Effect of magnetic and boundary parameters on flow characteristics analysis of micropolar ferrofluid through the shrinking sheet with effective thermal conductivity

Ferrofluids have many applications in mechanical and electrical engineering. In this paper, characteristics of ferrofluid over a shrinking sheet with effective thermal conductivity model are studied by the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Akbari-Ganji's method (AGM). Also, the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been applied for numerical solution. The governing equations formulated by the Tiwari-Das model. It is supposed that base fluid and nanoparticles are water and Fe₃O₄respectively. Effect of related parameters of micro-rotation velocity and dimensionless velocity have taken for suction and injection of mass transfer parameter. Results show that the magnetic and boundary parameters, in contrast to the micro-rotation parameter, have the same impact on velocity. Moreover, a comparison has been made between the results of this study with other researchers shows the impressive accuracy and efficiency of these methods.     

Phase transitions of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion induced with ultrasound: A mathematical model

While ultrasound has been used in many medical and industrial applications, only recently has research been done on phase transformations induced by ultrasound. This paper presents a numerical model and the predicted results of the phase transformation of a spherical nanosized droplet of perfluorocarbon in water. Such a model has applications in acoustic droplet vaporization, the generation of gas bubbles for medical imaging, therapeutic delivery and other biomedical applications.The formation of a gas phase and the subsequent bubble dynamics were studied as a function of acoustic parameters, such as frequency and amplitude, and of the physical aspects of the perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, such as chemical species, temperature, droplet size and interfacial energy. The model involves simultaneous applications of mass, energy and momentum balances to describe bubble formation and collapse, and was developed and solved numerically. It was found that, all other parameters being constant, the maximum bubble size and collapse velocity increases with increasing ultrasound amplitude, droplet size, vapor pressure and temperature. The bubble size and collapse velocity decreased with increasing surface tension and frequency. These results correlate with experimental observations of acoustic droplet vaporization.     

垂直上升管中油水两相流流型辨识

基于运动波理论本文建立了垂直上升管中油水两相流运动波传播方程,计算得到了管内无仪器插入体情况下油水两相流运动波传播速度特性曲线,根据曲线特征确定了油水两相流过渡流型存在于持水率大于0.25并小于0.5区间,应用该流型辨识准则对Govier等实验观察到的油水两相流流型试验点进行了辨识,取得了较好对比效果。此外还使用Flores等击碎聚合机理性模型验证了本文的辨识流型图,并与之结合产生了更加细化的合成流型图。     

Centrifugal instability in rotating shallow water and the problem of the spiral structure in galaxies

A new instability predicte by theory to occur in rotating shallow water in which the rotation velocity has a discontinuity, in a regime where the flow velocity exceeds the characteristics velocity of the waves, has been found experimentally. The instability develops when the radial gradient of the angular velocity across the discontinuity is negative; such an instability is likely to be responsible for the formation of the spiral structure in galaxies which have a similar rotational velocity profile.     

水平管道中段塞流的跟踪模拟

本文对以unit cell模型为基础建立起来的段塞流跟踪模型进行了改进。利用改进后的模型对水平管道中空气-水段塞流的压降、液塞平移速度、液塞长度等特征参数进行了模拟研究,并将模型预测结果与相应的试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,改进后的模型可以有效地预测以上各参数的演变规律。模拟和试验结果均表明,水平管道中段塞流的液塞平移速度符合正态分布,液塞长度符合对数正态分布。     

激光重熔对Al-Si合金快速凝固共晶生长的数值模拟

本文通过数值模拟,计算出Al-Si合金共晶共生区,达到对实际加工中激光处理参数的优化。数学模型从计算物体表面温度场三维分布入手,考虑到激光空间Gaus分布特性,得到物体表面温度梯度分布;同时结合枝晶分布KGT模型以及共晶分布经修正的TMK模型,计算了微观结构的共晶生长的范围,得到一个完整的从激光重熔到共晶生长的计算模型。     

Mass transpiration on Newtonian flow over a porous stretching/shrinking sheet with slip

The motivation behind this article is to research the Newtonian liquid flow porous stretching/shrinking sheet utilizing a Brinkman model. The leading system of non-linear partial differential equations relating the article is mapped to standard ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. Exact result is obtained for velocity. The effects of the Brinkman number or viscosity ratio, slip parameter, Darcy number, suction/injection (mass transpiration) parameter and the mass suction parameter on the velocity dispersion are introduced graphically and talked about. The outcomes have conceivable innovative applications in extrusion process and such other unified zones and in the fluid based frameworks including stretchable materials. Examination of fluid flow past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet embedded in a non-Darcy permeable medium has been performed for a wide scope of various parameters. Exact solution has been obtained.     

Studies on intermolecular interaction on binary mixtures of methyl orange-water system: excess molar functions of ultrasonic parameters at different concentrations and at different temperatures

Density (ρ), viscosity (η) and ultrasonic velocity (u) of binary mixtures of methyl orange and water were measured at different concentrations and at different temperatures; several useful parameters such as excess volume, excess velocity, and excess adiabatic compressibility have been calculated. These parameters are used to explain the nature of intermolecular interactions taking place in the binary mixture. The above study is helpful in understanding the dye/solvent interaction at different concentration and temperatures.     

相控阵多普勒计程仪声基阵输出信号模型

相控阵多普勒计程仪具有基阵体积小，无需进行声速补偿等优点。本文在讨论相控阵多普勒计程仪原理的基础上，推导了速度解算公式，验证出公式与声速无关，进而推导出声基阵的输出信号模型，利用此模型便可模拟相控阵的输出信号。     

基于混合气体分子复合弛豫模型的一氧化碳浓度检测算法

研究了声波通过混合气体时,复合弛豫声吸收和声速与气体各成分浓度和声频率之间的依赖关系.以一氧化碳气体、水蒸气、氮气和氧气的混合气体为例,分别建立了弛豫声吸收和声速与气体浓度的三维模型,以及弛豫声吸收与声频率的二维模型.完成了通过测量弛豫声吸收和声速计算一氧化碳气体浓度的算法推导,提出了一种依据弛豫声吸收和声速检测气体浓度的简化算法.仿真实验结果不仅证明了算法的理论可行性,还给出了算法的最佳适用声频率范围,并估计了将算法应用于实验的误差原因,证明了算法具有实际可行性. 关键词： 气体浓度声学检测 一氧化碳浓度检测 复合弛豫声吸收 声速     

The plasma burst process in laser-induced films damage

In past investigations on the interaction of laser and optical films, research was not widely performed on the process after the burst of the films’ material. Based on a centrosymmetric burst model of a plasma droplet, combined with ionization and absorption, the conditions that the ejected droplet’s thermodynamic parameters change with time have been investigated. When the burst starting time is appropriate, research has shown that the droplets’ parameters, such as expansion velocity and acceleration, cracking velocity and acceleration, temperature, and radius will reach their maximums. An earlier or later time does not increase the intensity of the droplet’s burst. This conclusion has great significance in investigations of laser-induced films damage.     

冲击载荷下混凝土本构模型构建研究

 在对混凝土动态力学性能和现有本构模型综合分析的基础上,构建了一个新的适用于冲击响应问题数值分析的混凝土本构模型。该本构模型全面考虑了压力、应力第三不变量、变形的硬化和软化、应变率强化以及拉伸损伤等各个影响因素。将其加入LTZ-2D程序,确定了本构模型参数,对混凝土靶板的穿透问题进行了数值验证分析。计算得到的弹体剩余速度同实验结果基本一致,同时得到了混凝土靶板破裂的计算图像。计算结果及其分析表明,所构建的本构模型能够较好地反映冲击载荷作用下混凝土动态响应的主要特性。     

On mechanism of peristaltic flows for power-law fluids

This paper presents a mathematical model for flow induced by peristaltic waves through a deformable tube. An incompressible power-law fluid is considered. The two dimensional model is formulated based upon the fundamental equation of mass conservation and momentum. Exact analytical solutions have been derived for the stream function, axial velocity and pressure gradient which is the main goal of this work. Moreover, pressure rise per wavelength has been evaluated numerically. The present analysis has been performed under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The effects of various physical parameters are also discussed through graphs.     

C-ADS超导轮辐腔Spoke021的电磁设计与优化

为满足C-ADS项目建设对超导轮辐腔Spoke021的需求,对Spoke021进行了详细的电磁参数优化。对Spoke021的参数化模型进行参数扫描,针对腔体的关键电磁特征量寻找可能存在的极值,详细分析、解释了优化过程中各个参数发生变化的物理意义。在Spoke021各参数达到最终优化值时,表征腔体性能的两个关键比值分别为:E_p/E_(acc)=3.14,Bp/E_(aCC)=4.77 mT/(MV/m)。考虑到次级电子倍增(Multipacting,MP)对Spoke021运行中所能达到的性能指标有很重要影响,对腔体的MP进行了建模分析。结果表明,当Spoke021工作在E_(acc)=10 MV/m情况下,没有发生MP,优化得到的参数可以满足Spoke021工程设计的需要;最后计算了腔体的TTF曲线,表明该腔体具有较宽的速度接受度。     

Modeling the propagation of electromagnetic waves over the surface of the human body

The results of modeling and an experimental study of electromagnetic (EM) waves in microwave range propagating along the surface of the human body have been presented. The parameters of wave propagation, such as the attenuation and phase velocity, have also been investigated. The calculation of the propagation of EM waves by the numerical method FDTD (finite difference time domain), as well as the use of the analytical model of the propagation of the EM wave along flat and curved surfaces has been fulfilled. An experimental study on a human body has been conducted. It has been shown that creeping waves are slow and exhibit a noticeable dispersion, while the surface waves are dispersionless and propagate at the speed of light in free space. A comparison of the results of numerical simulation, analytical calculation, and experimental investigations at a frequency of 2.55 GHz has been carried out.     

关于自由面速度剖面解读层裂问题的几点商榷

 基于对层裂问题的理解和相关文献,就自由面速度剖面解读层裂问题的局限性提出了一些看法。指出：自由面速度剖面测量给出的层裂破坏过程是间接信息,而不是直接信息,用它确定的理论模型和数值模拟参数,也许并没有真实地反映层裂过程的物理本质;层裂强度常被人们用来表征材料在高应变率下的抗拉伸能力,但是在目前的层裂强度计算公式中没有考虑损伤介质对波剖面传播的影响,使得计算结果明显偏低;传统的单点测量得到的结果有很大的局限性,对于层裂问题,采用概率评估或者置信度评估,也许更符合真实情况。建议：为了全面真实地评价层裂问题中的物理、力学过程,应该加快发展更多的实验探测和诊断技术,尤其是对内部损伤状态的观测。     

一种新型的光控光导半导体开关解析模型

建立了一个新型的光控光导半导体开关（简称光导开关）解析模型,该模型通过拉氏变换求解了连续性方程,考虑了载流子的表面复合和体复合效应、载流子输运过程中的载流五－载流子散射效应和漂移速度的负微分效应、光作用过程的丹倍效应和光的反射、光强随深度的衰减效应。计算了光导开关的几个重要参考并获得了开关电流和输出电压等的波形,。计算表明光电导的关系在所谓的“线性模式”下并非是严格线性的。最后将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,两者相符较好。     

Continuum modeling for two-lane traffic flow with consideration of the traffic interruption probability

Considering the effects that the probability of traffic interruption and the friction between two lanes have on the car-following behaviour,this paper establishes a new two-lane microscopic car-following model.Based on this microscopic model,a new macroscopic model was deduced by the relevance relation of microscopic and macroscopic scale parameters for the two-lane traffic flow.Terms related to lane change are added into the continuity equations and velocity dynamic equations to investigate the lane change rate.Numerical results verify that the proposed model can be efficiently used to reflect the effect of the probability of traffic interruption on the shock,rarefaction wave and lane change behaviour on two-lane freeways.The model has also been applied in reproducing some complex traffic phenomena caused by traffic accident interruption.     

Evaluation of diffusion models of fiber tracts using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging

Modeling of water diffusion in white matter is useful for revealing microstructure of the brain tissue and hence diagnosis and evaluation of white matter diseases. Researchers have modeled diffusion in white matter using mathematical and mechanical analysis at the cellular level. However, less work has been devoted to evaluate these models using macroscopic real data such as diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) data. DTMRI is a noninvasive tool for evaluating white matter microstructure by measuring random motion of water molecules referred to as diffusion. It reflects directional information of microscopic structures such as fibers. Thus, it is applicable for evaluation and modification of mathematical models of white matter. Nevertheless, a realistic relation between a fiber model and imaging data does not exist. This work opens a promising avenue for relating DTMRI data to microstructural parameters of white matter. First, we propose a strategy for relating DTMRI and fiber model parameters to evaluate mathematical models in light of real data. The proposed strategy is then applied to evaluate and extend an existing model of white matter based on clinically available DTMRI data. Next, the proposed strategy is used to estimate microstructural characteristics of fiber tracts. We illustrate this approach through its application to approximation of myelin sheath thickness and fraction of volume occupied by fibers. Using sufficiently small imaging voxels, the proposed approach is capable of estimating model parameters with desirable precision.