Investigation of the luminescence properties and thermal stability of dysprosium,terbium, and europium ions singly- and co-doped strontium yttrium borate phosphors

A series of trivalent rare-earth element ions (europium, terbium, dysprosium) singly- and co-doped strontium yttrium borate phosphors was synthesized via the sol–gel method. The phase formation, luminescence properties, decay times, and energy transfer behaviors from terbium ions to europium ions, the thermal stability, and the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage coordinates were investigated. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light, the singly doped phosphors exhibited green emission of terbium ions, white emission of dysprosium ions, and red emission of europium ions, respectively. For the terbium and europium ions co-doped strontium yttrium borate samples, a white emission can be realized by blending the doping concentration of terbium and europium ions. The critical distance between terbium and europium ions has been calculated to be about 14.52?Å and the energy transfer from terbium to europium occurred through the dipole–quadrupole interaction. At 150°C, the emission intensity of terbium and europium in the 12?mol% terbium and 14?mol% europium co-doped strontium yttrium borate sample was maintained at about 74% and 87% of their corresponding initial values, respectively, and the dysprosium ions singly doped strontium yttrium borate sample showed about 70% of its initial emission intensity at room temperature. The above results suggested that europium, terbium, dysprosium ions singly- and co-doped strontium yttrium borate phosphors have potential applications as ultraviolet-convertible phosphors.     

稀土水杨酸配合物的光谱性质

合成了一系列稀土水杨酸配合物.分别研究了配合物的红外光谱(IR),紫外(UV)及荧光光谱(FS)性质.红外光谱研究表明,稀土和水杨酸主要通过羧基进行配位,而紫外光谱显示配合物中水杨酸和稀土离子之间的能量传递是主要过程;配合物的荧光性质研究发现水杨酸钆,水杨酸铽,水杨酸镝分子内能量传递效率高,具有很强的荧光性质.     

Optical and luminescence spectroscopy of zinc gallate phosphors codoped with manganese and europium ions

Zinc gallate compounds codoped with manganese and europium ions were synthesized using the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. All samples were “characterized” by X-ray diffraction measurements, ultraviolet reflection spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Structural investigations confirmed that incorporation of europium ions in zinc gallate host leads to distortion of the spinel unit cell and increase in lattice parameter. Manganese ions show the intense excitation in the region of band-to-band transitions. Zinc gallate spinel compounds codoped with manganese and europium ions exhibit emission in the whole spectral region. Among the manganese and europium activator emissions in the “green” and “red” spectral regions, the “blue” emission of spinel matrix was observed. Photoluminescence excitation spectra of europium ions and reflection spectra show similar results in the near-ultraviolet region of the spectra. The optimal concentration of europium activator was determined. Europium doping level leads to redistribution of excitation and emission intensities of zinc gallate codoped samples. The possible energy transfer mechanisms between matrix, manganese, and europium ions are discussed. Overlapping of excitation bands of all types of luminescence gives a possibility to obtain emission in the whole visible spectral range. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage chromaticity diagrams confirmed a possible application of the studied zinc gallate spinel compounds codoped with manganese and europium ions for the development of ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet phosphors with flexible emission color in the visible spectral range.     

均苯三甲酸Eu-Tb配合物的合成及荧光性质研究

以H₃BTC为配体,用水热法合成了均苯三甲酸Eu-Tb系列发光配合物Eu_1-xTb_x BTC·nH₂O(H₃BTC=1,3,5-均苯三甲酸,x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.0;n=0, 0.5),通过化学分析及元素分析确定了配合物的组成,用红外光谱对其进行了表征;研究了配合物的激发光谱和发射光谱,并就其荧光强度与两种稀土离子含量之间的关系进行了讨论。结果表明：(1)该系列配合物(除纯均苯三甲酸Tb外)均发出Eu离子的特征荧光,而荧光强度随着Eu和Tb离子的不同发生了明显变化,发射峰位置基本不变;(2)系列配合物中Tb对Eu的荧光强度有敏化作用,Eu对Tb的荧光强度有猝灭作用;同时Eu离子的5D₀→7F₁和5D₀→7F₂跃迁发射强度较强,且均劈裂为两个峰(587,593 nm)及(611.2,618 nm),这是由于Eu离子所处的配位环境不同所引起的。     

混合固态铕铽配合物的荧光研究

由邻苯二甲酸氢钾,２,２’－联吡啶分别与ＥｕＣｌ３和ＴｂＣｌ３在乙醇水溶液中反应,合成了铕配合物Ｅｕ２Ｌ３Ｌ’和铽配合物Ｔｂ２Ｌ３Ｌ’（Ｌ＝邻苯二甲酸根,Ｌ’＝２,２’联吡啶）;以不同摩尔比混合两种配合物,经机械研磨,得混合固体铕铽配合物。测试了配合物的荧光光谱及红外光谱,结果表明,与单一铕配合物和铽配合物相比,混合固态配合物无论是荧光发射峰位还是荧光强度均发生了明显变化,铽对铕的荧光强度有敏化作     

Spectroscopic Study of the Photophysical Properties of Rare Earth Ions Encapsulated: Water Soluble Functional Calixresorcin[4]Arene

Abstract

A novel macrocyclic compound-water soluble functional calixresorcin[4]arenes—tetra para sulfo-phenylmethyl-calixresorcin[4]arenes was synthesized for the first time. the photophysical properties of terbium and europium ions encapsulated in the macrocyclic ligand were studied in detail. the triplet state energy of the calixresorcin[4]arene was determined to be 24400 cm^?1 by the low temperature phosphorescence spectrum and it was found that it can sensitize both terbium ion and europium ion. the possible energy transfer process between the functional calixresorcin[4]arene and the encapsulated Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ was discussed. the luminescence quantum efficiency of Tb³⁺- calixresorcin[4]arene was calculated.     

协同发光效应及机理探讨

在研究共存离子对稀土配合物荧光强度影响时发现,许多稀土和非稀土离子在一定浓度范围内可对配合物的荧光产生增强效应.这种现象与协同萃取类似,我们将其命名为“协同发光效应”.本文采用激光诱导荧光光谱法,研究了十四种稀土离子对Eu、Sm-TTA-Phen-Triton X-100体系和Eu、Sm-DBM-CPB体系的协同发光效应.并从稀土离子的化学性质,光谱能级和所形成配合物的化学结构和空间结构等方面综合考虑,提出协同发光机理.拟定出用于痕量铕和钐测定的薪的超高灵敏度分析方法.     

Luminescence efficiency of aromatic carboxylates of europium and terbium when methylene bridges and nitro groups are present in the ligands

We discuss the possibility of optimizing the brightness of luminescence for phenylcarboxylates, naphthylcarboxylates, and indolylcarboxylates of europium and terbium and their adducts with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine by modifying the ligands. We have studied the efficiency of luminescence and luminescence excitation. We consider the effect of blocking energy transfer from the ligands to the Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions by methylene (-CH₂-) bridges dividing the π-electron system of the ligands into two parts and by the electronacceptor nitro group (-NO₂). We have analyzed the pathways for transfer and degradation of the excitation energy at 77 K and 300 K. From the phosphorescence spectra of gadolinium salts, we have determined the energies of the lowest excited triplet states of the ligands. We consider the effect of the relative positions of the triplet levels of the ligands and the excited levels of the Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions on the luminescence efficiency. We found channels for dissipation of the excitation energy via the ππ* and nπ* states of the aromatic system of the carboxylate and the NO₂ group. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 48–54, January–February, 2007.     

Micro-Meter Size Organogelator with Tri-Color Luminescence (Blue, Green and Red) Activated by Dy3+, Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions

The preparation of a novel type of low-molecular-weight amphiphilic organogelator bearing three long 14-alkyl chains and hydrophilic oligo(oxyethylene) groups was described. Ultra-violet absorption and fluorescence spectra give evidence of the energy transfer between organic ligands to lanthanide ions. Characteristic green, blue and red luminescence of the organogels were obtained and interesting emission properties of terbium, dysprosium and europium ions were unexpectedly observed at the first time during the order-disorder phase transition point (29 °C).     

邻苯二甲酸—邻菲罗啉—铕—铽络合体系的荧光性能研究

波长为３６５ｎｍ的紫外光激发下均可发出特征荧光的邻苯二甲酸－邻菲罗啉－铕和铽固体络合物以机械研磨和化学作用两种方式进行混合，研究了这两系列混合络合物的荧光光谱和红外光谱。结果表明，由于铕、铽之间存在相互影响，其荧光强度变化较大，而荧光发射峰位基本不变。经化学混合后铽对铕的荧光强度有极强的敏化作用，铕对铽具有很强的猝灭作用，并用红外光谱对上述四种络合物体系的结构进行了表征     

RE(POA)3phen配合物的合成、表征及荧光性能

合成了以稀土离子Sm³⁺、Eu³⁺、Tb³⁺、Dy³⁺及Tb³⁺为发光中心,以苯氧乙酸(HPOA)和邻菲罗啉(phen)为配体,掺杂La³⁺、Gd³⁺、 Y³⁺的7种稀土配合物, 对配合物进行了C、H、N元素分析、稀土络合滴定、红外光谱、紫外光谱和发光光谱的研究。结果表明配合物的组成分别为SmL₃L'·1/2H₂O,EuL₃L'·1/2H₂O,TbL₃L'· 1/2H₂O,DyL₃L'·1/2H₂O,掺杂配合物组成分别为Tb_0.5Gd_0.5L₃L'·1/2H₂O,Tb_0.5Y_0.5L₃L'·1/2H₂O,Tb_0.5La_0.5L₃L'·1/2H₂O(L=C₆H₅OCH₂COO^-, L'=phen)。配合物中的稀土离子与苯氧乙酸中羧基的一个氧原子和苯氧基的氧原子配位,与邻菲罗啉中的两个氮原子配位成键;荧光光谱表明,铽三元配合物的发射强度要远大于其它三元配合物的发光强度,掺杂发光惰性稀土离子La³⁺、Gd³⁺、Y³⁺的铽配合物中,Y³⁺掺杂配合物的发光强度有所增强。     

Structural Investigation and Photoluminescent Properties of Gadolinium(III), Europium(III) and Terbium(III) 3-Mercaptopropionate Complexes

This work reports on the synthesis, crystallographic determination and spectroscopic characterization of gadolinium(III), terbium(III) and europium(III) 3-mercaptopropionate complexes, aqua-tris(3-mercaptopropionate)lanthanide(III) - [Ln(mpa)₃(H₂O)]. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters were experimentally determined from emission spectrum of the [Eu(mpa)₃(H₂O)]complex and they were also calculated from crystallographic data. The complexes are coordination polymers, where the units of each complex are linked together by carboxylate groups leading to an unidimensional and parallel chains that by chemical interactions form a tridimensional framework. The emission spectrum profile of the [Eu(mpa)₃(H₂O)] complex is discussed based on point symmetry of the europium(III) ion, that explains the bands splitting observed in its emission spectrum. Photoluminescent analysis of the [Gd(mpa)₃(H₂O)] complex show no efficient ligand excitation but an intense charge transfer band. The excitation spectra of the [Eu(mpa)₃(H₂O)] and [Tb(mpa)₃(H₂O)] complexes do not show evidence of energy transfer from the ligand to the excited levels of these trivalent ions. Therefore the emission bands are originated only by direct f-f intraconfigurational excitation of the lantanide(III) ions.     

铽-聚N-乙烯基乙酰胺体系中镧钆掺杂稀土配合物谱学研究

在乙醇溶液中合成了掺杂镧和钆的铽-聚N-乙烯基乙酰胺(PNVA)的掺杂稀土配合物, 并通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、 XPS光电子能谱和荧光光谱研究了该配合物的光谱性质. 结果表明: 掺杂稀土配合物中的稀土离子都与高分子配体PNVA产生配位作用. 配合物的最佳激发波长为303 nm;在此波长激发下, 配合物发出较强铽的特征荧光, 说明非荧光稀土离子(La3 和Gd3 )对Tb3 离子的发光有显著的增强作用, 而对Tb3 的发射峰位影响不大.     

Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript>, Tb<Superscript>3+</Superscript> Complexes with Schiff Base Derivatives

Novel Schiff base ligands derived from N′-benzylidene-benzohydrazide (substituted by –H, ?CH₃, ?OCH₃, ?Cl) and 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide were synthesized. The solid complexes of rare earth (Eu, Tb) nitrate with these Schiff base ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, EDTA titrimetric analysis, thermal analysis, infrared spectra and UV–Vis spectra analysis. The fluorescence properties of rare earth (Eu, Tb) complexes in solid were studied. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light, these complexes exhibited characteristic emission of europium and terbium ions. The results showed that the ligand favored energy transfer to the emitting energy of Eu and Tb ions. Effects of different ligands on the fluorescence intensity of rare earth (Eu, Tb) complexes had been discussed. The electrochemical properties of rare earth (Eu, Tb) complexes were also investigated.     

Luminescence of SrX 2 microcrystals (X = Cl,I) activated with Eu2+ ions and dispersed in a NaI matrix

Luminescence spectroscopy has been used to determine the parameters of NaI-SrI₂-Eu, NaI-SrCl₂-Eu, and NaI-BaI₂-Eu compounds in the energy range of 3.7–18 eV at 10 and 295 K and investigate the phase formation in these crystalline systems. The NaI-SrI₂(1 mol %)-Eu(0.02 mol %) crystalline system has revealed formation of SrI₂ microcrystals activated with europium ions and dispersed in the NaI matrix. Formation of SrCl₂-Eu²⁺ microcrystals dispersed in a NaI matrix is observed for NaI-SrCl₂(1 mol %)-Eu(0.02 mol %) crystalline system. The mechanisms of aggregation of impurity ions and specific features of luminescence excitation for europium ions in dispersed microcrystals are discussed.     

水杨酸酯-铽络合物的发光及其向铕离子的能量传递

本文应用稳态和瞬态光谱技术探讨了稀土离子铽与水杨酸甲酯,苯酯所形成络合物的发光特性,它们向铕离子的能量传递过程;以及pH值对络合物的发光和能量传递的影响。络合物的发光比络合前铽离子的发光增强了几至十几倍;介质的pH变化影响到络合物的发光强度和能量传递效率,中性介质(pH:6～8)下的量传递效率最高。     

Evaluation of the lanthanide compression by spectra of europium and terbium compounds

Comparison of the luminescence spectra of europium and terbium compounds was suggested for direct evaluation of the influence of compression of the lanthanide wavefunctions in transition from europium to terbium—‘lanthanide compression’. It is possible because the types of symmetry of the states of the Stark components of europium ⁷F_J energy levels determined previously could be used for assignment of corresponding components of Tb³⁺ energy levels. This procedure can lower the ambiguity of calculations of the crystal field parameters for terbium compounds.     

The sensitivity of the lehn cryptand—europium and terbium (III) complexes to anions compared to a coordinatively saturated systems

Titrations of the Lehn cryptand [Ln⊂bpy.bpy.bpy]³⁺ complexes of both europium (III) and terbium (III) with fluoride and phosphate ions indicate that these anions displace water from the solvation sphere. In the case of the europium complex an enhancement of luminescence intensity is observed, whilst with the terbium complex a reduction in the emission intensity occurs. Described are the preparations of analogous, coordinatively saturated complexes that are inert to the influence of these anions.     

Luminescent Properties of a Polymer Photoluminescent Composite Containing the Binuclear (EU,TB) Complex as an Emitter

Uninuclear europium (Eu), as well as binuclear Eu and terbium (Tb), complexes were synthesized using acrylic acid (AA) as the first ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) as the second ligand. The relative weight ratio of the europium (III) (Eu³⁺) to terbium (III) (Tb³⁺) ions of the binuclear complex was 1:1 as determined via energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The structures of the Eu(AA)₃Phen and Eu_0.5Tb_0.5(AA)₃Phen complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A series of tri-cellulose acetate (TCA)/ the Eu(AA)₃Phen and TCA/Eu_0.5Tb_0.5(AA)₃Phen composites were prepared by solution blending, and their luminescent properties were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The excitation spectra of all composites indicated that the TCA matrix probably affected the energy absorption and transfer of organic ligands. In TCA/Eu_0.5Tb_0.5(AA)₃Phen composites the introduced Tb³⁺ ions had some influence on energy absorption and transfer of organic ligands; the energy transfer process of the complex is suggested to be as follows: Phen→AA→Tb³⁺ion→Eu³⁺ion. The emission spectra indicated that the luminescent intensity of the TCA/Eu_0.5Tb_0.5(AA)₃Phen composites was noticeably stronger than that of the TCA/Eu(AA)₃Phen composites, suggesting that the comparatively stable and high-efficiency energy transfer process was only slightly influenced by the TCA matrix. In summary, the TCA/Eu_0.5Tb_0.5(AA)₃Phen (90/10) composite possesses fine luminescent properties for potential usage as red fluorescent materials.     

Photophysical Properties of Luminescent Quaternary Lanthanide Molecular Hybrid Systems with Chemical Bonds from the Cooperative Design and Assembly of Structure and Function

Two long chain aliphatic acyl chlorides (dodecanoyl chloride (C₁₀H₁₉OCl, abbreviated as DC) and stearoyl chloride (C₁₈H₃₅Ocl, abbreviated as SC)) were modified by means of the amidation reaction with crosslinking molecules (N-aminopropyl-triethoxylsiliane, (APES, H₂N(CH₂)₃Si(OC₂H₅)₃)) and afford two kinds of structural molecular bridge DC (SC)− APES with double reactivity. Subsequently, according to the principle of coordination chemistry, ternary lanthanide (terbium and europium) molecular complex systems with two molecular bridges DC (SC)− APES and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) of were successfully assembled. Then the modified molecular bridges behave as structural ligands to form the covalent bond Si− O network with matrix precursor (tetraethoxysilane, TEOS) through a sol-gel process (cohydrolysis and copolycondensation process), resulting in a novel quaternary molecular hybrid material (so called as phen-Tb(Eu)−DC(SC)− APES) with strong chemical bonds (N− Tb(Eu)− O coordination bonds and Si− O covalent bonds). And phen behaves as functional ligand to sensitize the luminescence of terbium or europium ions through the effective intramolecular energy transfer process, which gives rise to the characteristic emission of metal ion.