Partially commutative metabelian groups: centralizers and elementary equivalence

For partially commutative metabelian groups, annihilators of elements of commutator subgroups are described; canonical representations of elements are defined; approximability by torsion-free nilpotent groups is proved; centralizers of elements are described. Also, it is proved that two partially commutative metabelian groups have equal elementary theories iff their defining graphs are isomorphic, and that every partially commutative metabelian group is embeddable in a metabelian group with decidable universal theory. Dedicated to V. N. Remeslennikov on the occasion of his 70th birthday Supported by RFBR (project No. 09-01-00099). Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 309–341, May–June, 2009.     

Hybrid kinetic/fluid models for nonequilibrium systems

Our purpose is to derive a model describing the evolution of particles at various scales following their kinetic energy. Fast particles will be described through a collisional kinetic equation of Boltzmann-BGK type. This equation will be coupled with a fluid model (Euler equations) that describes the evolution of slower particles. The main interest of this approach is to reduce the cost of numerical simulations. To cite this article: N. Crouseilles et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).     

A uniqueness result for a nonlinear hyperbolic equation

Summary We prove the uniqueness of the solution of a Cauchy problem for a nonlinear and non-local hyperbolic equation, which arises in a model of the dynamic of cardiac muscle.The authors were supported by G.N.A.F.A., G.N.I.M. and I.A.N. of C.N.R. and by M.P.I.     

Dérivation de modèles couplés dérive-diffusion/cinétique par une méthode de décomposition en vitesseDerivation of a kinetic/drift-diffusion model describing fast and slow particles

Our purpose is to derive a model describing the evolution of charged particles in a plasma, at various scales following their kinetic energy. Fast particles will be described through a collisional kinetic equation of Boltzmann type. This equation will be coupled with a drift-diffusion model that describes the evolution of slower particles. The main interest of this approach is to reduce the cost of numerical simulations. This gain is due to the use of a macroscopic model for slow particles instead of a kinetic model for all the particles, which would involve a larger number of variables. To cite this article: N. Crouseilles, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 827–832.     

Peristaltic Wave Locomotion and Shape Morphing with a Millipede Inspired System

We present the mechanical model of a bio-inspired deformable system, modeled as a Timoshenko beam, which is coupled to a substrate by a system of distributed elements. The locomotion action is inspired by the coordinated motion of coupling elements that mimic the legs of millipedes and centipedes, whose leg-to-ground contact can be described as a peristaltic displacement wave. The multi-legged structure is crucial in providing redundancy and robustness in the interaction with unstructured environments and terrains. A Lagrangian approach is used to derive the governing equations of the system that couple locomotion and shape morphing. Features and limitations of the model are illustrated with numerical simulations.     

Influence of geometric properties of space on the convergence of Cauchy's method in the best-approximation problem

The reciprocity of certain geometrical properties of finite-dimensional Banach space is established. The role of these properties in the construction of best-approximation elements by Cauchy's method is investigated.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 329–338, September, 1970.The author wishes to thank N. I. Cherni for his valuable advice.     

Adaptive numerical solution of thick plates using first‐order shear deformation theory. Part II: Adaptivity

This is the second in a pair of articles concerned with the adaptive finite element solution of Riessner‐Mindlin thick plates modeled using first‐order shear deformation theory. This article is concerned with enhancing the a posteriori energy‐error estimators developed in Part I in order to accomodate transition elements in the finite element mesh. The resulting estimators are then used in an adaptive finite element model employing transition elements and the subsequent results discussed and compared with those in Part I. A major part of the article is devoted to identifying a novel patch assembly node algorithm for using the ZZ recovery‐type estimator with transition elements. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 227–253, 2003.     

A Lagrangian stochastic model for nonpassive particle diffusion in turbulent flows

In this paper, we present a Lagrangian stochastic model for heavy particle dispersion in turbulence. The model includes the equation of motion for a heavy particle and a stochastic approach to predicting the velocity of fluid elements along the heavy particle trajectory. The trajectory crossing effect of heavy particles is described by using an Ito type stochastic differential equation combined with a fractional Langevin equation. The comparison of the predicted dispersion of four heavy particles with the observations shows that the model is potentially useful but requires further development.     

The Jackson Inequality for the Best L2-Approximation of Functions on [0, 1] with the Weight x

Let L^2（[0, 1], x） be the space of the real valued, measurable, square summable functions on [0, 1] with weight x, and let n be the subspace of L2（[0, 1], x） defined by a linear combination of Jo（μkX）, where Jo is the Bessel function of order 0 and {μk} is the strictly increasing sequence of all positive zeros of Jo. For f ∈ L^2（[0, 1], x）, let E（f, n） be the error of the best L2（[0, 1], x）, i.e., approximation of f by elements of n. The shift operator off at point x ∈[0, 1] with step t ∈[0, 1] is defined by T（t）f（x）=1/π∫0^π f（√x^2 ＋t^2-2xtcosO）dθ The differences （I- T（t））^r/2f = ∑j=0^∞（-1）^j（j^r/2）T^j（t）f of order r ∈ （0, ∞） and the L^2（[0, 1],x）- modulus of continuity ωr（f,τ） = sup{｜｜（I- T（t））^r/2f｜｜：0≤ t ≤τ] of order r are defined in the standard way, where T^0（t） = I is the identity operator. In this paper, we establish the sharp Jackson inequality between E（f, n） and ωr（f, τ） for some cases of r and τ. More precisely, we will find the smallest constant n（τ, r） which depends only on n, r, and % such that the inequality E（f, n）≤ n（τ, r）ωr（f, τ） is valid.     

带有发病年龄的HIV/AIDS传播的数学建模及分析

所建的模型是用含有常微分方程和偏微分方程的方程组来描述的,考虑了垂直感染,发病年龄,AIDS病人有希望恢复到潜伏期以及不同患者接受治疗的能力不同等诸多因素.利用导出的方程,直接推出:当AIDS引起死亡率增加时,社会总人口衰减.利用泛函分析方法和有界线性算子半群理论分析了系统的适定性,并证明了系统方程存在正解.     

面向混频数据的时滞GM(1,N)模型

采样频率不同、间距不等的混频数据背景下,考虑时滞是系统要素间因果作用的常见现象,提出含时滞参数的混频GM(1,N)建模方法。根据时滞特征不同,将模型划分为两类:同步推移型时滞GM(1,N)模型和累积型时滞GM(1,N)模型。同步推移型用于表征时滞长度固定但起始时间不确定、具有管道延迟性质的时滞关系。累积型用于表征时滞长度不确定、因果效应逐步叠加的时滞关系。将指数Almon函数作为时滞分布函数,该函数可完全由数据驱动生成递增、递减、S型、U型、钟型等多种形态,有助于挖掘混频数据中的时滞信息。数值分析的结果验证了模型的有效性。模型对于存在低频小样本数据的混频时滞系统具有很强的适用性。     

Inverse Near Permutation Semigroups

A transformation semigroup over a set X with N elements is said to be a near permutation semigroup if it is generated by a group G of permutations on N elements and by a set H of transformations of rank N - 1. In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a near permutation semigroup S = ‹G,H›, where H is a group, to be inverse. Moreover, we obtain conditions which guarantee that its semilattice of idempotents is generated by the idempotents of S of rank greater than N - 2 or N - 3.     

有关重复排列的一类计数问题

利用生成函数解决了从n个元素的集合中任意重复选取r个元素且这r个元素中含有不同元素的个数一定时，所构成的不同r-序列的方法数．     

HAM solutions for boundary layer flow in the region of the stagnation point towards a stretching sheet

In the present study, we have described the stagnation point flow of a viscous fluid towards a stretching sheet. The complete analytical solution of the boundary layer equation has been obtained by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The solutions are compared with the available numerical results obtained by Nazar et al. [Nazar R, Amin N, Filip D, Pop I. Unsteady boundary layer flow in the region of the stagnation point on a stretching sheet. Int J Eng Sci 2004;42:1241–53] and a good agreement is found. The convergence region is also computed which shows the validity of the HAM solution.     

Conjugacy problem in a class of 2-groups

In the paper, the conjugacy problem for elements of Grigorchuk 2-groups is solved. Each group is regarded from the viewpoint of rearrangement-like transformations of the interval (0, 1) and from the viewpoint of wreath products of groups. Several approaches are indicated that allow one to establish conjugacy conditions of elements.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 573–583, October, 1998.The author wishes to express his deep gratitude to V. I. Sushchanskii and M. N. Vasyakina for their support and attention to the research.     

Performance of the（BMAP1, BMAP2 ）/（PH1, PH2 ）/N Retrial Queueing System with Finite Buffer

This paper consider the （BMAP1, BMAP2）/（PH1, PH2）/N retrial queue with finite-position buffer. The behavior of the system is described in terms of continuous time multi-dimensional Markov chain. Arriving type I calls find all servers busy and join the buffer, if the positions of the buffer are insufficient, they can go to orbit. Arriving type II calls find all servers busy and join the orbit directly. Each server can provide two types heterogeneous services with Phase-type （PH） time distribution to every arriving call （including types I and II calls）, arriving calls have an option to choose either type of services. The model is quite general enough to cover most of the systems in communication networks. We derive the ergodicity condition, the stationary distribution and the main performance characteristics of the system. The effects of various parameters on the system performance measures are illustrated numerically.     

Finite element methods for strongly-coupled systems of fluid-structure interaction with application to granular flow in silos

A monolithic approach to fluid-structure interactions based on the space-time finite element method is presented to investigate stress states in silos filled with granular material during discharge. The thin-walled silo-shell is discretized by continuum based, mixed-hybrid finite elements, whereas the flowing granular material is described by an enhanced viscoplastic non-Newtonian fluid model. To adapt the mesh nodes of the fluid domain to the structural deformations, a mesh-moving scheme using a pseudo-solid is applied. The level-set-method involving XFEM is used, including a 4D split algorithm for the space-time finite elements, in order to describe free surfaces. The method is applied to 3D silo discharges. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)