Effect of Sodium Fluoride on the Rate of Sperm Deformity in Male Mice

为探讨氟化钠对雄性小鼠精子畸形的影响,选取50只成年雄性小鼠随机分为5组:氟化钠染毒高剂量组(34 mg/kg)、中剂量组(17 mg/kg)、低剂量组(8.5 mg/kg)、环磷酰胺阳性对照组( 50 mg/kg)、生理盐水空白对照组,采用经口灌胃染毒,1次/d,连续5d,于首次染毒后的第35天颈椎脱臼将小鼠处死,取睾丸和附睾称质量,计算脏器系数；同时取附睾制片,观察精子形态,计数小鼠精子畸形率.结果表明,氟化钠染毒各组睾丸、附睾脏器系数与空白对照组比较,差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05),染毒各组精子畸形率普遍高于空白对照组,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001),且随着染毒剂量的增加精子畸形率也有相应升高,呈现一定的剂量-反应关系(r=0.954,F=20.098,P＜0.05,R2=0.909).提示氟化钠能使雄性小鼠精子畸形率明显升高,具有一定的生殖毒性,能影响小鼠生殖功能,对小鼠生殖功能造成损害.     

氟化钠对雄性小鼠精子畸形的影响

为探讨氟化钠对雄性小鼠精子畸形的影响,选取50只成年雄性小鼠随机分为5组：氟化钠染毒高剂量组（34mg／kg）、中剂量组（17mg／kg）、低剂量组（8．5mg／kg）、环磷酰胺阳性对照组（50mg／kg）、生理盐水空白对照组,采用经口灌胃染毒,1次／d,连续5d,于首次染毒后的第35天颈椎脱臼将小鼠处死,取睾丸和附睾称质量,计算脏器系数;同时取附睾制片,观察精子形态,计数小鼠精子畸形率。结果表明,氟化钠染毒各组睾丸、附睾脏器系数与空白对照组比较,差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,染毒各组精子畸形率普遍高于空白对照组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．001）,且随着染毒剂量的增加精子畸形率也有相应升高,呈现一定的剂量一反应关系（r=0．954,F=20．098,P〈0．05,R^2=0．909）。提示氟化钠能使雄性小鼠精子畸形率明显升高,具有一定的生殖毒性,能影响小鼠生殖功能,对小鼠生殖功能造成损害。     

氟化钠对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响

为探讨氟化钠对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响,选取50只小鼠随机分为5组:氟化钠染毒高剂量组(34 mg/kg)、中剂量组(17 mg/kg)、低剂量组(8.5 mg/kg)、环磷酰胺阳性对照组(50 mg/kg)、生理盐水空白对照组,采用经口灌胃染毒,1 次/d,连续2 d,第3天处死小鼠取胸骨骨髓制片观察小鼠骨髓细胞微核...     

环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的时间、剂量-效应观察

为研究环磷酰胺(CP)诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的时间-效应关系和剂量-反应关系,给小鼠一次腹腔注射不同剂量(按体质量计)CP(0、30、60、90 mg/kg)后,于不同时间(给药后12、24、36、486、0 h)、不同部位(胸骨与股骨)取材来观察小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的变化。结果表明,高、中、低三个剂量组的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率与0 mg/kg组相比较,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),且4个剂量组之间两两比较也均有统计学意义(P<0.05),并表现出明显的剂量-反应关系;不同取样时间对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05),在36~48 h这个时间段能够观察到更高的微核率,通过线性回归的曲线拟合分析,以41 h取材最佳;胸骨取材与股骨取材之间的微核率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。环磷酰胺可作为诱导小鼠骨髓细胞微核的阳性对照,在一定范围内,具有剂量-反应关系和时间-效应关系。给小鼠一次腹腔注射量(按体质量计)60~90 mg/kg后36~48 h胸骨取材可取得较高微核率,结果满意。     

立得益片对铅中毒小鼠(生殖系统、脑、血液、心脏)促排铅的作用

研究了立得益片对铅中毒小鼠促排铅的作用。给小鼠腹腔注射醋酸铅溶液染毒 7d ,建立铅中毒模型后 ,灌胃给药不同剂量立得益片及阳性对照药物EDTA ,极谱法测定不同时间生殖系统、脑、血液、心脏中的铅含量 ,观察及统计立得益片对铅中毒小鼠上述各脏器的促排铅作用。结果表明 ,铅中毒小鼠给药 6、 1 3d后脑、心脏、血液中的铅含量明显下降 ,生殖系统中仅卵巢和子宫中的铅含量在给药 1 3d后 ,立得益片高剂量组与模型对照组有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1 )。提示立得益片对铅中毒小鼠血液及脏器有明显促排铅作用 ,降低机体的铅负荷且存在时效、量效关系     

菀葆牌硒蜜康对酒精性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

为研究菀葆牌硒蜜康对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用,将动物随机分成溶剂对照组、溶剂模型组、蜂蜜对照组、蜂蜜模型组及低、中、高3个样品剂量组,共7组,每组10只,3个样品剂量组每天给予硒蜜康1667、3333、6667mg／（kg·d）,连续给予小鼠灌胃30d后,模型对照组和样品剂量组最后一次给予受试物后20min,按体质量计一次灌胃给予50％乙醇10mL／kg,对照组给双蒸水,禁食12h后处死,取动物肝脏,测定肝匀浆液MDA、GSH、TG含量;肝脏冰冻切片,进行病理组织学检查。结果表明,与蜂蜜模型组比较,中、低剂量组的GSH含量升高,各剂量组的TG含量降低,各剂量组冰冻病理学组织切片观察到脂肪变性评分低于模型对照组,差异均有显著性。可见菀葆牌硒蜜康对酒精性肝损伤具有辅助保护作用。     

EDCI/DMAP存在下7-乙基喜树碱与乙酰水杨酸的反应

以EDCI为脱水剂,DMAP为催化剂,对7-乙基喜树碱与乙酰水杨酸的酯化反应进行了研究。经硅胶柱层析纯化和波谱结构鉴定,所得产物并非预期的酯化产物——20(S)-O-乙酰水杨酸-7-乙基喜树碱酯(2),而是20(S)-O-乙酸-7-乙基喜树碱酯(3)。推测在此条件下7-乙基喜树碱优先与乙酰水杨酸的酯基之间发生了酯交换反应,通过反应机理对上述反应结果进行了解释。化合物3在8 mg·kg-1剂量腹腔给药,对小鼠肉瘤S180较弱抑瘤活性。     

键合紫杉醇纳米胶束对H22肝癌小鼠的体内疗效评估

以H22肝癌的balb/c荷瘤小鼠为动物模型,考察了紫杉醇纳米胶束、紫杉醇注射液和生理盐水对小鼠肿瘤的抑制效果。 紫杉醇注射液组、紫杉醇纳米胶束低剂量组和紫杉醇纳米胶束高剂量组在给药后10 d的肿瘤相对体积抑制率分别为22%、49%和67%,瘤重抑制率分别为29%、45%和47%;蛋白表达检测结果显示,紫杉醇纳米胶束组呈现p53的高表达和bcl-2的低表达,说明紫杉醇纳米胶束对小鼠H22肝癌的抑制作用强于紫杉醇注射液。     

低剂量硝酸镧对小鼠肾脏自由基防御机能的影响

通过采用肾组织匀浆生化测定法, 观察不同剂量硝酸镧灌胃一个月后, 小鼠肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)含量的变化, 探讨了低剂量硝酸镧的抗氧化作用; 结果表明 雌性、雄性小鼠20.0, 10.0 mg*kg-1 Cu-ZnSOD和CAT的含量均较对照组明显降低; 而GSH-Px和LPO的含量均较对照组显著升高. 雌性、雄性小鼠0.1, 0.2, 2.0 mg*kg-1组Cu-ZnSOD, CAT, GSH-Px和LPO的含量与对照组无显著性差异. 较高剂量(20.0, 10.0 mg*kg-1)的硝酸镧的直接损伤可使小鼠肾脏脂质过氧化反应增强, 清除自由基的能力下降. 较低剂量(0.1, 0.2, 2.0 mg*kg-1)的硝酸镧对小鼠肾脏自由基的生成和清除无影响.     

~(125)Ⅰ内照射的小鼠血清中5种微量元素水平变化

对小鼠灌喂含125Ⅰ放射性物质,建立放射性内照射模型,应用原子吸收光谱法测定了低、中、高辐射源剂量组及对照组小鼠血清中Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn的含量。结果表明,采用辐射源灌喂的小鼠血清中5种微量元素含量均低于没有灌喂辐射源的对照组,5种微量元素的含量随着辐射剂量的增加而降低。结果提示,通过科学膳食补充人体必需微量元素,对于积极防御辐射对机体健康产生的危害极为重要。     

Formation and structure of cubic particles of sodium magnesium fluoride (neighborite)

Uniform cubic particles of neighborite (NaMgF3) were prepared by mixing solutions of magnesium chloride and sodium fluoride, followed by aging for extended periods of time (up to 3 h). Such particles could be obtained directly either by using sodium fluoride in sufficient excess, or by first producing spherical particles of magnesium fluoride and converting them into neighborite cubes by admixing sodium fluoride. It was shown that both MgF2 and NaMgF3 particles so prepared are polycrystalline and that in both procedures to form neighborite a two stage reaction takes place. In the first stage nanosize subunits of MgF2 are formed, which are subsequently converted in the presence of excess sodium fluoride to neighborite crystallites. The latter are then reorganized into larger subunits that constitute colloidal cubes.     

Verfolgung der Verbrennungsreaktionen exothermer Massen auf Basis von Aluminium,Fluoriden und Kaliumnitrat mit Differentialthermoanalyse

DTA was applied to investigate the course of combustion of exothermic mixtures composed of aluminium, fluorides and potassium nitrate, and the results obtained were compared with the simultaneous results of X-ray investigations. The combustion of exothermic mixtures composed of aluminium, fluorides and potassium nitrate is similar to the combustion of mixtures where the potassium nitrate is substituted by sodium nitrate. Two exothermic reactions occur: between 400 and 520?, and between 800 and 1130?, in mixtures with sodium fluoride and between 450? and 650? and 850 and 1130? in mixtures with calcium fluoride. The reaction in the lower temperature range initiates the combustion of the mixture. In sodium fluoride mixtures this reaction takes place at lower temperature and seems to be more intense, since these mixtures inflame earlier than those with calcium fluoride. The reaction in the higher temperature range, which occurs at approximately the same temperature in the two cases, liberates the main part of the useful heat of the exothermic mixtures.     

New insights into structural alteration of enamel apatite induced by citric acid and sodium fluoride solutions

Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and complementary scanning electron microscopy were applied to analyze the surface structure of enamel apatite exposed to citric acid and to investigate the protective potential of fluorine-containing reagents against citric acid-induced erosion. Enamel and, for comparison, geological hydroxylapatite samples were treated with aqueous solutions of citric acid and sodium fluoride of different concentrations, ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mol/L for citric acid solutions and from 0.5 to 2.0% for fluoride solutions. The two solutions were applied either simultaneously or consecutively. The citric acid-induced structural modification of apatite increases with the increase in the citric acid concentration and the number of treatments. The application of sodium fluoride alone does not suppress the atomic level changes in apatite exposed to acidic agents. The addition of sodium fluoride to citric acid solutions leads to formation of surface CaF2 and considerably reduces the changes in the apatite P-O-Ca framework. However, the CaF2 globules deposited on the enamel surface seem to be insufficient to prevent the alteration of the apatite structure upon further exposure to acidic agents. No evidence for fluorine-induced recovery of the apatite structure was found.     

Determination of fluoride in zinc concentrates, processing products and solutions with an ion-specific electrode

Determination of fluoride in hydrometallurgical zinc-plant processing products and solutions with a fluoride-ion electrode is described. Various types of buffers were tested, to find a suitable common buffer for use in analysis of all types of substances generated at the zinc plant. The method involves decomposition of samples either by fusion with sodium hydroxide or by leaching with perchloric acid to bring fluoride into solution. The fluoride concentration is measured directly with a fluoride-specific electrode. In standard addition tests 100% recovery was obtained when a citric acid/sodium nitrate buffer was used. Validation tests gave satisfactory results.     

Direct determination of fluoride in aluminium reduction materials by using an ion-selective electrode

Macro amounts of fluoride in aluminium reduction materials are successfully determined with a fluoride electrode. Except for anhydrous aluminium fluoride, which requires fusion with sodium hydroxide, samples are dissolved in aqueous media. Cryolite and sodium fluorosilicatc are dissolved in boiling sodium hydroxide solution. Other materials containing fluoride, such as fluorspar and the reduction cell bath and pot-lining, require dissolution in a hydrochloric acid solution of aluminium chloride. Potential interference from large amounts of aluminium (and calcium, if present) is eliminated and pH control attained by using ammoniacal sulphosalicylate (and EDTA). The procedures are reasonably rapid. Relative errors of less than 2% and a relative standard deviation of 1% are achieved.     

A New Method for the Preparation of Sulphuryl Chloro Fluoride

It has been observed that a suspension of sodium fluoride in boiling acetonitrile could be used for the preparation of fluorine compounds such as silicon tetrafluoride [1], thiophosphoryl fluoride [2], sulphur tetrafluoride [3,4], and fluorocyclophosphazenes [5]. This method, when adopted for the fluorination of sulphuryl chloride [6], it is observed that a mixture of sulphuryl fluoride and sulphuryl chloro fluoride is obtained. On the other hand, when lead fluoride is substituted for sodium fluoride, pure sulphuryl chloro fluoride is evolved. Based on this observation, a new method has been standardised for the preparation of a pure sample of sulphuryl chlorofluoride by fluorinating sulphuryl chloride by lead fluoride in acetonitrile medium.     

Isolation of niobium,tantalum, and titanium complex fluoride salts with alkali metal cations

Fluoride and oxofluoride salts of niobium, tantalum, and titanium were isolated. They precipitated from aqueous solutions and upon washing of organic extracts with aqueous solutions of ammonium, potassium, and sodium salts. The compositions of the isolated compounds were studied. Different compositions were established for the niobium salts that precipitated upon the dissolution of unwashed niobium hydroxide in hydrofluoric acid under the atmospheric pressure, in an autoclave, and upon addition of sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts to purely fluoride solutions of niobium, as well as for the tantalum ammonium and sodium salts isolated from aqueous and organic solutions. The data obtained can be used for the synthesis of niobium, tantalum, and titanium complex fluoride salts with various compositions.     

Biochemical and histological studies on the effect of sodium fluoride on rat kidney collagen

The present study was carried out to study the effect of acute doses of sodium fluoride on the collagen content of the rat kidneys. Five groups of rats were studied: (i) control rats and (ii) rats divided into four subgroups according to the dose of NaF. Results showed that higher doses of sodium fluoride 10, 20 and 30 mg of NaF/kg body weight caused a significant decrease in the collagen content of the kidneys when compared to the control rats. Electron microscope studies supported these results and showed the sodium fluoride doses 10, 20 and 30 mg of NaF/kg body weight caused disruption of ordered collagen fibrils of the rat kidneys.