预衍生化-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中酸性除草剂

向水样中逐滴加硫酸(1+2)调节至pH<2,用二氯甲烷先后提取3次。合并的提取液用无水酸性硫酸钠脱水,并蒸缩至约1 mL后用吹氮法蒸干。加入丙酮溶解残渣后,在催化剂碳酸钾存在下用五氟苄基溴进行衍生化,溶于正己烷中的衍生产物用极性硅胶柱进行纯化。先用甲苯-正己烷(1+6)混合溶剂淋洗净化柱以除去衍生产物中的干扰副产物,然后用甲苯-正己烷(9+1)从净化柱上将目标化合物洗脱,所得洗脱液经浓缩并加入八氟联苯作内标后供气相色谱-质谱分析。气相色谱中用HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱进行分离,质谱分析中用负化学离子源及选择离子扫描(SIM)。此方法对测定的14种酸性除草剂的检出限(3S/N)均小于10 ng.L-1。对所述14种除草剂做了回收试验,结果在66.0%~117.0%之间,测定7次的相对标准偏差均小于9%。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定水产品中19种氯代酚及其钠盐

建立了用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定水产品中19种氯代酚及其钠盐的分析方法。试样用H_2SO_4消解后,用环己烷-乙酸乙酯提取酸解液中的氯代酚,利用酚类易溶于稀碱溶液的性质,将氯代酚提取到稀碱液中,调稀碱液pH至微酸性,用二氯甲烷-正己烷溶液萃取,无水Na_2SO_4脱水,浓缩定容并硅烷化衍生后,用GC-MS仪EI源选择离子模式检测,氘代4-氯-3-甲基酚(PCMC-d_2)和氘代2,4,6-三溴苯酚(2,4,6-TBP-d_2)为内标,内标法定量。氯代酚在2.0~70.0μg/L范围内,其浓度和峰面积呈良好的线性相关(r≥0.999);水产品中添加量为1.00μg/kg、2.00μg/kg、3.00μg/kg和7.00μg/kg时,回收率一氯酚(MCP)为55.2%~88.8%,二氯酚(DCP)为63.0%~114%,三氯酚(TCP)为76.0%~116%、四氯酚(TeCP)为78%~125%,五氯酚(PCP)为83.2%~104%;方法检出限在0.2~0.4μg/kg之间。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中氯代苯胺类化合物

提出用顶空采样法富集水样中12种氯代苯胺类化合物,经气相色谱分离后用质谱法测定其含量。试验选择了最佳顶空条件。取水样8.00mL置于顶空瓶中,加入碳酸钠3.4g(盐析剂)和0.500mg·L-1内标溶液8μL,于80℃恒温条件下振荡40min。测定的12种化合物以气体状态进入DB-35MS色谱柱,按程序升温模式进行分离;质谱测定中,采用电子轰击离子源和选择离子监测模式。12种氯代苯胺类化合物的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3.14s)在0.03～0.3μg·L-1之间。按标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在86.0%～131%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.0%～20%之间。     

衍生-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中痕量雌激素

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定水中雌二醇、雌酮、雌三醇、戊酸雌二醇、己烯雌酚、乙炔雌二醇、双酚A和壬基酚等8种雌激素含量的方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取和HLB小柱净化后,所得净化液中的雌激素与三甲基硅基化剂(TMS)或七氟丁酸酐(HFBA)进行衍生化反应产物用正己烷定容。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5MS毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用全扫描和选择离子监测模式。8种雌激素的峰面积与质量浓度在20.0～1 000μg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.1～0.5μg.L-1之间。方法用于水中雌激素的测定,回收率在71%～103%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.2%～15%之间。     

柱前衍生/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定水中壬基酚和邻苯二甲酸酯

在采用OasisHLB固相萃取柱富集水中壬基酚和邻苯二甲酸酯的基础上 ,利用壬基酚与N,O_双 (三甲基硅烷基 )三氟乙酰胺 (BSTFA)之间的衍生化反应 ,发展了气相色谱 -质谱同时测定水中壬基酚和邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的方法 ,能够准确测定11种壬基酚同分异构体及4种邻苯二甲酸酯 ,回收率达到78.9 %±24.5 % ;具有较高的灵敏度 ,方法检出限达到(1.9～5.5)×10-4μg/L;并且具有很好的重现性和精密度。该方法已成功应用于城市污水中壬基酚和邻苯二甲酸酯类内分泌干扰物的分析测定     

同步超声衍生萃取土壤中氯代酸性有机物

建立了土壤中酸性有机物的同步衍生萃取分析方法,实现了溶剂体积与土壤质量1:1萃取。将土壤、石英砂、Na4-EDTA和纯水充分混合,室温放置36 h左右使酸性有机物释放,并使水分挥发。将该状态的土壤置于衍生瓶,加入丙酮、五氟苄基溴溶液和K2CO3溶液,利用超声技术将酸性有机物的萃取和衍生同时完成,超声时间为30 min时达到最佳萃取衍生效果。萃取液用硅胶柱净化后,用气相色谱-负化学源质谱(NCI)11 min内完成检测。在5.0~250.0μg/L线性范围内,各组分线性系数r2>0.997,检出限在1.2~4.8μg/kg之间,加标回收率在66.2%~102.9%之间,相对标准偏差在8.4%~13%之间。用该技术对土壤样品分析取得满意结果。     

加速溶剂萃取-在线衍生-气相色谱-质谱法同时分析土壤中有机氯农药和酸性除草剂

建立了土壤中13种极性除草剂与20种非极性有机氯农药的同时萃取检测的方法.利用加速溶剂萃取过程中的温度环境与溶剂环境,使强极性氯代酸性除草剂与五氟苄基溴在萃取池内反应,酯化产物的极性显著降低.利用丙酮溶剂使之与非极性的有机氯农药同时萃取;利用衍生产物与有机氯农药的高电负性使除草剂与有机氯农药在气相色谱负化学源质谱上同时...     

气相色谱-串联质谱法分析茶叶中11种除草剂

优化了茶叶中11种除草剂的前处理方法和串联质谱检测条件。样品经乙腈提取,石墨化炭黑/丙基乙二胺(Graphitized Carbon Blacks/primarySecondary Amine,GCB/PSA)固相萃取小柱净化,采用大体积进样,串联四极杆质谱多反应监测(MRM)进行测定。11种除草剂在质量浓度为0.050～0.500mg/kg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,检出限(10S/N)在1.3～13.0μg/kg之间;添加浓度为0.05 mg/kg时,11种农药的平均回收率为74.8%～98.8%,RSD为8.6%～15%;添加浓度为0.25 mg/kg时,11种农药的平均回收率为78.5%～95.4%,RSD为7.4%～15%(n=5)。方法适用于茶叶中上述11种除草剂的快速筛查。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中10种酸性除草剂的残留量

取茶叶样品5.00g,用水[预先用50%(体积分数)盐酸溶液调节其酸度至pH 2.0]10.0mL浸泡30min。先后用乙腈超声提取2次(每次用乙腈20.0mL),每次20min,离心,合并两次提取的上清液,先后于30℃水浴中减压蒸发以及在常温下吹氮至溶液近干,加入乙腈-甲苯-乙酸(75+25+1)混合溶液(简称为ATA混合液)5.0mL溶解残渣,此溶液流经Cleanert Pestic Carb/NH2固相萃取柱净化。收集流出液(主液),用ATA混合液15.0mL淋洗萃取柱,收集流出液并与主液合并,在常温条件下吹氮至近干。加入丙酮870μL溶解残渣。按文献报道的方法进行五氟苄溴(PFBBr)衍生化于60℃水浴中反应1.0h,用正己烷1.0mL提取所生成的衍生物。按所选条件用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定提取液中10种酸性除草剂的残留量。结果表明:10种酸性除草剂化合物的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.022 3～1.54μg·kg~(-1)。以红茶、绿茶和乌龙茶为基质,按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在72.2%～109%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.10%～5.2%之间。     

固相萃取衍生气相色谱-负化学源质谱法检测水中酸性除草剂

建立了利用反相固相萃取、五氟苄基溴衍生、气相色谱分离负化学源质谱同时定性与定量分析15种氯代酸性除草剂的方法.通过对5种品牌不同规格的固相萃取柱的对比实验,最终确定了德国Merk公司生产的LiChrolut柱,在给定的条件下可达最高回收率;通过对不同萃取条件的考察,使其中15种除草剂的回收率均达到70%以上;选择了毒性较低、衍生效率较高、可操作性较强的五氟苄基溴进行衍生;采用不同的气相色谱柱进行实验,优化了升温程序,从而确定了最佳的分离条件;通过对比不同离子源特点及实验数据结果选择了定性准、灵敏度高的负化学源质谱法进行检测,实现了免净化操作,建立了萃取体积小,萃取效率高,适合于气相色谱检测的多组分固相萃取方法,检出限在萃取体积200 mL的条件下即可低于0.01 μg/L,从而为地下水、地表水、饮用水中多目标污染物的同时检测提供了可靠的技术支撑.     

单滴微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定水中的硝基咪唑类药物

建立了单滴液相微萃取(SDME)与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术快速检测水中的硝基咪唑类药物,对影响萃取的因素(溶剂的种类及用量、萃取时间、萃取温度及搅拌子的搅拌速度)进行优化。优化的萃取条件为:溶剂为2.5μL正辛醇,温度为50℃,搅拌速度为600 r/min,时间为20 min。萃取后,微液滴转移至衍生化试管,于70℃水浴中衍生45 min,进样分析。该方法在水中的线性范围为0.5~400μg/L,线性相关系数良好(r0.998),检测限为0.16~0.57μg/L。加标自来水和湖水中的相对平均回收率为80.9%~103.6%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~9.0%。     

Single-walled carbon nanotubes coated fibers for solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of pesticides in Tea samples

Using a single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as stationary phase of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, a simple, low cost and environmentally friendly method for extraction of 13 pesticides in Tea samples has been developed following gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination. Potential factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized, including extraction and desorption time, extraction temperature, stirring rate, solution pH and ionic strength. Under optimized conditions, the linearity of the developed method was in the range of 0.125-25 ng/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9928 and the limits of detections (LODs) were 0.027-0.23 ng/mL (S/N = 3). Meanwhile, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for five successive measurements with single fiber, fiber-to-fiber, day-to-day were 2.3-13.0, 8.2-14.6 and 4.1-12.5%, respectively, indicating good reproducibility of the proposed method. The fiber had high extraction efficiency for studied pesticides in comparison with commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and polyacrylate (PA) fibers and could be used for more than 70 times without decrease of efficiency. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of real samples including green Tea, oolong Tea, white Tea, and flower Tea, and the recoveries of the pesticides spiked in these samples ranged from 75.1 to 118.4%. Chlorfenapyr and λ-cyhalothrin were found in the Tea samples bought randomly from local market. The results demonstrated that the developed SWCNTs-SPME method was a simple, efficient pretreatment and enrichment procedure for pesticides in complex matrices.     

Determination of triethanolamine in air samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Summary Low amounts of triethanolamine, collected in ORBO 53 tubes during air sampling, required the development of a very sensitive method for determination. After desorption and silylation reaction with trimethylsilyl imidazole/trimethyl chlorosilane, the derivative was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Ultra 2 silica capillary column in single ion monitoring mode (retention time: about 6 min). The method has a detection limit of 1–2 pg with a desorption efficiency of about 81%. Linearity of response was ascertained in the ranges 10–100 ng and 100–1000 ng. Short-term method validation was carried out by intra- and inter-day assays on three amounts for each reference calibration curve. All results satisfied the pre-defined acceptance criteria. In general, the whole procedure was easily performed and was appropriate for our needs. Breakthrough volume was appropriate for our needs. Breakthrough volume was determined on authentic samples and was about 40–60 L, using a flow rate of 1 L·min⁻¹. The amounts of triethanolamine found in the samples ranged from 150 to 250 ng (about 2.5–4.2 μg·m⁻³).     

气相色谱-质谱联用测定环境样品中三氯生

建立了气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析自然水体中三氯生的方法,采用C(18)固相萃取柱处理水样.利用N-甲基-N(三甲基硅)-三氟乙酰胺(MSTFA)对目标物进行衍生化.GC-MS分析中以菲-D10为内标,利用内标法对三氯生进行定量.河水海水中不同浓度加标的三氯生回收率为73%～101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.5%～11.3%之间,方法检出限为0.2 ng/L.该方法适用于河水海水水体中三氯生的测定.     

Analysis of chloroacetanilide herbicides in water samples by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method has been developed for the determination of 3 chloroacetanilide herbicides in both fresh and seawater samples. The extracted sample was analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS), and parameters affecting SPME operation including fibre type, sample pH, sample temperature, mixing speed and extraction time have been evaluated and optimized. The amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the salt content both affected SPME extraction efficiency, but the presence of other competitive extractants such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the matrix showed no insignificance interference. The limit of detection (LOD) for acetochlor, metolachlor and butachlor were 1.2, 1.6 and 2.7 ng L⁻¹, respectively. The recoveries for the herbicides ranged from 79 to 102%, and the linear dynamic range was from 10 to 1000 ng L⁻¹. The developed method has been used to monitor herbicides contaminations in coastal water samples collected around Laizhou bay and Jiaozhou bay in Shandong peninsula, China. The concentrations of acetochlor and metolachlor ranged from undetectable to 78.5 ng L⁻¹ and undetectable to 35.6 ng L⁻¹, respectively. Butachlor was not observed but in only one sample and the concentration is lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ). The concentrations of the three herbicides in this study are low compared to most of the other places reported.     

固相微萃取-GC-MS法测定水中的三苯胂和二苯胂酸

建立了一种同时测定水中痕量三苯胂和二苯胂酸的方法,使用巯基乙酸甲酯作为二苯胂酸测定的衍生化试剂,固相微萃取耦合气相色谱-质谱法(选择离子监测)同时测定三苯胂和二苯胂酸。优化了萃取纤维丝、萃取时间、衍生化等操作条件。同时对混合物测定的回收率、相对标准偏差和最低检测限进行了研究。方法的回收率大于95%,最低检测质量浓度分别为0.0005和0.0003 mg/L,6次测定的相对标准偏差分别为5.3%、7.6%。     

稻谷副产品中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析

对稻谷副产品脂肪酸的组成和含量进行分析测定. 采用索氏提取法提取了稻谷副产品中的脂肪油, 再进行甲酯化处理, 利用气相色谱-质谱法对其脂肪酸组成及含量进行了分析测定. 结果表明, 从稻糠、稻叶、稻秆中鉴定出的脂肪酸分别占其总检出量的96.72%、 71.77%和92.63%, 不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为72.88%、 45.26%和66.96%.     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定牙膏中的二甘醇

建立了气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）快速测定牙膏中的二甘醇的方法。牙膏样品经三氯甲烷提取后,应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪,以选择离子监测（SIM）模式对其中的二甘醇进行分析。二甘醇的线性范围为21.24-1062 mg/L,线性相关系数（r）为0.9995;检出限和定量限分别为2.0、5.0 mg/L;高、中、低3种浓度下的回收率在88.51%-101.6%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.6%-8.11%之间;仪器对二甘醇的响应在24 h内保持稳定。     

基质标准校正-气相色谱-质谱法同时检测地下水中有机氯农药和多环芳烃

建立了同时检测水中17种有机氯农药和16种多环芳烃的气相色谱质谱分析方法。采用C18固相萃取技术萃取水中的有机氯农药和多环芳烃,分析了产生基质效应的主要原因,对不同基质样品进行了回收率比对试验。结果表明方法检出限(LOD)均低于2.0 ng/L,方法所评估的定量限(LOQ)均低于20.0 ng/L,回收率为70%~130%。     

Continuous-flow microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in water

A new method of the determination polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples was developed by continuous-flow microextraction (CFME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this experiment, 15 mL sample solution with no salt-added was flowed at the rate of 1.0 mL min⁻¹ through 3 μL benzene as extraction solvent. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the developed method was found to yield a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 0.05 to 15 ng mL⁻¹. Furthermore, the accuracy and repeatability of the method were good by calculating from water samples spiked at known concentrations of PAHs, and the recovery of optimal method was satisfactory. The results showed that CFME was an efficient preconcentration method for extraction of PAHs from spiked water samples.