碳苷研究 Ⅱ.卤代酰化呋喃核糖及阿拉伯糖与取代芳基溴化镁的反应

本文探讨了1-氯-2,3,5-三(O-苯甲酰)-α-D-呋喃核糖及1-溴-2,3,5-三(O-苯甲酰)-α-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖与取代芳基溴化镁的反应。反应产物经旋转薄层层析,用环己烷-乙醚梯度洗脱,成功地分离了端基异构体,得碳苷类化合物三十二个,通过~1HNMR指定了它们的构型。结果表明,格氏试剂苯环上的取代基对上述两系列糖基化反应所生成的端基异构产物的相对比例有一致的影响。当苯环上的取代基仅显示电性效应时,产物中α-异构体占优势;当苯环上的取代基既显示电性效应又显示位阻效应时,产物中α-异构体的相对比例下降;当苯环上的取代基的位阻效应足够大时,产物中β-异构体占优势。     

Dane盐-甲亚胺法合成单环β-内酰胺的研究

用Dane盐与不同取代的二苯甲亚胺环合, 制备了11种未见报道的α-酰氨基-β-内酰胺, 研究了二苯甲亚胺的取代基对成环反应的影响; 用逐步回归分析方法建立了环合反应收率与二苯甲亚胺上取代基的取代常数之间的相关关系. 研究表明,环合收率与二苯甲亚胺上取代基的电性效应常数σ值呈负的线性关系, 与甲亚胺的pKa值呈正的线性关系. 利用取代基的σ值和甲亚胺的pKa值可以预测同系列化合物成环反应活性的相对高低.     

Dane盐-甲亚胺法合成单环β-内酰胺的研究

用Dane盐与不同取代的二苯甲亚胺环合,制备了11种未见报道的α-酰氨基-β-内酰胺,研究了二苯甲亚胺的取代基对成环反应的影响;用逐步回归分析方法建立了环合反应收率与二苯甲亚胺上取代基的取代常数之间的相关关系。研究表明,环合收率与二苯甲亚胺上取代基的电性效应常数σ值呈负的线性关系,与甲亚胺的 pK(?)值呈正的线性关系。利用取代基的σ值和甲亚胺的pK(?)值可以预测同系列化合物成环反应活性的相对高低。     

2-氨基-5-硫代-噻二唑啉-β-D-核呋喃糖苷的合成

2-氨基-5-硫代-1,3,4-噻二唑啉和1-O-乙酰-2,3,5-三-O-苯甲酰核呋喃糖通过熔融缩合和Vorbruggen缩合, 所得两个产物经^1H, ^1^3C NMR, 质谱以及X射线结晶学分析, 鉴定为位置异构体2-亚氨基-5-硫代-1,2,4-噻二唑啉-3-β-D-核呋喃糖苷和2-氨基-5-硫代-1,3,4-噻二唑啉-4-β-D-核呋喃糖苷。     

内醚糖的研究Ⅵ.2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-D-来苏糖甲基甙

自 D-阿拉伯糖经以下五步反应合成了2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-D-来苏糖甲基甙 (Ⅵ):D-阿拉伯糖(Ⅰ)→D-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅱ,α-和β-端基差向异构体混合物)→2,3,5-三-O-对甲苯磺酰基-α-D-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅲ)→2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-5-去羟-5-碘代-α-D-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅳ)→2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-5-去羟-α-阿拉伯糖甲基甙(Ⅴ)→2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-D-来苏糖甲基甙(Ⅵ)。最后产物(内醚糖)的结构是根据第三报中所提出的证据肯定的。     

碳苷合成研究——3-β-D-吡喃木糖基-1,2,4-氧杂二唑类化合物的合成

本文研究了1-(2,3,4-三-O-苯甲酰-β-D-吡喃木糖基)-偕氨基肟与酸酐及酰氯的缩合反应,探讨了不同缩合剂、不同取代基对环合反应的影响,与酸酐反应可以一步完成,且收率较好;与酰氯反应分两步进行,第一步酰化,第二步脱水环合,芳环上取代基的电性效应,决定环合反应的难易,并证明了该环系的碳苷对酸、碱、热具有化学稳定性,本文合成了12个氧杂二唑类木糖碳苷及2个木糖基化的开环产物,通过光谱及元素分析,确定了它们的结构。     

合成奈拉滨C-1位α-异构体的新方法

报道了一种合成奈拉滨C-1位α-异构体——2-氨基-6-甲氧基-9-α-D-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖基-9H-嘌呤(7α)的新方法。以D-阿拉伯糖为原料,经醚化,乙酰化和取代3步反应制得中间体1,2,3,5-O-四乙酰基-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷(4);4与甲氧基修饰的嘌呤经Vorbrüggen偶联反应后脱保护基合成了7α,其结构经1H NMR确证。     

O,O-二乙基亚磷酰基异氰酸酯与亚苄基苯胺的反应研究

O,O-二乙基亚磷酰基异氰酸酯与亚苄基苯胺反应,当亚苄基苯胺分子中苯环上具有邻位取代基时,产物不是稳定的1,3,4-二氮磷杂环戊烷衍生物,却是α-(O,O-二乙基)膦酰基苄基苯胺.这可能是由于邻位取代基的立体效应阻碍了环加成反应,且中间体水解之故.所得化合物均经元素分析、IR、H、N、AF及MS谱证实.     

合成α-溴代桂皮酰胺类化合物的新方法

α,β-二溴苯丙酰氯与小分子有机胺反应可形成一对α-溴代桂皮酰胺的顺、反几何异构体。但其顺、反异构体的含量受胺摩尔比的影响。另外,苯环上取代基及反应介质也有一定影响。利用这种方法合成和制备薄层层析,分离得到间氯-α-溴代桂皮酰另丁胺、对溴-α-溴代桂皮酰异丙胺等八对几何异构体。     

~(13)C-NMR谱的化学位移与芳烃亲电取代定位效应

在芳烃亲电取代反应中,取代基的定位效应问题是有机化学工作者所普遍关心的。从本世纪初期就开始研究苯环上取代基对芳烃亲电取代反应的影响因素。根据亲电取代反应中取代产物的比例关系,归纳出苯环上不同取代基定位能力的相对强弱序列。此序列定性地解释了许多简单的芳烃亲电取代反应的事     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.