的二级合作能量传递,进而导致了很强的Yb3+离子的985.5nm2 F5/2→2 F7/2的近红外量子剪裁发光,同时,钒酸钇晶体基质的位于430.0nm的发光强度大幅降低。测量发现:(A)Yb(1.5)∶YVO4晶体的430.0nm的荧光寿命值为τA=3.785μs;(B)YVO4晶体的430.0nm的荧光寿命值为τB=22.72μs;研究计算发现总的理论量子剪裁效率上限值为η1.5%Yb=183.3%。     

Tb3+掺杂Y2O3纳米晶体中Tb3+离子4f5d跃迁及能量传递的研究

采用燃烧法制备了不同Tb3 掺杂浓度和不同粒径的Y2O3:Tb纳米晶体粉末样品,并通过高温退火获得了相应Tb3 掺杂浓度的体材料样品。测量了纳米和体材料样品的发射光谱、激发光谱、X射线衍射谱和荧光衰减曲线,并拍摄了不同粒径样品的透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片。研究纳米Y2O3∶Tb晶体粉末中Tb3 离子的4f5d跃迁发现,由于在近表面的低结晶度环境和颗粒内部的高结晶度环境中Tb3 离子4f5d跃迁对应的激发峰位置不同,不同粒径样品中处于这两种环境的Tb3 离子比例也不同,激发谱的谱线形状存在较大差别,还对Tb3 离子的能量传递进行了研究,发现Y2O3∶Tb晶体粉末中Tb3 的(5D3,7F6)→(5D4,7F0)能量传递类型为受纳米限域效应影响很大的电偶极电偶极相互作用;引起5D4→7F5(543nm)发光浓度猝灭的是不同Tb3 离子5D4能级之间交换相互类型的能量传递,此类型的能量传递受纳米限域效应影响较小。     

镱浓度对钬镱双掺二氧化钛上转换发光的影响

以钛酸丁酯为前躯体,乙醇为溶剂,冰乙酸为催化剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2∶Ho3+/Yb3+上转换发光纳米粉体,并研究其上转换发光机制.通过X射线衍射,能谱及扫描电镜对样品进行表征,结果表明样品是金红石型结构的粉体,样品中含有所掺杂的元素Ho和Yb,样品颗粒非常细小,直径约为100 nm,呈球形,并有明显的团聚现象.在常温下选用中心波长为980 nm、最大输出功率500 mV二极管激光器作激发光源测定样品的上转换发光性能,结果显示:在TiO2∶Ho3+/Yb3+样品的上转换荧光光谱中观察到红光和绿光,且绿光的强度比红光的强,绿光的强度约是红光强度的两倍,当Yb3+离子浓度为2.5 mol%时,位于543 nm处绿光的发射强度达到最大值.并详细研究了上转换发光机制.     

镱浓度对钬镱双掺二氧化钛上转换发光的影响

以钛酸丁酯为前躯体,乙醇为溶剂,冰乙酸为催化剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2∶Ho3+/Yb3+上转换发光纳米粉体,并研究其上转换发光机制.通过X射线衍射,能谱及扫描电镜对样品进行表征,结果表明样品是金红石型结构的粉体,样品中含有所掺杂的元素Ho和Yb,样品颗粒非常细小,直径约为100 nm,呈球形,并有明显的团聚现象...     

基质中非4 f组态的电子态对Pr3+离子发光的影响

三价镨离子(Pr3+)是一种备受关注的稀土发光离子。学者们在过去几十年里对其发光性质进行了大量的理论和实验研究。在不同的基质材料中,由于非4f 组态的电子态与 Pr3+离子发光能级相互作用,Pr3+离子可以展现从紫外到红外波段的不同特征的光发射。影响 Pr3+离子发光的这些电子态可能源于4f5d 激发组态、电荷迁移态或类激子态。本文中,我们以几种具有代表性的发光材料为例,简短地总结和评述了 Pr3+离子发光的不同谱形；也尝试解释了几个新颖的实验现象,例如：杂质束缚激子态和电荷迁移态对发光的猝灭影响。我们希望这些相关概念和谱学结果的整理有助于读者更好地理解一些实验上的发光现象,并为设计发光材料提供新的思路。     

氟化锆基质材料中单掺Yb3+的上转换特性

在众多的稀土掺杂氧化物、氟化物或氟氧化物基质材料的能量上转换研究当中,Yb^3 单独掺杂的能量上转换研究在国内报道的很少。这是因为,研究者们普遍都认为Yb^3 只是一种良好的敏化剂,主要起能量转移作用。采用固相合成法,稀土Yb单独掺杂ZrF4基质材料,在1200℃烧结合成了粉末样品。样品用功率为几mW的半导体红外激光980nm激发,肉眼就可看到上转换的明亮的红光。在实验室用功率为几十mW的半导体红外激光980nm激发,用光谱仪测量到红、绿、蓝及紫4个波段的上转换荧光光谱,其波峰在412,478,558,671nm波长处,实验反复验证,认为上转换来自Yb^3 的准能级向Yb^3 基态^2F7／2的跃迁。     

Long-range coulomb interaction of electrons of 4f orbitals in impurity centers Yb3+: KZnF3, CsCaF3, and Sm3+: CaF2

Expressions for calculating the matrix elements of the Coulomb interaction of f electrons of the isolated ion with an infinite crystal lattice have been obtained. The contribution of this interaction to the parameters of the crystal field in impurity centers Yb³⁺: KZnF₃, CsCaF₃, and Sm³⁺: CaF₂ has been calculated.     

Highly efficient 1 GHz repetition-frequency femtosecond Yb3+:KY(WO4)2 laser

We present a highly efficient, diode-pumped, femtosecond Yb3+:KY(WO4)2 (Yb:KYW) laser operating at a 1.024 GHz repetition rate. The output was centered at a wavelength of 1042 nm and had a bandwidth of 3.8 nm, leading to transform-limited pulses with durations of 278 fs determined by fringe-resolved autocorrelation measurements. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency and slope efficiency were 61% and 69%, respectively, and the relative intensity noise was <0.1%.     

Near-infrared emission of Yb3+ through energy transfer from ZnO to Yb3+ in glass ceramic containing ZnO nanocrystals

Yb(3+)-doped glass and glass ceramic containing ZnO nanocrystals were prepared by the melting-quenching method and subsequent heat treatment. Intense near-IR emission around 1000 nm that originated from the transition of Yb(3+):(2)F(5/2)→(2)F(7/2) was generated as a result of energy transfer from oxygen interstitials in ZnO nanocrystals to Yb(3+) with energy transfer efficiency of about 10%. The quantum yield for the near-IR emission of Yb(3+) under the excitation of 390 nm was about 16.7%. These materials have potential application in achieving high-efficiency Si solar cells via spectrum modification.     

Yb3+,Er3+掺杂的SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉材料的发光特性

根据Dorenbos能级模型的推论,利用掺杂Yb3+和Er3+对典型的长余辉材料SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+(简称SAO:ED)的发光特性(发光强度和余辉时间)进行调制.在发光特性分析中,发展并使用了一种简便易行的解析模型,而不是常用的多项e指数衰减函数的经验模型.研究发现,正如Dorenbos所预言的,Yb+3掺杂确实能够提高SAO:ED的发光强度;但进一步研究发现,Yb3+不完全是发光中心,而是一种辅助激发中心.Er3+掺杂效果也和Dorenbos的预言相同,即它是一种俘获中心;但是当Er3+和Yb3+共掺杂时,Er3+却有一种脱俘作用,使得初始发光强度增强,衰减常数变小,但蓄光能力变化不大.     

Measurement of cross-section of excitation transfer from 3s2 to 4s1 and 5s1 energy levels of neon

Collision induced non-radiative transitions in neon plasma have been studied using high intra-cavity radiation field of a 633 nm He-Ne laser. The transitions, induced from 3s ₂ energy level to 4s₁ and 5s₁ groups of energy levels, have been detected as changes in intensities of the spectral lines originating from these energy levels. From these intensity measurements, the quantities governing the transitions i.e. (i)S ₃ ^e /S _3RT , the ratio of the probabilities of electronic deexcitation to the total radiative deexcitation of energy level 3 (ii) 〈r ₂₃ ^e v _e〉, rate of excitation transfer per particle and (iii)S ₂₃ ^e , the total probability for excitation transfer from level 2 to level 3 at a certain value of electron density have been calculated.