Study of Infrared and Electronic Spectra Of N-Exadecyl-8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxamide Complexes

The infrared and electronic spectra of twelve amphiphilic complexes of N-hexadecyl-8-hydroxy-2-quinoline carboxamide (HL) have been investigated. In IR spectra a linear relationship between the v (C-O) frequency in C-O-M bond of the complexes and the relative atomic weight of the central metal ions and a linear relationship between the v (C-O) frequency and the ionization potential of the central metal (M →M²⁺(g)+2e) were obtained. These complexes appeared to fall into two groups. One is the complexes of closed-shell metal ions such as Ca(II), Mg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Al(III), La(III) and Gd(III) ion, the other is the complexes of transitional metal ions such as Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ion. All these complexes can form stable monolayer and can be deposited as uniform LB films.     

消除溶剂水吸收峰干扰的红外光谱测量新方法

水在中红外波段的强吸收有时会遮蔽水溶液中溶质的特征峰,从而干扰溶质的红外谱带归属和分析。提出了一种新方法,控制水峰的吸收强度逐渐变化(强→弱→消失),从而得到高质量的红外光谱。利用单次ATR附件,通过先扫描空ATR晶体N次,经短暂暂停后,再继续扫描载有纯水(或参比溶液)的ATR晶体M次,这样累加得到的背景单光束谱(N+M次扫描)中水的吸收强度就直接与扫描次数N和M相关。选择足够大的扫描次数N和合适的扫描次数M,就可以彻底扣除水峰的干扰。利用该方法,成功获得了K₂CO₃溶液和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)溶液的消除了水吸收峰的高质量红外光谱。实验结果证实新方法具有快速、高效等优点。文中也讨论了该方法的局限性。     

Infrared absorption spectra of 2,3- and 3,5-dichloroaniline

The infrared absorption spectra of 2,3- and 3,5-dichloroanilines have been recorded in the region 250–4000 cm⁻¹. The spectra of the latter are recorded in solid phase (KBr and Nujol mull) and in CS₂/CCl₄ and CHCl₃ solutions while that of the former in thin film only. The spectra have been analysed assuming C ₃ and C_2v point group symmetry respectively and a tentative assignment of the observed bands to different fundamental modes has been made.     

Unusual Bands in the Infrared Spectra of Some Chars

Abstract

When organic materials are charred at low or medium temperatures (up to about 450–500°C), their infrared (IR) spectra show a plethora of bands below about 2000 cm^?1, and there are additional bands in the OH and CH stretching regions, above about 2600 cm^?1. The in-between region, from about 2600 to 200 cm^?1, is quite “empty” (except for an occasional atmospheric CO₂ band caused by instrument imbalance). The reason for this emptiness is, simply, that there are very few species that have fundamentals in that region, as is well known from group frequency tables; and those that do absorb, such as metal hydrides, are quite unlikely to exist in organic precursors. Some overtones or combinations may appear, but these are usually very weak. We have, however, observed some bands in the empty region on several occasions.     

青碧与青玉的红外光谱特征及意义

青碧为碧玉系列中外观类似青玉的称呼。二者虽外观相似,但青碧价格高很多,故市场上出现了以青玉充青碧售卖的现象。此外,一些出土玉文物中也出现了这类外观的玉石材质,但无法准确判别其类型。这使得快速准确鉴别二者有十分重要的意义。采用紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和电子探针分析方法,给出了青碧和青玉样品的谱学特征和矿物的化学组成等特征,并进行了对比分析。二者在紫外-可见反射光谱上没有明显差异,然而,二者的红外光谱特征存在可识别的差异。为了探讨出更有效的鉴别特征,采用了反射和透射两种方法来获取红外光谱。二者的红外光谱总体上一致,有以下可区分差异特征：青碧的红外反射光谱中出现了青玉光谱中未出现的1 050和1 018 cm-1附近吸收峰、肩峰及411 cm-1附近宽肩峰;青玉的红外透射光谱中出现了青碧光谱中未出现的453 cm-1附近肩峰和401 cm-1附近吸收峰。以上可作为快速鉴别青碧和青玉的谱学特征标志。红外透射光谱经朗伯-比尔定律(A=log(1/T))转换后,在3 674,3 661和3 643 cm-1附近处的OH伸缩振动谱带的强度与M1,M3位的Mg及Fe2+含量有很好的相关性。利用以上二者关系计算的Mg(M1+M3)#(在M1和M3位的Mg/(Mg+Fe2+))值可用于鉴别青碧和青玉。青碧的Mg(M1+M3)#值为0.871～0.892,小于青玉0.927～0.949。另外,电子探针分析结果显示青碧和青玉的化学成分存在一定差异：青碧Mg含量(a.p.f.u)为4.45～4.53,比青玉的4.66～4.78小;青碧Fe2+含量为0.28～0.49,大于青玉的0.10～0.23。但部分青碧和青玉间的Mg和Fe2+含量差异不大,说明红外光谱差异除了与成分有一定的关联性外,可能还与结晶时的物理化学条件有关(青碧和青玉的成因类型分别为超基性岩型和白云质大理岩型)。以上红外光谱识别特征不仅在鉴别青碧和青玉上具有重要的宝石学意义,还在古代玉制品源区的判别、产状分析等方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

异多核金属三键(W≡C)有机化合物的红外和拉曼光谱研究

五种 (Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅳ ,Ⅴ )异多核金属钨三键W≡C金属有机化合物的红外和拉曼光谱研究表明 ,由于N和P原子为强的σ 给予体和弱的π 接受体 ,在金属原子上分别引入含N或P的功能基团 (TMEDA或DPPE)将降低金属三键 (W≡C)的键强度 ,W≡C伸缩振动νW≡C 波数下降。化合物Ⅲ的压力调制红外和拉曼光谱显示 ,在 2 0kbar压力附近存在一压力诱导相变。低压相区高的压力灵敏度dv/dp(0 75cm-1·kbar-1)和高压相区很低的压力灵敏度 (0 0 8cm-1·kbar-1)指出 ,对W≡C键存在两种压力效应 ,一种是正常的 ,W≡C键强度随压力增加而增强 ,伸缩振动 νW≡C 波数增加 ;另一种是随着压力增加 ,从W到COπ 轨道反馈增加 ,导致W≡C键强度减弱 ,伸缩振动νW≡C 波数下降。     

苯甲酸稀土(Eu,La)配合物的红外和荧光光谱研究

用氯化稀土与苯甲酸铵在水溶液中反应,合成了苯甲酸稀土（Ｅｕ,Ｌａ）三元固体系列配合物,其化学组成式为（Ｅｕ１－ｘＬａｘ）Ｌ３（其中Ｌ为Ｃ６Ｈ５ＣＯＯ－,ｘ＝０．０～１．０）。研究了它们的红外光谱和荧光光谱。由红外光谱数据表明,配合物中羧基的对称和反对称伸缩振动吸收峰发生了分裂,而且羧基伸缩振动随着Ｌａ３＋离子含量的增加发生了规律性的变化。荧光光谱实验结果表明,用不发光的Ｌａ３＋离子取代苯甲酸铕中部分Ｅｕ３＋离子可以提高Ｅｕ３＋离子的特征荧光发射强度。     

准分子激光辐照PVDF的拉曼和红外光谱研究

通过测量KrF准分子激光辐照前后PVDF的拉曼光谱和红外光谱,分析了PVDF经激光辐照后表面电导率大幅度提高的机理;采用逐点扫描拉曼成像技术,确定出激光辐照后PVDF的导电层厚度约为7.5μm。在拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和X射线能谱综合表征基础上,发现激光辐照后PVDF表面呈现出复合型微结构。     

New Bands in the Shock Excited NbO Blue/Visible and Near Infrared Systems

Abstract

Band systems of the astrophysically important molecule Niobium Oxide (NbO) have been excited in helium-driven shock waves through argon containing powdered Nb₂O₅. Of the 25 bands of the Δv = +3, +2, +1,0, -1, -2 and -3 sequences of the C ⁴Σ^? – X ⁴Σ^? blue/visible system which were excited between 4220Å and 5608Å, 16 are newly reported here. The Δv = +3 and -3 sequences are completely new. 12 new bands were also excited in the near infrared region 7952Å - 8450Å.     

Errors and Artifacts in Infrared Bands of CO Chemisorbed on Supported Metals

Nearly three decades have passed since Eischens et al. ¹ measured the infrared bands of CO chemisorbed on Cu, Ni, Pt and Pd, and their assignments, unscathed by time and criticism, have prompted a great deal of infrared work on the interactions of CO with a wide variety of adsorbents. CO adsorption, followed by a variety of infrared techniques, has now become a valued conventional tool for surface studies. The C-O stretching bands of chemisorbed CO yield data about band frequency, half-width, contour and intensity, as well as band shifts and intensity changes when some parameter is changed, which provide information about the structure of the chemisorbed species and permit deductions to be made concerning the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction and the nature and properties of the surface. However, we now find and show that under certain conditions such data, measured by the conventional transmission/absorption (T/A) techniques, can be susceptible to errors and artifacts stemming from the measurement technique which is employed.     

固相果糖的太赫兹及红外特征吸收谱研究

果糖是一种常见于蜂蜜和多种植物中的简单酮糖,属于三种可食用单糖之一,可与葡萄糖结合形成双糖蔗糖。纯净的果糖常温呈白色晶体状,具有甜度高、升糖指数低等优点,广泛应用于食品行业。截止目前,由于针对固相果糖的太赫兹和红外特征吸收谱研究大多局限于单纯的实验测试或者基于单分子理论计算,缺乏较为系统完善的研究,因此从理论和实验上系统研究了固相果糖的太赫兹特征吸收谱及红外特征吸收谱,首次报道了固相果糖在频谱大于3.0 THz以外的特征吸收峰的实验值,采用基于单分子的MP2和B3LYP泛函以及基于晶胞的PBE和PW91交换相关泛函计算获得了固相果糖太赫兹及红外特征吸收谱,并与实验获得的固相果糖太赫兹及红外特征吸收谱进行了比对分析,发现基于晶胞的PBE和PW91交换相关泛函计算结果与实验获得的果糖太赫兹特征吸收峰更相符,表明固相果糖在0.1～4.0 THz的大多数太赫兹特征吸收峰源自分子间相互作用而非分子内相互作用,揭示了果糖分子周围环境对果糖振动模式的显著影响。     

人工神经网络分类鉴别苦丁茶红外光谱

为了分类鉴别苦丁茶,采用竞争神经网络(CNN)和反向传播人工神经网络(BP网络)两种模式的人工神经网络(ANN)分别分析了各种苦丁茶的红外谱图。作者采用25个样本作训练集,11个样本作检验集,用两种网络进行了训练。结果表明,CNN网络和BP网络均能够有效地实现苦丁茶产地的鉴别,但CNN网络能够进一步地区分苦丁茶的级别。实验表明,CNN速度快,预测结果准确,可望用竞争神经网络(CNN)和红外光谱法结合分类鉴别苦丁茶。     

Infrared Spectra and Transmission of Substituent Effects Through the Arylazomethine Group in Aromatic Schiff Bases

The IR frequencies and integrated intensities of the nitrile group of two series of aromatic Schiff bases have been measured. The data obtained are compared with the Hammett σ constants as well as with the calculated dipole moment derivatives of the nitrile group. An evaluation of the transmission coefficient Π of the arylazomethine group is reported.     

单斜RbInS2、C sInS2的红外光谱及拉曼光谱

我们采用传统的助熔剂合成方法制备单斜ＲｂＩｎＳ２、ＣｓＩｎＳ２晶体并对它们的红外光谱和拉曼光谱进行研究。与ＲｂＩｎＳ２相比,ＣｓＩｎＳ２的红外吸收峰和拉曼吸收峰向长波方向移动。红外光谱和拉曼光谱均表明单斜ＲｂＩｎＳ２、ＣｓＩｎＳ２具有很好的红外透过性能。     

Infrared Spectra of Protiated and Deuterated Lead(II) Saccharinate Monohydrate : Spectra-Structure Correlations

The infrared spectra of protiated and deuterated lead(II) saccharinate monohydrate, Pb(C₇H₄NO₃S)₂·H₂O were studied in the OH, OD, CO and SO₂ stretching regions. The spectral characteristics of the HOH and HOD stretching fundamentals were correlated with the structural data on the geometry of the water molecules. Also correlated were the appearance of the spectrum in the CO stretching region, on the one hand, and the number of non-equivalent carbonyl groups in the structure, on the other. An attempt was made to assign the bands which are mainly due to the antisymmetric and the symmetric SO₂ stretching vibrations.     

老鹳草中药材红外光谱的分析与鉴定

采用红外光谱、二阶导数光谱和二维相关红外光谱对来自黑龙江、吉林、辽宁三省的老鹳草中药材进行了分析。不同产地的老鹳草的红外光谱都具有1 730和1 337 cm-1等表征鞣质类成分的特征吸收峰和1 618和1 318 cm-1波数表征草酸钙的特征峰。其中还发现在1 370 cm-1的C—H弯曲振动区和1 230 cm-1的C—O伸缩振动区三产地老鹳草具有一定的差异性。在高分辨的二阶导数谱中, 1 509,1 204,764和763 cm-1附近的表征鞣质类成分的吸收峰更明显,三产地老鹳草在CO羰基伸缩振动区表征了脂肪类化合物的不同;尤其是在二维相关光谱上,各自的自动峰具有显著的差异性,黑龙江的老鹳草出现了7个自动峰,其中1 621 cm-1处自动峰最强;而在吉林和辽宁产地的老鹳草中同样出现了4个自动峰,前者1 580 cm-1处的自动峰最强,后者在1 649 cm-1处自动峰最强。该方法直观、简单、方便、快速,可以作为鉴别和鉴定同种不同产地老鹤草的一种新方法。     

Infrared Spectra of Liquid and Crystalline Ethanol at High Pressures

Abstract

Mid-infrared spectra in the ranges 400–1800 and 2700–4600 cm^?1 of ethanol samples in diamond anvil cells at ambient temperature and pressures up to 11 GPa are reported. The freezing pressure is confirmed to be 1.8 GPa, and, unlike methanol, the resulting solid is crystalline rather than glassy. No further phase transitions are observed in this pressure range. The wave number shifts of 30 selected peaks with pressure are deduced, and their small magnitudes indicate that only minor distortions of the molecules occur. The effects of the strengthening of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds with pressure on the internal modes are briefly discussed.     

二苯基硫脲的配位取代反应及其红外光谱表征

研究了二苯基硫脲分别与二十羧基三钌和十二羰基二铁的配位取代反应,红外光谱跟踪反应从开始到结束,谱图数据揭示出原始物消失和新物质的形成过程,并对产物Ru3(CO)9CSN2HPh2和Fe3(CO)sS2CNPh作了KBr压片红外光谱表征。     

生物吸附剂ZL5-2对六价铬离子吸附作用的红外光谱分析

研究了Agrobacterium.sp产生的具有吸附作用的蛋白聚糖类物质ZL5-2对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附作用,并对吸附Cr(Ⅵ)前后及解吸附后的ZL5-2进行了红外光谱分析。结果表明,ZL5-2对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的最佳pH为0.5～1.5,随着pH增大,吸附作用减弱。60 min时吸附达到平衡,80 min后所有的Cr(Ⅵ)都被吸附。被吸附的Cr(Ⅵ)可以被解吸附,解吸率为13.6%～67.9%。通过红外光谱分析,发现吸附后ZL5-2在3 400 cm-1附近OH,NH伸缩振动峰强度减弱,并发生了约8 cm-1的位移,2 900 cm-1附近C—H伸缩振动减弱,1 600 cm-1处的酰胺Ⅰ带伸缩振动的相对强度减弱,并发生约13 cm-1的位移。解吸附后,OH,C—H伸缩振动又恢复到原来水平,而NH、酰胺Ⅰ带的伸缩振动未恢复到原来水平,推测该吸附过程存在可逆吸附和不可逆吸附,以可逆吸附为主。     

木蜡油涂饰对檀香紫檀易混树种的红外光谱影响分析

卢氏黑黄檀和染料紫檀木材特征与檀香紫檀相似,特别是两者经过加色精的木蜡油涂饰后,用肉眼很难与珍贵的檀香紫檀分辨。市场上销售的很多红木家具为了达到防腐、防尘、防开裂的性能以及提高红木表面光泽度和显现珍贵木材的纹理,大都进行了木蜡油表面涂饰加工,因而只研究木材本身的鉴别不能满足市场需求。借助红外光谱（FTIR）结合二阶导数红外光谱（SDIR）和二维相关红外光谱（2D-IR）技术,对经过木蜡油涂饰的檀香紫檀（Pterocarpus santalinus）、染料紫檀（P.tinctoricus Welw）和卢氏黑黄檀（Dalbergia louuelii）进行了红外光谱分析。通过打磨-涂底油-打磨-涂面油-干燥的涂饰工艺对3个树种进行表面涂饰。分别取3个树种素材的木粉和经过表面涂饰的木材表面的木粉进行FTIR,SDIR和2D-IR三级鉴别分析,同时测定了木蜡油的FTIR谱图。结果表明：(1）木蜡油FTIR谱图在2 925,1 733,1 465和1 378 cm-1较强的特征峰出峰位置与3个树种木材本身的出峰位置基本重合,且在2 854 cm-1处归属于亚甲基C-H对称伸缩振动,1 233 cm-1处归属于羧基C-O伸缩振动,729 cm-1处归属于长链的亚甲基C-H弯曲振动的特征峰在涂饰后三种样品的FTIR谱图中有相同的体现,说明木蜡油涂饰未对3个树种红外谱图的特征峰产生影响;3个树种表面涂饰前后FTIR谱图的相关系数同时可以对木蜡油涂饰未对3个树种的特征峰产生影响进行佐证;(2）FTIR谱图在1 595,1 060和836 cm-1处可以将染料紫檀与檀香紫檀和卢氏黑黄檀两个树种区分开;SDIR谱图可以在1 551 cm-1将卢氏黑黄檀区分开,并能进一步对染料紫檀的特征峰进行验证;在2D-IR光谱中,在1 425~1 800和850~1 300 cm-1两个波段范围,檀香紫檀的自动锋明显区别于其他两个树种,在1 250 cm-1处归属于醚类化合物的吸收峰可以将檀香紫檀区分开。目前红木识别主要利用木材解剖方法,表面涂饰大多集中在木材材色变化研究。借助红外光谱技术,最终利用各个树种和木蜡油在红外光谱谱图中不同的特征峰体现的官能团差异直接推测特征成分的含量差异,无须测定其特征成分的具体物质,进而实现准确、快速地把经木蜡油表面涂饰的檀香紫檀及与其易混淆的染料紫檀和卢氏黑黄檀区分鉴别。