Fluorine NMR in Zirconium,Hafnium and Thorium Tetrafluorides and f-Orbital Contribution to Interatomic Bonds

Previously¹ we have observed a ¹⁹ NMR asymmetric line in polycrystalline ThF₄ in the 6–9 kOe fields, which was ascribed to the anisotropy of the ¹⁹F nuclei screening constant. However, the accepted interpretation in the case of a powder sample is not the only possible one, since in the presence of chemically or structurally non-equivalent fluorine atom groups spectrum asymmetry may also arise on account of the difference in the nuclei magnetic screening constants due to non-equivalent positions. This dilemma in the case of polycrystalline samples may be solved only when recording spectra in the highest fields. Non-equivalence of the nuclei may lead, to a split of the NMR spectrum into components, corresponding to the various positions. When spectrum asymmetry is due to the anisotropy of the screening constant, field strength rise may but lead to an increase of the total spectrum width, its shape remaining unaltered.     

氟苯类化合物19F NMR化学位移的计算

提出了计算氟苯类化合物¹⁹F NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal（¹⁹F）=-113.5+Δo+Δm+Δp+C, 结合最小二乘法通过线性回归得到了20种取代基参数, 计算结果以160种氟苯类化合物的263个¹⁹F NMR化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,计算值与实验值的平均偏差为0.628,计算值与实验值的标准偏差为4.720,约有93.2%的¹⁹F NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差<7.0（相对误差<0.7%）.     

Magnetic Screening of 19F Nuclei in Perovskite KMgF3

The present work cites the measurement data for the magnetic screening tensor of fluorine nuclei in KMgF₃ and comparison results of ¹⁹F screening tensor components in this substance with the theoretical, based on the overlapping pattern of ion wave functions.     

药物小分子化学位移的量子化学计算研究

核磁共振的谱峰归属对分子结构的确定至关重要,用理论计算方法预测化学位移对谱峰的正确归属是极其有帮助的. 我们用量子化学的方法预测了乙酰水杨酸及其衍生物分子上碳原子的化学位移,并通过比较计算值和实验值得到不同理论计算方法的误差范围. 用HF和DFT理论计算芳环碳的化学位移时,CSGT方法比GIAO方法更为准确. 与其它方法相比,B3PW91//CSGT 在6-311G(d,p)基组下得到的芳环碳的化学位移最接近实验值. 采用B3LYP//GIAO计算时, 使用不同的基组 6-31G(d,p)和6-311++G(3df,3pd)得到的化学位移计算值只有δ 0.01~2.04的差异. MP2方法非常耗时,且对于计算精度的改善并不显著; 并且,由于电子相关性的影响,碳原子周围的电子环境对化学位移计算的准确性影响很大. 与实验值比较,HF方法由于忽略电子相关效应所以表现较差. 另外,碳链的增长对计算准确性也存在一定影响.      

13C NMR Chemical Shifts and CH Coupling Constants of Substituted 4-Ylidenebutenolides

The ¹³C chemical shifts and CH coupling constants for 6 substituted 4-ylidenebutenolides are reported. The CH coupling constants are useful in helping to determine the stereochemistry of the substituted exocyclic double bond.     

Hydrogen Bond and 19F NMR Chemical Shift Akisotropy in Apatite

Abstract

The fluoroapatite minerals, Ca₅-F(PO₄)₃ usually contain some hydroxyis, instead of fluorine. From infrared spectra it was concluded, that there are weak hydrogen bonds OH … F along apatite hexagonal axis¹. In order to receive more detailed information about the character of F^?and OH^?bonds with the nearest atoms in apatites we studied the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of protons and fluorines in natural apatite single crystal, in which approximately 15% of fluorines is substituted by hydroxyis.     

取代基对多取代氮苄叉苯胺化合物分子桥键（CH=N）的13C NMR和1H NMR的影响

Fifty-three samples of multi-substituted benzylideneanilines XArCH=NArYs (abbreviated XBAYs) were synthesized and their NMR spectra were determined. An extensional study of substituent effects on the ¹H NMR chemical shifts (^δH(CH=N)) and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts (^δC(CH=N)) of the CH=N bridging group from di-substituted to multi-substituted XBAYs was made based on a total of 182 samples of XBAYs, together with the NMR data of other 129 samples of di-substituted XBAYs quoted from literatures. The results show that the substituent specific cross-interaction effect parameter (Δ(Σσ)²)plays an important role in quantifying the ^δC(CH=N) values of XBAYs, but it is negligible for quantifying the ^δH(CH=N) values; the other substituent parameters also present different influences on the ^δC(CH=N) and ^δH(CH=N). On the whole, the contributions of X and Y to the ^δC(CH=N) of XBAYs are balanced, but the ^δH(CH=N) values of XBAYs mainly rely on the contributions of X.     

烯氢和烯碳化学位移的本质

对乙烯、共轭二烯、叠烯、羰基、烯胺、亚胺双键中的sp²杂化碳、氧、氮原子以及双键相连的质子或碳原子化学位移实验数据的分析表明, 目前化学位移理论中所采用的π-键在磁场中产生环流的假说与实验结果有严重矛盾. 核周电子云变形模型可较好地解决这些矛盾.     

取代亚胺中亚胺基^15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算苯甲醛亚胺、N-苯基亚胺、N-甲基亚胺、N-异丙基亚胺中亚胺基氮原子15N NMR化学位移的经验公式:δcal=δ0n Δα Δβ Δγ c.按亚胺基氮原子和碳原子上两类取代基的不同分别结合最小二乘法通过线性回归各得到5种取代基参数,计算结果分别以其化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,最大误差Δδ≤3.1,大约有95%的15N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于3.0(相对误差小于0.3%).初步分析了芳香族亚胺苯环上对位取代基对亚胺基氮原子化学位移的影响.     

A Refinement of the InF3.3H2 O Structure by the Use of NMR Data

Bokij and Khodashova' derived from X-ray diffraction study and coordination considerations that InF.3H₂O is pseudotetragonal with a=7.90, c=4.14 8, 2=2, space group PII2/n. each indium atom is surrounded by six ligands (F and H₂O) to form nearly are gular octahedron. The adjacent octahedra have common a pices forming in finitechains along the c-axis. Since the F and O scattering factors are much the same, the identification of F atoms and H₂O molecules was performed on the basis of coordination considerations. The bridges between In atoms were unambiguously identif iedas fluorine atoms (F). The fouro the rligands of each octahedron are two fluorine atoms (F) and two water molecules (H₂O equatorial plane of the octahedra (fluorines under fluorines in order to retain 2=2). estimated as oxygens of H₂O_I molecules due to the irspecifictetrahedral surrounding by F_II and H₂O_I In such a lamellar structure, the layers of H₂O_I and H₂O_II molecules interchange with the layers of F atoms. The existence of H₂O layersin the InF₃.3H₂structure, claimed by B. and K., is notin agreement with the factth that the crystals of this fluoride have needle-like habitus and do not exhibit excellent cleavage in the plane (110). In order toresolve this contradiction and find out the proton position sin the InF.3H ₂o structure, we have applied the NMR method     

A Refinement of the Hg2F2 Structure by the Use of NMR Data

Abstract

The crystal structure of Hg₂F₂ was studied in works.^1,2 The Hg₂F₂elementary cell of the tetragonal syngony with a=3.66 Å and c=10.89 Å contains two formula units, the space-group being 14/mmm. Hg₂F₂ belongs to those types of structures which possess one non-fixed coordinate (z_F and zHg); hence, the position of the fluorine nuclei may be determined from the value of the second moment of the NMR spectrum of ¹⁹F for powder sample.³ In this case it is ostensibly important, inasmuch as determining the positions of fluorine nuclei near the heavy mercury atoms presents a difficulty for X-ray analysis.     

由13C NMR化学位移测定值确定烷烃生成焓

本文通过分析烷烃核磁共振碳谱（¹³C NMR）化学位移与生成焓之间的关系,提出由¹³C NMR化学位移的测定值来确定烷烃生成焓的新方法．用53个烷烃分子的¹³C NMR化学位移总和（SCS）、三键数（P3）以及碳原子数目（n）与生成焓实验值进行相关,所得回归方程的相关性良好（相关系数R=0.998 2,标准偏差S=3.5 kJ/mol）．进而,通过随机抽样和留一法证实该方程具有良好的稳定性和预测能力．将烷烃¹³C NMR化学位移与其生成焓定量联系起来,不仅有利于深入理解分子结构与性能关系,还为预测那些难于测定且费时的物理化学性质提供了新思路．     

取代亚胺中亚胺基15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算苯甲醛亚胺、N-苯基亚胺、N-甲基亚胺、N-异丙基亚胺中亚胺基氮原子¹⁵N NMR化学位移的经验公式：δ_cal=δ_0n+Δα+Δβ+Δγ+c. 按亚胺基氮原子和碳原子上两类取代基的不同分别结合最小二乘法通过线性回归各得到5种取代基参数,计算结果分别以其化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,最大误差Δδ≤3.1,大约有95%的¹⁵N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于3.0（相对误差小于0.3%）. 初步分析了芳香族亚胺苯环上对位取代基对亚胺基氮原子化学位移的影响.     

脂肪胺类化合物氨基15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算脂肪胺类化合物的¹⁵N NMR化学位移的经验公式：δ_cal（¹⁵N）=-380.2+ΣΔα+ΣΔβ+ΣΔγ+ΣΔδ+ΣC,结合最小二乘法通过线性回归得到了11种取代基参数,计算结果以133种化合物的133个¹⁵N NMR化学位移数据为样本点进行回归检验,置信度为99.5 %,约有94.7 %的¹⁵N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于5.0（相对误差小于0.5 %）.     

NMR Nomenclature: Nuclear Spin Properties and Conventions for Chemical Shifts. IUPAC Recommendations 2001

A unified scale is recommended for reporting the NMR chemical shifts of all nuclei relative to the ¹H resonance of tetramethylsilane. The unified scale is designed to provide a precise ratio, Ξ, of the resonance frequency of a given nuclide to that of the primary reference, the ¹H resonance of tetramethylsilane (TMS) in dilute solution (volume fraction, <1%) in chloroform. Referencing procedures are discussed, including matters of practical application of the unified scale. Special attention is paid to recommended reference samples, and values of Ξ for secondary references on the unified scale are listed, many of which are the results of new measurements. Some earlier recommendations relating to the reporting of chemical shifts are endorsed. The chemical shift, δ, is redefined to avoid previous ambiguities but to leave practical usage unchanged. Relations between the unified scale and recently published recommendations for referencing in aqueous solutions (for specific use in biochemical work) are discussed, as well as the special effects of working in the solid state with magic-angle spinning. In all, nine new recommendations relating to chemical shifts are made. Standardised nuclear spin data are also presented in tabular form for the stable (and some unstable) isotopes of all elements with non-zero quantum numbers. The information given includes quantum numbers, isotopic abundances, magnetic moments, magnetogyric ratios, and receptivities, together with quadrupole moments and line-width factors (where appropriate).     

原小檗属类生物碱13C核磁共振化学位移的模拟

将表征分子局部化学微环境的原子电性作用矢量(AEIV)和原子所处状态的原子杂化状态指数(AHSI)用于原小檗属类生物碱¹³C核磁共振(NMR)波谱模拟中,所得5参数回归模型的r, q, RMSEE和RMSCV分别为0.982 9, 0.982 1, 7.732 9和7.884 3. 采用留分法(LMO)和交叉测试(cross test, CT)相结合的方式对模型稳定性和预测能力的检验结果较为满意,LMO及CT对样本原子化学位移预测值与实验值的相关系数rpred分别为0.982 9, 0.986 5和0.982 1. 进一步采用该模型对¹³C NMR未知的4个小檗碱类化合物共计58个等价共振碳原子进行预测,所得结果与谱学模拟软件gNMR计算值较为接近.     

13C NMR在新型灵芝三萜类化合物的应用

高等真菌灵芝属的子实体作为著名的中药,灵芝三萜类化合物是中药灵芝主要活性化学成分,近年来灵芝三萜类化合物仍然不断被大量发现, 而且结构越来越新奇. 本文总结了10年来文献报道灵芝三萜化合物的¹³C NMR化学位移,找出了一些规律, 对进行灵芝三萜化合物类结构的研究,将提供十分便捷的途径.     

A Quantitative Study of Effects of Rare Earth Chelates on NMR Chemical Shifts: I. Treatment of 1:1 Complexes and Chemical Shifts of the Pure Complexes

Recently several rare earth chelates have been found that induce large and dramatic chemical shifts when complexed with a ligand.¹ This is due to paramagnetic shielding, the mechanism of which is observed to be a pseudo-contact shift. In cases such as this involving dynamic equilibria where exchange of protons is rapid compared to observation time, the observed chemical shift represents an average environment determined by the time the proton nuclei spend at each site. The effective site of the complex is a lone pair donor such as the oxygen of a carbonyl group, alcohol, or ether, or the nitrogen of various nitrogen containing groups. The oxygen bearing compounds could theoretically form strong complexes with the added possibility of multiple complexes with chelates. The nitrogen bearing compounds of weak donor strength and containing only a lone pair would presumably form only the 1:1 complex.     

环维黄杨星D^13C和^1H化学位移的全归属

环维黄杨星D为自黄杨木中提取精制的有效生物碱,临床上已长期用于心血管疾病的治疗.本文用制备高效液相色谱提取、分离并纯化环维黄杨星D,用1D,2D NMR技术 (COSY,DEPT,HMQC 和 HMBC)对其结构进行研究,并且首次对环维黄杨星D的1H NMR 和 13C NMR 信号进行了全归属,同时通过NMR数据确证了环维黄杨星D的结构.     

芳香醚类化合物13C NMR化学位移模拟

构建了基于分子三维结构计算的原子电负性距离矢量（atomic electronegative space distance vector,AESDV）,用以描述各芳香醚类化合物分子中不同等价碳原子的化学微环境,并结合原子自身杂化状态指数（AHSI）,建立了13C核磁共振定量结构波谱关系的多元线性回归模型,复相关系数（R）为0.964,标准误差（SD）为8.673．经留一法交互检验的复相关系数（RCV）为0.948,标准误差（SDCV）为10.362．随机抽出样本进行外部检验,得到测试集的复相关系数（Rtest1及 Rtest2）分别为0.979和0.939,标准误差（SDtest1及 SDtest2）分别为6.400和10.162．研究结果表明,使用该方法所建模型具有良好的预测能力和稳定性．