Fluorine NMR in Zirconium,Hafnium and Thorium Tetrafluorides and f-Orbital Contribution to Interatomic Bonds

Previously¹ we have observed a ¹⁹ NMR asymmetric line in polycrystalline ThF₄ in the 6–9 kOe fields, which was ascribed to the anisotropy of the ¹⁹F nuclei screening constant. However, the accepted interpretation in the case of a powder sample is not the only possible one, since in the presence of chemically or structurally non-equivalent fluorine atom groups spectrum asymmetry may also arise on account of the difference in the nuclei magnetic screening constants due to non-equivalent positions. This dilemma in the case of polycrystalline samples may be solved only when recording spectra in the highest fields. Non-equivalence of the nuclei may lead, to a split of the NMR spectrum into components, corresponding to the various positions. When spectrum asymmetry is due to the anisotropy of the screening constant, field strength rise may but lead to an increase of the total spectrum width, its shape remaining unaltered.     

Magnetic Screening of 19F Nuclei in Perovskite KMgF3

The present work cites the measurement data for the magnetic screening tensor of fluorine nuclei in KMgF₃ and comparison results of ¹⁹F screening tensor components in this substance with the theoretical, based on the overlapping pattern of ion wave functions.     

13C NMR Chemical Shifts and CH Coupling Constants of Substituted 4-Ylidenebutenolides

The ¹³C chemical shifts and CH coupling constants for 6 substituted 4-ylidenebutenolides are reported. The CH coupling constants are useful in helping to determine the stereochemistry of the substituted exocyclic double bond.     

Hydrogen Bond and 19F NMR Chemical Shift Akisotropy in Apatite

Abstract

The fluoroapatite minerals, Ca₅-F(PO₄)₃ usually contain some hydroxyis, instead of fluorine. From infrared spectra it was concluded, that there are weak hydrogen bonds OH … F along apatite hexagonal axis¹. In order to receive more detailed information about the character of F^?and OH^?bonds with the nearest atoms in apatites we studied the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of protons and fluorines in natural apatite single crystal, in which approximately 15% of fluorines is substituted by hydroxyis.     

取代亚胺中亚胺基^15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算苯甲醛亚胺、N-苯基亚胺、N-甲基亚胺、N-异丙基亚胺中亚胺基氮原子15N NMR化学位移的经验公式:δcal=δ0n Δα Δβ Δγ c.按亚胺基氮原子和碳原子上两类取代基的不同分别结合最小二乘法通过线性回归各得到5种取代基参数,计算结果分别以其化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,最大误差Δδ≤3.1,大约有95%的15N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于3.0(相对误差小于0.3%).初步分析了芳香族亚胺苯环上对位取代基对亚胺基氮原子化学位移的影响.     

A Refinement of the Hg2F2 Structure by the Use of NMR Data

Abstract

The crystal structure of Hg₂F₂ was studied in works.^1,2 The Hg₂F₂elementary cell of the tetragonal syngony with a=3.66 Å and c=10.89 Å contains two formula units, the space-group being 14/mmm. Hg₂F₂ belongs to those types of structures which possess one non-fixed coordinate (z_F and zHg); hence, the position of the fluorine nuclei may be determined from the value of the second moment of the NMR spectrum of ¹⁹F for powder sample.³ In this case it is ostensibly important, inasmuch as determining the positions of fluorine nuclei near the heavy mercury atoms presents a difficulty for X-ray analysis.     

A Refinement of the InF3.3H2 O Structure by the Use of NMR Data

Bokij and Khodashova' derived from X-ray diffraction study and coordination considerations that InF.3H₂O is pseudotetragonal with a=7.90, c=4.14 8, 2=2, space group PII2/n. each indium atom is surrounded by six ligands (F and H₂O) to form nearly are gular octahedron. The adjacent octahedra have common a pices forming in finitechains along the c-axis. Since the F and O scattering factors are much the same, the identification of F atoms and H₂O molecules was performed on the basis of coordination considerations. The bridges between In atoms were unambiguously identif iedas fluorine atoms (F). The fouro the rligands of each octahedron are two fluorine atoms (F) and two water molecules (H₂O equatorial plane of the octahedra (fluorines under fluorines in order to retain 2=2). estimated as oxygens of H₂O_I molecules due to the irspecifictetrahedral surrounding by F_II and H₂O_I In such a lamellar structure, the layers of H₂O_I and H₂O_II molecules interchange with the layers of F atoms. The existence of H₂O layersin the InF₃.3H₂structure, claimed by B. and K., is notin agreement with the factth that the crystals of this fluoride have needle-like habitus and do not exhibit excellent cleavage in the plane (110). In order toresolve this contradiction and find out the proton position sin the InF.3H ₂o structure, we have applied the NMR method     

取代亚胺中亚胺基15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算苯甲醛亚胺、N-苯基亚胺、N-甲基亚胺、N-异丙基亚胺中亚胺基氮原子¹⁵N NMR化学位移的经验公式：δ_cal=δ_0n+Δα+Δβ+Δγ+c. 按亚胺基氮原子和碳原子上两类取代基的不同分别结合最小二乘法通过线性回归各得到5种取代基参数,计算结果分别以其化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,最大误差Δδ≤3.1,大约有95%的¹⁵N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于3.0（相对误差小于0.3%）. 初步分析了芳香族亚胺苯环上对位取代基对亚胺基氮原子化学位移的影响.     

NMR Nomenclature: Nuclear Spin Properties and Conventions for Chemical Shifts. IUPAC Recommendations 2001

A unified scale is recommended for reporting the NMR chemical shifts of all nuclei relative to the ¹H resonance of tetramethylsilane. The unified scale is designed to provide a precise ratio, Ξ, of the resonance frequency of a given nuclide to that of the primary reference, the ¹H resonance of tetramethylsilane (TMS) in dilute solution (volume fraction, <1%) in chloroform. Referencing procedures are discussed, including matters of practical application of the unified scale. Special attention is paid to recommended reference samples, and values of Ξ for secondary references on the unified scale are listed, many of which are the results of new measurements. Some earlier recommendations relating to the reporting of chemical shifts are endorsed. The chemical shift, δ, is redefined to avoid previous ambiguities but to leave practical usage unchanged. Relations between the unified scale and recently published recommendations for referencing in aqueous solutions (for specific use in biochemical work) are discussed, as well as the special effects of working in the solid state with magic-angle spinning. In all, nine new recommendations relating to chemical shifts are made. Standardised nuclear spin data are also presented in tabular form for the stable (and some unstable) isotopes of all elements with non-zero quantum numbers. The information given includes quantum numbers, isotopic abundances, magnetic moments, magnetogyric ratios, and receptivities, together with quadrupole moments and line-width factors (where appropriate).     

环维黄杨星D^13C和^1H化学位移的全归属

环维黄杨星D为自黄杨木中提取精制的有效生物碱,临床上已长期用于心血管疾病的治疗.本文用制备高效液相色谱提取、分离并纯化环维黄杨星D,用1D,2D NMR技术 (COSY,DEPT,HMQC 和 HMBC)对其结构进行研究,并且首次对环维黄杨星D的1H NMR 和 13C NMR 信号进行了全归属,同时通过NMR数据确证了环维黄杨星D的结构.     

A Quantitative Study of Effects of Rare Earth Chelates on NMR Chemical Shifts: I. Treatment of 1:1 Complexes and Chemical Shifts of the Pure Complexes

Recently several rare earth chelates have been found that induce large and dramatic chemical shifts when complexed with a ligand.¹ This is due to paramagnetic shielding, the mechanism of which is observed to be a pseudo-contact shift. In cases such as this involving dynamic equilibria where exchange of protons is rapid compared to observation time, the observed chemical shift represents an average environment determined by the time the proton nuclei spend at each site. The effective site of the complex is a lone pair donor such as the oxygen of a carbonyl group, alcohol, or ether, or the nitrogen of various nitrogen containing groups. The oxygen bearing compounds could theoretically form strong complexes with the added possibility of multiple complexes with chelates. The nitrogen bearing compounds of weak donor strength and containing only a lone pair would presumably form only the 1:1 complex.     

13C NMR Chemical Shifts of Heterocycles: Empirical Substituent Effects in 5-Halomethylisoxazoles

Evaluation by empirically derived equations for the Substituent effect (α, β, γ, δ) on the ¹³C NMR chemical shifts for C-3, C-4. C-5 and halomethyl-substituent carbon (C-6) in isoxazoles 1-5 [where C-3 substituent (R¹) = H, alkyl or phenyl, C-4 Substituent (R²) = H, alkyl, and C-5 substituent (R³) = di-or trihalomethyl, methyl and H], taking as reference the compound la, is reported. From the calculated values for the α, β, γ, δ effects for each substituent it was possible to estimate the chemical shift of each carbon of the compounds 1–5. The ¹³ C chemical shifts of the C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6 of these compounds, can be estimated with good precision: 94% of the calculated chemical shifts are found to be within ±1.0ppm, and 100% are found to be within ±1.5ppm.     

1,1-二甲硫基—[1]—烯基丙二酸二甲酯与苯相互作用的~1H NMR研究

本文在四氯化碳介质中考察了苯对1,1-二甲硫基-[1]-烯基丙二酸二甲酯的溶剂效应,观察到标题化合物分子内的甲基和溶剂苯的化学位移随着苯的摩尔分数增加而逐渐移向高场,溶剂苯的共振吸收峰是一个尖锐的单峰,同时发现了标题化合物分子中甲基和溶剂苯的化学位移值与混合溶剂苯的摩尔分数呈线性关系.     

具有CF2=CF结构的化合物中19F NMR化学位移的计算

系统总结和分析前人对19F NMR化学位移研究成果的基础上,对19F NMR化学位移的规律进行研究,最终确定用回归分析中的最小二乘法来确定计算19F NMR化学位移的公式,并用F检验法对所得计算公式进行检验,给出了具有CF2=CF结构的化合物中19F NMR化学位移的计算公式δcal=B+△α+△β,该公式的置信度为9...     

应用二维谱学技术归属泰妥拉唑的1H和13C NMR

应用DEPT（无畸变极化转移增强谱）、HMQC（异核多量子相干谱）、HMBC（异核多键相干谱）、¹H-¹H COSY（相关谱）、NOESY（核欧沃豪斯谱）和 TOCSY（全相关谱）谱学技术,对泰妥拉唑所有的氢进行了归属. 不对称硫原子引起邻接CH₂ 2个氢化学位移不等价;该2个氢相互偶合,其偶合常数为12.9 Hz;借助DEPT谱,2个甲氧基被区别;借助DEPT和TOCSY谱,另2个与碳相连的甲基被区分;利用HMBC谱,所有的碳峰可以归属.      

1,1-二甲硫基-[1]-烯基丙二酸二甲酯与苯相互作用的1H NMR研究

本文在四氯化碳介质中考察了苯对1,1-二甲硫基-[1]-烯基丙二酸二甲酯的溶剂效应,观察到标题化合物分子内的甲基和溶剂苯的化学位移随着苯的摩尔分数增加而逐渐移向高场,溶剂苯的共振吸收峰是一个尖锐的单峰,同时发现了标题化合物分子中甲基和溶剂苯的化学位移值与混合溶剂苯的摩尔分数呈线性关系.     

一种预测醇化学位移的新方法

诱导效应是有机化学中最重要的效应之一,本文给出一套新的中性基团诱导效应参数(I_G). 结合极化效应指数(PEI),以及α,β,γ结构参数,提出核磁共振“内屏蔽”和“外屏蔽”的概念及碳谱位移“内屏蔽”和“外屏蔽”模型,由此定量描述了饱和醇类化合物¹³C NMR化学位移：  CS=-2.3+[20.696 7(ΣΔI)+18.386 5(ΣΔPEI) -0.011 1(ΣΔI/ΣΔPEI)     

The Determination of Plutonium in the Presence of Fluorides Ions

The possibility of a direct determination of plutoniutn in the presence of hydrofluoric acid was studied.

Two redox titration methods based on the oxidation of Pu(III) and reduction of Pu(VI) were verified. Both methods were compared and an optimal procedure for determination of plutonium in the presence of fluoride ions was elaborated.     

神经网络在波谱分析中的应用：用亚图估计和预测烷烃的^13C NMR

系统研究了神经网络在波谱分析中的应用，采用多层／三层前馈神经网络以误差反传及改进算法估计和预测Ｃ１－Ｃ１０的６０余种烷烃的化学位移。烷烃中碳原子由十余种对应于所谓根亚树的相嵌频率描述子所决定。这些描述子等于由１至６个碳原子组成的更小结构骨加组成。     

环维黄杨星D 13C 和1H 化学位移的全归属

环维黄杨星D为自黄杨木中提取精制的有效生物碱,临床上已长期用于心血管疾病的治疗. 本文用制备高效液相色谱提取、分离并纯化环维黄杨星D,用1D, 2D NMR技术 （COSY, DEPT, HMQC 和 HMBC）对其结构进行研究,并且首次对环维黄杨星D的¹H NMR 和¹³C NMR 信号进行了全归属,同时通过NMR数据确证了环维黄杨星D的结构.