Autowave instability in refractive crystals

The intensities of vibronic lines are experimentally measured in fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra of jet-cooled anthracene. An original method is developed for calculating geometrical parameters of benzene hydrocarbons in the ground and excited electronic states. Using these parameters, the intensities of vibronic lines in fluorescence and absorption spectra of anthracene are calculated in the Franck-Condon approximation taking into account the mixing of all the twelve normal coordinates of totally symmetric vibrational modes. After correction for the quantum yield of fluorescence, good agreement is obtained between the calculated line intensities in the absorption spectrum and the measured line intensities in the fluorescence excitation spectrum. Based on these data, a new assignment of the lines in the fluorescence excitation spectrum corresponding to totally symmetric modes 7 and 8 is suggested.     

Organic Vapour Fluorescence Following Excitation into High Electronic Triplet States

Abstract

The fluorescence of anthracene vapors and its derivatives initiated by triplet-triplet excitation is observed. The quantum yield of inverce intersystem crossing of anthracene molecules is estimated (10^?2). The fluorescence initiated by triplet excitation is quenched by foreign pentane gas, thus permitting an estimation of the lifetime of highly excited triplet molecules.     

利用Fura-2/AM荧光探针法和LCSM法研究受磁场处理S.aureus细胞Ca2+的跨膜行为

研究受脉冲磁场处理金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)细胞Ca2+的跨膜行为,为此研究了表征S.aureus胞内Ca2+浓度变化Fura-2/AM荧光探针检测法,并检测了不同脉冲数下经脉冲磁场处理后S.aureus细胞荧光强度的变化,采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)观察了经脉冲磁场处理前后S.aureus胞内Ca2+浓度的变化。研究结果表明,Fura-2/AM可成功的负载于S.aureus中,可以应用于S.aureus胞内游离钙离子浓度变化的测定。经脉冲磁场处理后,S.aureus胞内钙离子浓度显著上升,且与活菌数的减少高度相关,相关度达到-0.989 15;胞内光点显著增多,光点荧光强度明显增大,说明大量胞外钙离子跨膜进入胞内。因此,可以判断微生物细胞膜通透性的改变和胞内Ca2+浓度的上升是高强度脉冲磁场具有杀菌作用的重要原因。     

Magnetization and magnetic phase diagrams of a spin-1/2 ferrimagnetic diamond chain at low temperature

We used the Jordan–Wigner transform and the invariant eigenoperator method to study the magnetic phase diagram and the magnetization curve of the spin-1/2 alternating ferrimagnetic diamond chain in an external magnetic field at finite temperature. The magnetization versus external magnetic field curve exhibits a 1/3 magnetization plateau at absolute zero and finite temperatures, and the width of the 1/3 magnetization plateau was modulated by tuning the temperature and the exchange interactions. Three critical magnetic field intensities H_(CB), H_(CE) and H_(CS) were obtained, in which the H_(CB) and H_(CE) correspond to the appearance and disappearance of the 1/3 magnetization plateau, respectively, and the higher H_(CS) correspond to the appearance of fully polarized magnetization plateau of the system. The energies of elementary excitation ωσ,k(σ = 1, 2, 3) present the extrema of zero at the three critical magnetic fields at 0 K, i.e., [hω_(3,k)(HCB)]_(min)= 0, [hω_(2,k)(H_(CE))]_(max)= 0 and [hω _(2,k)(H_(CS))]_(min)= 0, and the magnetic phase diagram of magnetic field versus different exchange interactions at 0 K was established by the above relationships. According to the relationships between the system's magnetization curve at finite temperatures and the critical magnetic field intensities, the magnetic field-temperature phase diagram was drawn. It was observed that if the magnetic phase diagram shows a three-phase critical point, which is intersected by the ferrimagnetic phase, the ferrimagnetic plateau phase, and the Luttinger liquid phase, the disappearance of the1/3 magnetization plateau would inevitably occur. However, the 1/3 magnetization plateau would not disappear without the three-phase critical point. The appearance of the 1/3 magnetization plateau in the low temperature region is the macroscopic manifestations of quantum effect.     

Second harmonic magnetoacoustic responses of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction

Due to the unique magnetic, mechanical and thermal properties, magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) have comprehensive applications as the contrast and therapeutic agents in biomedical imaging and magnetic hyperthermia. The linear and nonlinear magnetoacoustic responses determined by the magnetic properties of MNPs have attracted more and more attention in biomedical engineering. By considering the relaxation time of MNPs, we derive the formulae of second harmonic magnetoacoustic responses(2H-MARs) for a cylindrical MNP solution model based on the mechanical oscillations of MNPs in magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI). It is proved that only the second harmonic magnetoacoustic oscillations can be generated by MNPs under an alternating magnetic excitation. The acoustic pressure of the 2H-MAR is proportional to the square of the magnetic field intensity and exhibits a linear increase with the concentration of MNPs. Numerical simulations of the 2H-MAR are confirmed by the experimental measurements for various magnetic field intensities and solution concentrations using a laser vibrometer. The favorable results demonstrate the feasibility of the harmonic measurements without the fundamental interference of the electromagnetic excitation, and suggest a new harmonic imaging strategy of MAT-MI for MNPs with enhanced spatial resolution and improved signal-to-noise ratio in biomedical applications.     

Spectroscopic and nonlinear characteristics of anthracene-containing silicon-organic polymers in solution

Spectroscopic characteristics, i.e. absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence excitation spectra, fluorescence decay time, fluorescence polarization degree of novel silicon-containing organic polymers including main chain anthracene groups were investigated. Three kinds of emission spectra were revealed and assigned to polaron–exciton, anthracene and anthracene dimer. The measured fluorescence polarization spectra gave evidence of directed excitation energy migration along the disordered polymeric chain. Strong quenching of anthracene fluorescence during the polaron–exciton lifetime was interpreted as a result of the interaction between two excitations that causes anthracene anion-radical formation. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the polymers in solution measured by the Z-scan technique at 1054 nm is 190×10⁻¹⁴ cm² W⁻¹.     

Ultrafast photo-induced turning of magnetization and its relaxation dynamics in GaMnAs

We report that,by linearly polarized pumping of different wavelengths,Kerr transients appear at zero magnetic field only in the case when GaMnAs samples are initialized at 3 K by first applying a 0.8 Tesla field and then returning to zero field.We find that,instead of magnetization precession,the near-band gap excitation induces a coherent out-of-plane turning of magnetization,which shows very long relaxation dynamics with no precession.When photon energy increases,the peak value of the Kerr transient incre...     

Determining the magnetic ground state of TbNi5 single crystal using polarized neutron scattering technique

The TbNi₅ compound shows an interesting magnetic phase transition with an incommensurate structure below 23 K, whose true nature remains unresolved. In order to solve this question, we have carried out polarized neutron diffraction experiments by measuring temperature and field dependence of the intensities of satellites and Bragg reflections. From the temperature dependence of both satellite peaks and Bragg reflection, we demonstrated that it has only one magnetic structure at a given temperature. Furthermore, unlike previous reports, we found that both ferromagnetic and modulated components of the Tb ion magnetic moments should be collinear to each other. Our data also show strong depolarisation effects that are most likely to arise from domain structure of ferromagnetic component. A critical field, which destroyers a modulated magnetic structure is found to be lower than a field value to saturate the ferromagnetic component, in which the intensity of Bragg ferromagnetic reflections reaches saturation.     

自旋为1/2的XY模型亚铁磁棱型链的物性和有序-无序竞争

利用不变本征算符法, 计算低温下自旋为1/2的XY模型一维亚铁磁棱型链系统的元激发谱, 讨论在此系统中不同的特殊情形下的元激发能量, 从而给出体系的三个临界磁场强度的解析解H_C1, H_C2, H_peak. 分析不同外磁场下 体系的磁化强度随温度的变化规律, 发现三个临界磁场强度的解析解H_C1, H_C2, H_peak是正确的, 并从三个元激发对磁化强度的贡献进行了说明. 低温下磁化强度随外磁场的变化呈现1/3磁化平台. 体系的磁化率随温度或者外磁场的变化都出现了双峰现象. 这说明双峰源于二聚体分子内电子自旋平行排列的铁磁交换作 用能和二聚体与单基体分子间电子自旋反平行排列的反铁磁交换作用能, 热无序能, 外磁场强度相关的自旋磁矩势能之间的竞争.     

静水压力对蒽和多环芳烃二元混合物三维荧光光谱的影响

利用荧光分光光度计对处于常温、压力范围为0.1~60 MPa、浓度为10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)的蒽的三维荧光光谱及浓度比为1∶1的蒽-芴、蒽-萘、蒽-菲、蒽-苊、蒽-荧蒽的三维荧光光谱进行了测定,并通过分析不同压力下蒽的荧光峰位置和峰强度的变化来探讨压力对荧光光谱的影响。结果显示,随着压力升高,蒽的荧光峰并未发生漂移,但是荧光强度发生了显著变化。峰位置为250/382 nm的荧光峰在60 MPa时荧光强度达到最大值,相较于常压下,荧光强度增加了13.6%。其他多环芳烃的加入会改变蒽的高压荧光特性,当蒽中加入了萘,峰位置为250/382 nm的荧光峰强度在10 MPa时达到最大值,相较于常压下,荧光强度增加了9.35%。     

Exploration of magnetic field generation of H32+ by direc ionization and coherent resonant excitation

Coherent electronic dynamics are of great significance in photo-induced processes and molecular magnetism. We theoretically investigate electronic dynamics of triatomic molecule H₃²⁺ by circularly polarized pulses, including electron density distributions, induced electronic currents, and ultrafast magnetic field generation. By comparing the results of the coherent resonant excitation and direct ionization, we found that for the coherent resonant excitation, the electron is localized and the coherent electron wave packet moves periodically between three protons, which can be attributed to the coherent superposition of the ground A' state and excited E⁺ state. Whereas, for the direct single-photon ionization, the induced electronic currents mainly come from the free electron in the continuum state. It is found that there are differences in the intensity, phase, and frequency of the induced current and the generated magnetic field. The scheme allows one to control the induced electronic current and the ultrafast magnetic field generation.     

Controlling fluorescence emission with split‐ring‐resonator‐based plasmonic metasurfaces

Metasurfaces, which consist of resonant metamaterial elements in the form of two‐dimensional thin planar structures, retain great capabilities in manipulating electromagnetic wave and potential applications in modifying interaction with fluorescent molecules. The metasurfaces with magnetic responses are favorable to weakening fluorescence quenching while less investigated in controlling fluorescence. In this paper, we demonstrate control over fluorescence emission by engineering the magnetic and electric modes in plasmonic metasurfaces consisting of 45‐nm‐thick gold split‐ring‐resonators (SRRs). The fluorescence emission exhibits an enhancement factor of ∼18 and is predominantly x‐polarized with assistance of the magnetic mode excited by oblique incidence with an x‐polarized electric field. The magnetic and electric modes excited by oblique incidence with a y‐polarized electric field contribute to the rotation of emission polarization with respect to the incident polarization. The results demonstrate manipulating the interaction of fluorescent emitters with different resonant modes of the SRR‐based metasurface at the nanoscale by the polarization of incident light, providing potential applications of metasurfaces in a wide variety of areas, including optical nanosources, fluorescence spectroscopy and compact biosensors.

     

小尺寸传热面对磁性液体的强化自然对流换热

1引言磁性液体（MagneticFlu问是将超细的纳米级铁磁微粒稳定弥散于水、煤油、氟里昂等不同基液中而制成的胶体溶液．不同材料的超微粒子有着广泛的技术应用，如军用飞行器的隐身材料、固体火箭的高能添加剂、新型高效催化剂和高性能磁性材料等等．而用其制成的磁液在工业上有着更为广泛的应用，因而日、美、俄、英等国均已投入巨资，在这一领域进行竞争，其成果已经投入工业应用。根据1992年的统计，有关磁液的公开技术报告和论文已达到5000余篇，专利超过2100项l‘，‘］，有关产业的年产值已超过一亿美元K‘］磁液的应用非常广泛，归纳…     

入射光的偏振特性对全内反射荧光显微术中荧光激发的影响

基于麦克斯韦的电磁场理论，研究了在全内反射荧光显微术中不同偏振态的入射光所产生的 不同偏振的隐失场以及对不同取向的荧光分子荧光发射的影响.理论分析结果表明，p偏振的 入射场将产生椭圆偏振的隐失场，s偏振的入射场将产生s偏振的隐失场.随着荧光分子三维 取向的不同，这两种隐失场的激发荧光效率也将不同，由此引起荧光发射强度的各向异性分 布.据此特性，可以实现对膜表面分子三维取向的成像. 关键词： 全内反射 荧光显微术 隐失波 偏振态     

外场作用下蒽分子的激发特性研究

蒽(anthracene)具有良好的热稳定性以及较高的荧光量子产率的优点, 是最早用于研究有机发光器件(organic light-emitting device, OLED)的材料之一. 在本文中, 主要利用量子化学方法研究了不同外电场对蒽分子激发特性的影响规律. 首先采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)在6-311G(d, p)基组水平上对蒽分子基态结构进行优化, 基于稳定基态结构, 利用含时密度泛函(time-dependent density functional theory, TDDFT)以及同一基组水平, 计算出蒽分子的前十个激发态的激发能、跃迁偶极矩、振子强度和紫外吸收光谱等数据. 然后以密度泛函B3P86方法优化出的不同外电场下蒽分子基态结构为基础, 使用TDDFT方法研究了不同外电场对蒽分子前线轨道能级和激发特性的影响规律. 结果显示, 无场时蒽分子在紫外区域234.50 nm处有一个较强的吸收峰, 对应基态电子跃迁至第5激发态吸收光子波长; 在外电场作用下, 蒽分子电子由基态跃迁到激发态的各项光谱参数均有显著变化, 加场后蒽分子的吸收光谱发生了红移, 由紫外波段移向了紫外–可见光波段, 与实验值相符合. 分子前线轨道的计算结果也表明蒽分子的最高占据轨道(highest occupied molecular orbital, HOMO)和最低未占据轨道(lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, LUMO)能量差值在不同电场下存在差异. 关键词： 蒽 外电场 激发特性     

Self-organized arrays of submicrometer particle of organic dye and its near-field optical study

Organic dye particles of micrometer and submicrometer diameters were prepared by a wetting/dewetting procedure on a hydrophilic glass surface and a self-organized one- or two-dimensional registration was observed. To analyze the molecular assembly in these particles the near-field-excited near-field fluorescence from single particles were detected, while the majority of particles with diameters around 2 μm or less did not show fluorescence. Far-field fluorescence, in contrast, was observed for every particle, and the intensity depended on the excitation polarization when a polarized evanescent field was used for excitation, indicating that the molecules’ transition moment within dye particles orient parallel to the substrate surface. These two observations suggest that the near-field at the tip of the probe was polarized parallel to the probe axis. Another observation, that neighboring particles show similar molecular orientations, suggests that the dewetting process contributed to the alignment of the molecular directions in adjacent particles, which further proves that the dye particles were formed by a self-organizing mechanism.     

Nonlinear oscillation characteristics of magnetic microbubbles under acoustic and magnetic fields

Microbubbles loaded with magnetic nanoparticles (MMBs) have attracted increasing interests in multimode imaging and drug/gene delivery and targeted therapy. However, the dynamic behaviors generated in diagnostic and therapeutic applications are not clear. In the present work, a novel theoretical model of a single MMB was developed, and the dynamic responses in an infinite viscous fluid were investigated under simultaneous exposure to magnetic and acoustic fields. The results showed that the amplitude reduces and the resonant frequency increases with the strength of the applied steady magnetic field and the susceptibility of the magnetic shell. However, the magnetic field has a limited influence on the oscillating. It is also noticed that the responses of MMB to a time-varying magnetic field is different from a steady magnetic field. The subharmonic components increase firstly and then decrease with the frequency of the magnetic field and the enhanced effect is related to the acoustic driving frequency. It is indicated that there may be a coupling interaction effect between the acoustic and magnetic fields.     

不同环数芳香烃激光诱导荧光光谱研究

为了更好地区分测量小分子芳香烃,利用一台Nd∶YAG激光器提供能量为0.085 J·cm-2、波长为266 nm的入射光。针对苯、甲苯、萘、菲、蒽、芘和屈不同环数的芳香烃,使用激光诱导荧光法研究了单一芳香烃及不同芳香烃混合物的荧光光谱。结果表明,芳香烃的苯环数是荧光发射光谱的主要决定因素;相同苯环数不同结构的芳香烃对荧光光谱范围基本没有影响;由于266 nm波长的吸收效率差异,导致相同环数的芳香烃的荧光光强存在差异;而且吸收效率相近且浓度相同时,环数越大,荧光光强越强。随着芳香烃环数的增加,荧光光谱波段和峰值都出现从紫外波段向可见光波段红移的现象,同时吸收效率相近时,荧光光谱范围变宽;一环至四环芳香烃的较好的荧光光谱区分范围分别为275~320,320~375,375~425和425~556 nm。针对不同芳香烃混合物研究表明,由于辐射能量传递机制导致混合物中有3环或4环芳香烃存在时,紫外波段的光被损失,所以1环或2环芳香烃混入混合物后,混合物中的1环或2环荧光光谱不能被检测到,但荧光光谱强度增大;当混合物中只包含3环和4环芳香烃时,荧光发射光谱具有两种芳香烃的特点;当混合物中存在3环和4环芳香烃时,荧光发射光谱和各自的浓度相关,从而可以一定程度区分不同环数物质。     

Polarisationseffekte des Fluoreszenzlichtes von Anthrazenkristallen und Plastikszintillator in Abhängigkeit von Deuteronenenergie und Temperatur

Investigations of the optical isotropic plastic scintillator showed that the fluorescence light is more polarized perpendicular than parallel to the particle impact direction. Furtheron the fluorescence light polarization of anthracene crystals proved to be dependent on particle impact direction. Both the degree of fluorescence light polarization of plastic scintillator and the dependence of fluorescence light polarization of anthracene crystals could be explained by the mechanism of energy travelling from direct excited to light emitting molecules.     

Synthesis, Fluorescence Properties and Theoretical Calculations of Novel Stilbene Derivatives Based on 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Bearing Anthracene Core

Two novel stilbene derivatives bearing anthracene core based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole were efficiently synthesized and characterized by ¹H-NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The optical properties of the title compounds were investigated by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra in different solvents. Chemical calculations were performed by density functional theory (DFT) at the (B3LYP)/6-31G* level. The results show the two compounds exhibit strong green fluorescence emission ranged from 489–493 nm, and the fluorescence quantum yield ranged from 0.78–0.92. Their HOMO and LUMO levels are (?5.44 eV, ?2.25 eV) and (?5.45 eV, ?2.28 eV), respectively. The influence of the solvent on the fluorescence intensities was also discussed.