光谱法研究百草枯与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用

以亚甲基蓝(MB)为分子探针,用紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、荧光偏振和圆二色光谱研究了百草枯与小牛胸腺(ctDNA)的相互作用.MB分子主要以嵌插方式结合到ctDNA双螺旋结构上,而百草枯则以非竞争方式抑制MB与ctDNA的结合;百草枯对MB-ctDNA体系的荧光偏振以及百草枯对ctDNA圆二色光谱的影响,结果均表明百草枯与ctDNA主要作用方式为非嵌插结合.NaCl对百草枯与ctDNA的结合具有显著的抑制作用,因此可以推断带正电荷的百草枯离子可能通过与ctDNA链上带负电荷的磷酸基以静电相吸的方式结合而堆积在ctDNA双螺旋表面,引起ctDNA收缩,减弱了结合位点附近MB与ctDNA的静电作用;这可能由于钠离子中和了ctDNA磷酸基上的负电荷,从而削弱了百草枯与ctDNA间的静电作用.通过Scatchard方程计算,获得了百草枯与ctDNA的结合常数为1.80×104L·mol-1.     

双酚A与小牛胸腺DNA的嵌插作用

在pH7.4Tris-HCl缓冲条件下,应用多种光谱学方法并结合化学计量学多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘法(MCR-ALS)、DNA熔点测量、粘度分析以及分子模拟技术,研究了环境雌激素双酚A(BPA)与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用。由MCR-ALS解析扩展的紫外光谱数据矩阵,得到了3个反应组分(BPA、ctDNA及BPA-ctDNA复合物)的相对浓度及其光谱曲线,可评估BPA与ctDNA相互作用进程。BPA引起ctDNA熔点和粘度升高、与吖啶橙竞争结合ctDNA表明BPA通过嵌插模式与ctDNA作用。傅里叶红外光谱研究显示,BPA主要结合在ctDNA的A,T碱基富集区,这与分子模拟结果一致。圆二光谱分析表明,BPA与ctDNA作用诱导ctDNA的结构由B构象向A构象转变。     

荧光可逆调控研究CdTe量子点-吖啶橙-小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用及分析应用

水相合成了谷胱甘肽(GSH)修饰的CdTe 量子点(QDs). 在PH＝7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中, 吖啶橙(AO)通过静电引力吸附到GSH-CdTe QDs 的表面, 与GSH-CdTe QDs形成了基态复合物, 导致GSH-CdTe QDs的荧光猝灭. 在GSH-CdTe QDs-AO体系中加入小牛胸腺DNA (ctDNA), ctDNA诱导AO从GSH-CdTe QDs表面脱落嵌入其双螺旋结构中, 导致GSH-CdTe QDs的荧光恢复. 根据GSH-CdTe QDs荧光的猝灭和恢复, 实现了量子点荧光的可逆调控. ctDNA引起GSH-CdTe QDs-AO体系荧光恢复强度与ctDNA浓度成良好的线性关系, 检出限为0.13 ng•mL^－1, 据此提出了简便快捷、准确、高灵敏测定ctDNA的新方法. 还结合共振瑞利散射(RRS)光谱、吸收光谱和原子力显微镜照片研究了GSH-CdTe QDs-AO-ctDNA三者之间的相互作用, 对相互作用机理进行了讨论并提出了相应的作用模型.     

塑化剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯与小牛胸腺DNA的沟槽结合

运用多种光谱学方法,结合化学计量学多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘法(MCRALS),以及分子模拟技术,在人体生理酸度(pH=7.4)条件下研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用。采用MCR-ALS法分析了DBP与ctDNA作用的紫外光谱数据矩阵,结果表明DBP与ctDNA作用形成了DBP-ctDNA复合物。荧光猝灭实验显示,ctDNA对DBP的荧光猝灭属于形成复合物的单一静态猝灭,其主要驱动力为疏水作用和氢键。通过单双链、熔点和粘度等实验证明DBP与ctDNA发生了沟槽结合,结合区域为A、T碱基富集区。圆二色谱和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析表明,DBP与ctDNA结合导致ctDNA结构变得更为松散,但未造成质粒DNA损伤。分子模拟形象直观地展现了两者的结合姿态,预测结果与实验结果吻合。     

维多利亚蓝B标记分光光度法测定小牛胸腺DNA

研究了维多利亚蓝B(VBB)与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用。在室温、pH5.5的(CH2)6N4HCl条件下,ctDNA的加入使VBB在其最大吸收波长616nm处的吸光度明显下降,下降的程度与ctDNA的含量呈线性关系,线性范围为0～14μmol·L-1,检出限为(3σ)0.032mg·L-1,但在572nm波长处出现VBB ctDNA新的吸收峰,结合数为1∶1。以VBB为标记物,建立了一种测定ctDNA的新方法。方法具有操作简单、灵敏度和选择性较好。用于合成样品中ctDNA的分析,RSD为1.5%～2.1%,回收率为97.0%～98.2%,结果满意。     

沙丁胺醇与小牛胸腺DNA相互作用研究

在生理酸度条件下(pH7.4),运用紫外–可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色谱(CD)和傅立叶红外光谱(FT–IR)并结合分子模拟、DNA熔点及粘度测定,研究了沙丁胺醇(Sal)与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用。结果表明,ctDNA以静态方法猝灭Sal的内源荧光,25℃时ctDNA与Sal的结合常数为1.26×104L·mol,氢键和范德华力是两者结合的主要驱动力。Sal存在下,ctDNA的熔点无明显变化,KI荧光猝灭效应和盐效应不明显,证实Sal与ctDNA主要通过沟槽模式结合。FT-IR与分子模拟结果显示,Sal倾向于与ctDNA的胸腺嘧啶(T碱基)结合。CD和凝胶电泳分析表明,Sal与ctDNA结合没有对DNA产生明显损伤,DNA仍维持B型构象。     

含芘荧光化学敏感器化合物同小牛胸腺DNA分子间的相互作用

研究了含芘荧光化学敏感器分子被ctDNA猝灭的荧光光谱.ctDNA分子对该化学敏感器中芘的激发单体,激基缔合物都有猝灭作用.对激发单体的猝灭速度顺序为;化合物(2)>化合物(1)>芘丁酸>化合物(3);对激基缔合物的猝灭速度顺序为;化合物(2)化合物(3).由得到的荧光猝灭数据,可按公式(2)求得荧光化学敏感器分子与ctDNA分子相互作用的稳定常数.发现化合物(2)与ctDNA分子间有着最强的相互作用能力.按ctDNA和含芘荧光化学敏感器的分子结构、构型以及分子内原子-原子的间距等提出了ctDNA分子与该荧光化学敏感器的作用模型,并对上述结果进行了初步解释.     

盐酸四环素-Zn(Ⅱ)配合物与DNA的相互作用研究

利用荧光和紫外光谱法研究了盐酸四环素(TC)-Zn(Ⅱ)配合物与calf thymus DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用. 实验证实ctDNA能显著增强TC-Zn(Ⅱ)配合物的荧光强度, 因此可以利用TC-Zn(Ⅱ)配合物进行ctDNA的定量测定. 在最佳实验条件下, 其线性范围为1.0×10-6～5.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限为5.0×10-7 mol/L. 并讨论了其结合机理.     

循环肿瘤DNA的检测:从数字化到测序

液体活检的主要检测对象——循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA)是人体血液循环系统中具有一定特征的(包括突变、缺失、插入、重排、拷贝数变异、甲基化等)来自肿瘤细胞基因组的DNA片段,其主要来源于凋亡或坏死的肿瘤细胞。ctDNA 的检测和分析能够提供肿瘤中的基因组信息,例如,基因组中的拷贝数变异、突变和甲基化富集等。相较于其他的肿瘤标志物,ctDNA相对稳定,提取技术相对成熟,与肿瘤的大小和发展具有一定的相关性,是一种新兴的、有前景的肿瘤生物标志物,在精准医疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用。不过ctDNA含量极低,背景游离DNA(cell free DNA, cfDNA)含量高,个体间差异大,且需要提前预判检测的位点和突变,因此,利用新方法和新技术对它进行全面检测分析是必不可少的。目前,针对 ctDNA 的检测方法和平台种类繁多,在此,我们总结了从数字PCR到下一代测序的ctDNA检测的研究进展,包括一些商业化的仪器和一些仍在实验室发展中的设备并对利用这些新兴技术分析检测ctDNA的发展趋势做了展望。     

烷基酚与DNA相互作用的荧光光谱法研究

用荧光光谱法研究了环境激素辛基酚(OP)、壬基酚(NP)与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用.实验发现,随着ctDNA的加入,辛基酚、壬基酚的荧光光谱产生了有规律地猝灭,且最大发射峰红移.其中荧光猝灭是由于形成了烷基酚-DNA加合物而引起的静态猝灭.辛基酚、壬基酚与ctDNA均以插嵌模式相互作用,其结合常数分别为5.1×105 L·mol-1 和1.4×106 L·mol-1 ,结合位点分别为1.31和1.45.热力学参数确定了辛基酚及壬基酚与ctDNA的作用力类型主要是疏水作用力.     

Cationic cyanine as a near-infrared fluorescent probe for the determination of nucleic acids

A new method with a cationic near-IR cyanine as fluorescent probe was developed for the determination of nucleic acids. The near-IR cyanine shows maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 765 and 790 nm, respectively, in aqueous solution. The method is based on the fluorescence decrease of near-IR cyanine in the presence of nucleic acids. Under optimal conditions, the ratio of fluorescence intensity in the absence and presence of nucleic acids was proportional to the concentration of ¶nucleic acids over the range 0.10–1.2 μg/mL for CT (calf thymus) DNA or SM (salmon sperm) DNA, and 0.10–¶1.6 μg/mL for yeast RNA. The detection limits were ¶30 ng/mL for CT DNA, 25 ng/mL for SM DNA and ¶70 ng/mL for yeast RNA. The relative standard deviation (n = 6) was 2.1% for 500 ng/mL CT DNA, 2.4% for ¶500 ng/mL SM DNA and 2.7% for 500 ng/mL yeast RNA, respectively.     

钙黄绿素荧光法测定痕量钇(Ⅲ)

研究了钙黄绿素荧光法测定Y(Ⅲ)。在pH 8.0的H3BO3-Na2B4O7缓冲溶液和表面活性剂Tween 80的存在下,痕量Y(Ⅲ)能与钙黄绿素反应形成配合物,使体系的荧光强度显著增加,体系的激发和发射波长分别为492和512nm,Y(Ⅲ)的质量浓度在0～2.0μg/mL范围内与△F成良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为:△F=3.2648+2.384ρ(μg/mL),相关系数r=0.9961,检出限为0.023μg/mL。方法用于乙酸铈中痕量钇(Ⅲ)的测定,测定结果与ICP-AES法相符,加标回收率在96.3%～103.0%之间。     

应用水相合成的CdTePCdS核壳型量子点荧光探针测定DNA

以巯基丙酸（HS-CH2CH2COOH）为稳定剂水相合成了核壳型CdTePCdS量子点（QDs）。CdTePCdSQDs具有宽而连续的激发光谱和狭窄对称的发射光谱,最大发射波长位于578nm。与DNA作用后荧光强度显著降低。基于DNA对量子点荧光的猝灭效应,将CdTePCdS量子点作为荧光探针建立了一种简便快速测定DNA的荧光分析法,详细研究了pH、量子点浓度、离子强度、温度等备件对量子点荧光及DNA测定的影响。该方法测定ctDNA线性范围为50．0—750．0ng／mL,检出限为20ng／mL．7次重复测定O．5ttg／mLctDNA的相对标准偏差为2．0％。方法可用于合成样品的测定。     

A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for quantification of bovine serum albumin

A 4-aminonaphthalimide-based ratiometric fluorescent probe 1 employing the internal charge transfer (ICT) mechanism was designed and synthesized to detect bovine serum albumin (BSA). The interaction of 1 and BSA was investigated by fluorescence and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Upon treatment with BSA, the probe successfully exhibited a ratiometric fluorescent response at 540 nm and 480 nm. The fluorescent intensity ratio at 540 nm and 480 nm (F(540)/F(480)) increases linearly with BSA concentration in the range of 0-75.0 μg mL(-1) and the detection limit was about 2.4 ng mL(-1). Our strategy is expected to provide a methodology to quantify BSA either by a normal or by a ratiometric and colorimetric way with high sensitivity.     

Cationic cyanine as a near-infrared fluorescent probe for the determination of nucleic acids

A new method with a cationic near-IR cyanine as fluorescent probe was developed for the determination of nucleic acids. The near-IR cyanine shows maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 765 and 790 nm, respectively, in aqueous solution. The method is based on the fluorescence decrease of near-IR cyanine in the presence of nucleic acids. Under optimal conditions, the ratio of fluorescence intensity in the absence and presence of nucleic acids was proportional to the concentration of nucleic acids over the range 0.10-1.2 microg/mL for CT (calf thymus) DNA or SM (salmon sperm) DNA, and 0.10-1.6 microg/mL for yeast RNA. The detection limits were 30 ng/mL for CT DNA, 25 ng/mL for SM DNA and 70 ng/mL for yeast RNA. The relative standard deviation (n = 6) was 2.1% for 500 ng/mL CT DNA, 2.4% for 500 ng/mL SM DNA and 2.7% for 500 ng/mL yeast RNA, respectively.     

荧光猝灭法测定痕量稀土镧(Ⅲ)

采用荧光光谱法研究9-(3,5-二溴)水杨基荧光酮(DBSAF)与La3+的荧光性质,并进行了机理探讨。结果表明,在表面活性剂SDS存在下,La3+与DBSAF生成络合物使DBSAF的荧光猝灭。体系激发波长和发射波长分别为520和560nm,DBSAF的荧光强度差值与La3+的含量在1.6～800μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.12μg/L。本方法用于铜合金试样中微量镧的测定,结果满意,并进行了加标回收实验。     

荧光光谱法测定饮料中氨基酸的含量

采用荧光分光光度法测定游离氨基酸。在pH=6.0的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,氨基酸与乙酰丙酮-甲醛体系反应,产生黄绿色荧光,试验了体系酸度、试剂加入次序及用量、反应温度、反应时间对体系荧光强度的影响。以丙氨酸为例进行试验,丙氨酸浓度与体系荧光强度在1.0~20.0μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.05μg/mL。     

Feasibility of Fluorescence Detection of Tetracycline in Media Mixtures Employing A Fiber Optic Probe

Abstract

This work assesses the feasibility of fluorescence detection of tetracycline in very optically dense mixtures of highly fluorescent media ingredients used in tetracycline production by fermentation. The fluorescence measurements are accomplished with a fiber optic probe. Seven different mixtures were examined in this study. Each one contained a nonfluorescent base of nutrients and salts along with one of the following media ingredients at 5 g/100 mL: cottonseed flour, corn gluten meal, soybean flour, distiller 's grains and solubles, corn steep liquor, brewer's yeast, and molasses. The concentration of tetracycline was varied in each mixture and fluorescence measurements were made at every concentration step. Excitation light of 390 nm was used to probe the samples, and emission spectra were obtained over the wavelength range from 400 to 600 nm. In most of the samples studied, the fluorescence intensity in the wavelength range corresponding to background media fluorescence (420–480 nm) decreased as the tetracycline concentration increased. The decreases in the short wavelength range might be explained by the absorption by tetracycline of 390 nm excitation light (in competition with absorption by the media) and/or by absorption of background media fluorescence by tetracycline. Frequently, the maximum emission of the mixtures shifted to longer wavelengths. The maximum approached that of tetracycline (approximately 520 nm). Plots of integrated fluorescence intensity, in the emission wavelength regions of 420-480 nm and 500-560 nm, versus tetracycline hydrochloride concentration reflect these shifts. We have found that the changes in fluorescence intensity in these two wavelength regions during tetracycline addition depend on the identity of the media component in the mixture. For corn meal, soybean, brewer's, and molasses media, the fluorescence in the short emission wavelength range decreases while that in the long region increases. In the case of distiller's and corn steep media, the fluorescence changes very little during tetracycline addition. Finally, in cottonseed medium, the fluorescence increases in both wavelength ranges. The data show that fluorescence can be used to detect tetracycline, at least qualitatively, in the presence of the highly fluorescent media ingredients.     

荧光光谱法研究PS分子链在不同溶剂中的荧光特性

利用荧光光谱法研究了溶剂和浓度对聚苯乙烯（PS）荧光特性的影响. 研究表明,PS在四氢呋喃溶液中的荧光发射波长为345 nm,其荧光强度达到最大时的饱和浓度为0.1 mg/mL;PS在甲苯溶液中的荧光发射波长为310 nm,其荧光强度达到最大时的饱和浓度为0.075 mg/mL. 造成这种现象的原因在于:四氢呋喃不具荧光性,不与PS分子链中的苯环发生相互作用,而甲苯溶剂自身具有苯环结构,PS和甲苯生色团荧光频率接近,同时PS分子链上苯环与甲苯上的苯环的间距非常小,相邻苯环上的π电子可以互相重叠,形成T型构造的苯环二聚体,使体系的荧光发射峰蓝移至310 nm. 另外,随着PS在溶液中浓度的增大,开始呈线性增加,当浓度大于饱和浓度C*后,随后其荧光强度呈现非线性下降,这主要是PS在溶剂中形成了二聚体.     

Anaphthalimide-based fluorescent probe for mercaptocontaining compounds

A polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe MNP was rationally designed and synthesized with naphthalimide as the fluorophore and maleimide as the receptor for thiols. MNP is weakly fluorescent due to the photoinduced electron-transfer(PET) from the fluorophore to the receptor, and it displays evidently solvatochromic UV–vis and fluorescence spectra: the emission shifted from 495 nm in n-hexane to545 nm in phosphate buffer solution. Michael addition reaction between thiols and the maleimide in MNP inhibited the PET process, which led to about eight-fold fluorescence enhancement. In addition,MNP showed highly sensitivity to mercapto-containing proteins and it could detect as low as 20.4 mg/m L of BSA in PBS. MNP has potential in fluorescent imaging of thiols in living cells.