非线性光学中的新型有机和聚合分子材料

近年来的研究成果表明在非线性光学中一些有机和聚合分子材料与相应的无机晶体、半导体如LiNbO₃、GaAs等相比较,具有许多优越性。本文介绍了一些有机和聚合分子材料的非线性光学效应,包括模拟,离散和双稳现象及其潜在的应用。然后描述了几种这类晶体与薄膜材料的制备技术,其中LB膜沉积是制备超薄有机聚合膜的有效方法。     

一种简便测定有机电致发光材料能级的电化学方法

有机电致发光材料能带的准确测定对于有机电致发光器件研究至关重要。电化学方法(如循环伏安法)是表征有机材料的HOMO能级的简单而被广泛采用的方法。通常所用循环伏安法存在用料多、数值确定不明显等方面的缺点，因此我们改进了上述方法，将待测定材料在工作电极上成膜，采用线性扫描伏安法直接测定氧化电流起峰位置而得到其HOMO能级。再结合光谱数据就可以计算出材料的LUMO能级。研究表明该方法用料量少、快速、简便。     

一种非接触测量光学零件厚度的方法

为了实现光学零件厚度的非接触测量,设计了一种基于电光扫描的非接触测量方法。采用电扫描技术控制光开关,形成半径依次减小的环状光束,经过锥透镜后在光轴上形成连续移动的光点,当光点瞄准待测光学零件表面时,反射能量出现峰值,即定位了待测零件的表面,进而获得光学零件的几何厚度。建立了测量平板零件厚度和透镜中心厚度的数学模型;从理论上探讨了该方法的测量范围和测量精度。结果表明:设定锥面镜口径为100mm,材料折射率为1.52,当锥面镜的锥角从1°变化到40°时,测量动态范围可以从5507mm变化到26mm;当测量范围为26mm时,测量精度可以达到2.5μm。该方法可基本满足目前光学零件中心厚度的测量需求。     

一种新型稀土有机电致发光材料：Eu(NO3)3phen

稀土离子的窄谱带发射能够很好地满足彩色显示的要求,寻找新的具有更高荧光量子效率的稀土有机材料作为发光层,以做出更高发光亮度的有机电致发光器件是非常有意义的。     

一种新型有机倍频材料——苯基脲的倍频性能研究

报道了一种新型优质有机倍频材料———苯基脲并对其进行了初步研究.苯基脲具有很强的二阶非线性光学效应,其粉末二次谐波产生效率为尿素的11倍 截止吸收波长为λcutoff=290nm,有很宽的透光波段 抗光损伤实验表明,苯基脲具有较高的抗光损伤阈值 并且晶体生长习性良好.计算分析了苯基脲的微观二阶非线性光学性质. 关键词：     

有机光电磁功能材料

有机光电磁功能材料是新一代材料。文章简要介绍了有机半导体、光导体、光致变色与电致变色材料、有机非线性光学材料、有机导体、超导体、导电高分子，以及有机铁磁材料和有机分子电子器件。     

有机功能材料的进展

介绍了新学科－－有机功能材料的发展动态，分析了此学科兴起的原因，具体说明了下述7个方面的进展：（1）有机发光；（2）有机场效应管；（3）塑料电子学；（4）有机激光；（5）量子霍尔效应；（6）有机超导；（7）有机光生伏打效应。最后指出该学科存在的问题。     

有机及聚合物材料的电致发光

有机和聚合物材料电致发光是近几年来取得突破性进展而倍受关注的新兴研究领域。它们的电致发光薄膜器件激发电压低，易得到彩色显示，发光效率高，而且器件薄易实现大屏幕平板化，综述这类薄膜电致发光的发光原理、发光材料、器件的制备方法及在发光机理研究方面取得的最新进展。     

Effective anisotropy and coercivity in nanocrystalline single-phase NdFeB permanent magnetic material

The effect of exchange-coupling interaction on the effective anisotropy and its varying tendency in nanocrystalline single-phase NdFeB permanent magnetic material have been investigated. The results show that the exchange-coupling interaction between grains makes the effective anisotropy of material, Keff, decrease with the reduction of grain size. The variation of Keff is basically the same as that of coercivity. The decrease in effective anisotropy is the main reason of the reduction of coercivity for nanocrystalline single-phase NdFeB permanent magnetic material. In order to get high anisotropy and coercivity in nanocrystalline single-phase NdFeB permanent material, the grain size should be larger than 35 nm.     

皮秒激光透射率法表征高分子薄膜双光子吸收截面

为了有效地测量有机薄膜的双光子吸收截面,针对较薄有机薄膜(约60μm)和有限激发光源功率,提出了基于非线性透过率测量法的皮秒激光脉冲激发等效多层膜非线性透过率法来实现双光子吸收截面的测量。首先在PC材料基板上旋涂偶氮染料薄膜,将带有偶氮薄膜的PC基板剪切成小块(20 mm×20 mm),并将5块叠加起来作为测量样品,然后采用LD泵浦的Nd∶YVO4皮秒锁模激光器(脉冲宽度为20 ps、重复频率为56.8 MHz、输出波长为1 064 nm)激发样品。在实验中,通过测量样品的非线性透过率,拟合偶氮样品的透过率曲线,最终得到了双光子吸收截面(634.2 GM)。与其他测量方法相比,此方法简单、有效。     

皮秒激光透射率法表征高分子薄膜双光子吸收截面

为了有效地测量有机薄膜的双光子吸收截面,针对较薄有机薄膜(约60μm)和有限激发光源功率,提出了基于非线性透过率测量法的皮秒激光脉冲激发等效多层膜非线性透过率法来实现双光子吸收截面的测量。首先在PC材料基板上旋涂偶氮染料薄膜,将带有偶氮薄膜的PC基板剪切成小块(20 mm×20 mm),并将5块叠加起来作为测量样品,然后采用LD泵浦的Nd∶YVO4皮秒锁模激光器(脉冲宽度为20 ps、重复频率为56.8 MHz、输出波长为1 064 nm)激发样品。在实验中,通过测量样品的非线性透过率,拟合偶氮样品的透过率曲线,最终得到了双光子吸收截面(634.2 GM)。与其他测量方法相比,此方法简单、有效。     

一种无损测量多层半导体材料厚度的新方法

通过研究GaAs半导体材料厚度对量子效率的影响入手,提出一种利用分光光度计直接测量多层半导体厚度的新方法.根据光学干涉原理,将分光光度计测量出的反射率波谷值代入编写的JAVA程序进行计算,从而可直接得出多层半导体材料厚度,使用该方法得到的半导体层厚度误差＜9%,满足测试精度要求.此方法可用于半导体外延片材料分析、工艺提高以及批量无损测量.     

有机薄膜电致发光材料与器件研究进展

有机电致发光薄膜近年来得到了迅猛的发展,是未来平板式全固体彩色电视机的技术关键。本文介绍了国内外此项技术的发展,以期对今后的工作有所借鉴     

掺杂对液晶磁场弗里德里克斯转变影响的探讨

采用相位延迟法，通过对分别掺入微量卟啉类物质、纤维蛋白质和双偶氮苯沿面排列5CB液晶磁场弗里德里克斯转变的实验和数值计算，从实验和原理上探讨了微量掺杂对沿面排列5CB液晶磁场弗里德里克斯转变的影响.数值计算结果与实验相符，呈现两种转变过程.研究表明，掺杂物的磁学性质不同、分子的形状和大小不同对液晶弗里德里克斯转变和弗里德里克斯转变阈值的影响不同.进一步的掺杂2-benzothiazolethiol-linked porphyrinatozinc(Ⅱ)实验说明了这种情况. 关键词： 液晶 掺杂 弗里德里克斯转变     

Influence of magnetic powders on the tribological performance of a novel magnetic brake material

By adding magnetic powders into matrix material, it has been proved to be a creative approach to improve tribological properties of brake materials. In this paper, a novel magnetic brake material with Nd–Fe–B and nano-Fe₃O₄ was developed, and the influential mechanism of these two magnetic powders and their content on the friction and wear performance was deeply discussed. Firstly, some experiments were carried out to investigate the tribological performance and influential mechanisms of four groups of brake pad samples with different magnetic powders. Furthermore, based on these results, further experiments for investigating the influence that Nd–Fe–B contents have on the tribological properties were conducted. According to the theoretical analysis about experiments, it was concluded that nano-Fe₃O₄ is beneficial to promote the formation of friction film and has certain lubricant effects. However, Nd–Fe–B has double effects on the formation of friction film. It will have positive effects when its content is less than a certain value. Otherwise, it will destroy the structure of friction film. Conclusively, it is believed that this study will be significantly valuable and meaningful for developing new brake materials and improving safety reliability of mechanical brakes.     

Optical measurement of magnetic anisotropy in thin garnet films

This paper describes an improved optical method for measuring locally the cubic and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy fields in thin garnet films. The derivative of the in-plane component of the magnetization is measured, using a double modulation technique which combines polarization modulation with field modulation. A simple graphical method is devised to calculateH _k andH _u from the extrema in this derivative curve. The results of measurements on magnetic garnet films obtained by different methods are compared. Local measurements of the anisotropy induced by substrate facet strain are described.     

Optical control of the magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic bilayered manganites

Optical manipulation of the magnetic anisotropy is demonstrated for bilayered manganites, La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7, by means of femtosecond Kerr-rotation measurements. Upon the photoexcitation on the x=0.32 crystal, the magnetization exhibits the precessional motion for about 1 ns, revealing the directional change of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy from the c axis to the ab plane. This change of the anisotropy induces the nonthermal decrease of the c-axis magnetization component for about 1 ns.