Effects of Pithecellobium jiringa ethanol extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in Sprague-Dawley rats

Current anti-gastric ulcer agents have side effects, despite the progression and expansion of advances in treatment. This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective mechanisms of Pithecellobium jiringa ethanol extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal ulcers in rats. For this purpose, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 (normal control) rats were orally administered with vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose), Group 2 (ulcer control) rats were also orally administered with vehicle. Group 3 (positive control) rats were orally administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole, Groups 4 and 5 (experimental groups) received ethanol extract of Pithecellobium jiringa ethanol extract at a concentration of 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Sixty minutes later, vehicle was given orally to the normal control group, and absolute ethanol was given orally to the ulcer control, positive control and experimental groups to generate gastric mucosal injury. The rats were sacrificed an hour later. The effect of oral administration of plant extract on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury was studied grossly and histology. The level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde-MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gastric wall mucus were measured from gastric mucosal homogenate. The ulcer control group exhibited severe gastric mucosal injury, and this finding was also confirmed by histology of gastric mucosa which showed severe damage to the gastric mucosa with edema and leucocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer. Pre-treatment with plant extract significantly reduced the formation of ethanol-induced gastric lesions, and gastric wall mucus was significantly preserved. The study also indicated a significant increase in SOD activity in gastric mucosal homogenate, whereas a significant decrease in MDA was observed. Acute toxicity tests did not show any signs of toxicity and mortality up to 5 g/kg. The ulcer protective effect of this plant may possibly be due to its preservation of gastric wall mucus along with increased SOD activity and reduction of oxidative stress (MDA). The extract is non-toxic, even at relatively high concentrations.     

In vitro anti-cataract evaluation of standardised Abies pindrow leaf extract using isolated goat lenses

Oxidative stress is known to spark off the pathogenesis of cataract. Antioxidant potential of Abies pindrow Royle leaf extract (APE) is well established in the literature. In this context, standard aqueous leaf extract of this plant was evaluated for its role in hydrogen peroxide-induced cataract in isolated goat lenses using varying concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/mL). Total phenol and flavonoidal content was evaluated and found to be high in concentration. Biochemical parameters, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), total protein content (TPC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were evaluated. SOD, GSH and TPC formation was found to increase proportionally with increasing concentration. However, MDA level decreased significantly as the concentration of the extract increased. The results suggest that the extract under investigation can delay the onset and/or prevent the progression of cataract. Its anti-cataract potential may be attributed to the presence of high phenolics and flavonoids in APE. Photographic evaluation, further, confirmed the observation.     

泽泻三萜类成分的提取工艺优化及活性评价

建立泽泻中三萜类成分的最佳提取工艺,并考察其对老年性耳聋小鼠血清生理学指标的影响.通过正交试验优化泽泻三萜类成分的提取工艺,并用紫外分光光度法(UV)测定含量.采用D-半乳糖建立小鼠老年性耳聋模型,灌胃给予泽泻三萜类成分提取物后,测定小鼠血清丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力.结果表明:泽泻三萜类成分的...     

Antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of bioactive constituents from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack

Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant whose tubers possesses cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic effects and have been used for the treatment of hepatitis, rheumatism and diarrhea. Herein we report the isolation of its active constituents and the testing of their antimicrobial activity against 27 strains of microorganisms using an agar dilution method and of their antioxidative activity using the DPPH and SOD assays. The results show that the crude hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts exert such activities. Particularly, the crude ethyl acetate extract exhibits antigrowth activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with MIC 256 microg/mL. Shewanella putrefaciens ATCC 8671 is completely inhibited at a lower MIC (128 microg/mL). Interestingly, Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC10356 is inhibited by all the tested extracts. Significantly, the ethyl acetate extract is also the most potent antioxidant, showing 83.31% radical scavenging activity with IC50 8.40 microg/mL in the DPPH assay. The other extracts display weak to moderate antioxidative activities, ranging from 28.60-56.80% radical scavenging. The SOD assay shows that methanol extract exhibits the highest activity (74.19% inhibition of superoxide radical). The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts display comparable SOD activity. The promising bioactivities of the crude ethyl acetate extract guided the first isolation of bioactive flavonoid and phenolic compounds: isoliquiritigenin (2), protocatechualdehyde(3), butin (4) and butein (5) from this species. Their structures have been fully established by 1D and 2D NMR. In addition, stigmasterol was isolated from the crude hexane and dichloromethane extracts. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of compounds 3-5 were evaluated. The tested compounds were inactive against HuCCA-1 and KB cell lines,showing ED50> 10 microg/mL. Protocatechualdehyde (3) completely inhibits the growth of Plesiomonas shigelloides with MIC 相似文献   

Protective effects of Ocimum sanctum on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats

The antioxidant effects of Ocimum sanctum in experimental streptozocin-induced diabetic rats was evaluated in this study. Streptozocin, 55?mg?kg(-1) body weight, was injected intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats were orally treated with an aqueous extract of O. sanctum once daily for 30 days. After the experimental period, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Administration of O. sanctum to streptozocin-induced diabetic rats for 30 days significantly reduced the plasma level of TBARS and improved the status of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase in vital organs such as the liver and kidney. These results confirmed that the Indian medicinal plant O. sanctum has a protective effect and it may be useful in controlling complications resulting from diabetes.     

A nickel superoxide dismutase maquette that reproduces the spectroscopic and functional properties of the metalloenzyme

Described herein is a nickel superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) maquette ([Ni(SOD(M1))]) based on the first 12 residues from the N-terminal sequence of Streptomyces coelicolor NiSOD. The apopeptide (SOD(M1)) was prepared by standard solid-phase Fmoc peptide synthesis. SOD(M1) will readily coordinate Ni(II) in a 1:1 ratio in slightly basic aqueous sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M; pH = 7.2) forming a lightly colored beige/pink solution. Unlike NiSOD, which is isolated as a 1:1 mixture of oxidized (Ni(III)) and reduced (Ni(II)) forms, [Ni(SOD(M1))] can only be isolated in the Ni(II) oxidation state. The UV/vis, X-ray absorption, and CD spectra of [Ni(II)(SOD(M1))] correspond well with those reported for the reduced form of NiSOD. Despite the fact that [Ni(III)(SOD(M1))] is not isolable, [Ni(SOD(M1))] has an appropriate redox potential to act as an SOD (E(1/2) = 0.70(2) V vs Ag/AgCl) and in fact will catalytically disproportionate >40 000 equiv of KO(2).     

Effect of fruit extract on renal stone formation and kidney injury in rats

This study investigated the effect of oral administration of Cactus fruit extracts on calcium oxalate deposition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat model. About 42 rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into seven groups. Control group maintained on regular rat food and drinking water throughout the study period, whereas in other groups nephrolithiasis was induced by ethylene glycol. Rats in kidney stone group were sacrificed after 28 days and all remaining groups after 58 days. Treatment groups were treated with 1 and 100 mg/kg of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cactus fruit for 30 days. After treatment, SOD activity was increased and MDA was decreased significantly. CaOx depositions were decreased significantly, especially in ethanolic extract of Cactus fruit in high dose (100 mg/kg).     

Anti-lipid peroxidative effect of an extract of the stems of Kadsura heteroclita and its major constituent, kadsurin, in mice.

Three-days successive p.o. administration of an EtOH extract of the stems of Kadsura heteroclita (Schizandraceae) or its major constituent, kadsurin, resulted in significant decreases of CCl4-induced lipid-peroxidation products, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), conjugated dienes and fluorescent products in the liver of mice. In contrast, a significant restoration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity reduced by CCl4-intoxication was observed in the administered groups, suggesting that the subchronic treatment of mice with the EtOH extract or kadsurin induce enzymes capable of scavenging oxygen radical species in the liver, though the extract and kadsurin themselves may have an anti-oxidant property.     

A DNA G-quadruplex converts SOD1 into fibrillar aggregates

Nucleic acids with G4 elements play a role in the formation of aggregates involved in intracellular phase transitions. Our previous studies suggest that different forms of DNA could act as an accelerating template in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) aggregation. Here, we examined the regulation of formation and cytotoxicity of the SOD1 aggregates by single-stranded 12-mer deoxynucleotide oligomers (dN)₁₂ (N = A, T, G, C; ssDNAs) under acidic conditions. The ssDNAs can be divided into two groups based on their roles in SOD1 binding, exposure of hydrophobic clusters in SOD1, accelerated formation, morphology and cytotoxicity of SOD1 aggregates. G-quadruplexes convert SOD1 into fibrillar aggregates as a template, a fact which was observed for the first time in the nucleic acid regulation of protein aggregation. Moreover, the fibrillar or fibril-like SOD1 species with a G-quadruplex provided by (dG)₁₂ were less toxic than the amorphous species with (dN)₁₂ (N = A, T). This study not only indicates that both morphology and cytotoxicity of protein aggregates can be regulated by the protein-bound DNAs, but also help us understand roles of nucleic aid G-quadruplexes in the formation of aggregates and membraneless organelles involved in intracellular phase transitions.     

Antioxidant Properties of Garcinia Mangostana L (Mangosteen) Rind

Many diseases correlate with antioxidant deficiencies. Garcinia mangostana L rind (GMR) belong to waste product, contains xanthones which are antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to determine antioxidant properties of its ethanolic extract, hexane, ethylacetate, butanol, and water fractions in DPPH scavengingactivity, level of SOD and total antioxidant (TAS) compared against α-mangostin. Extract and all of these fractions had high DPPH trapping activity while α-mangostin had low activity. Level of SOD was highest in GMR water fraction while TAS level was highest in GMR ethylacetate fraction. It was concluded that GMR products had potential antioxidant properties     

绿豆萌发过程中SOD的分离纯化及性质研究

制备不同萌发时期绿豆SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)粗酶液,筛选出酶比活力最高的时期,并运用热变性、硫酸铵分级、DEAE-Sepharose FF阴离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-100 HR分子筛层析分离纯化并作对比考察,提纯的SOD进行了理化性质研究。结果表明,绿豆种子萌发第3天时SOD的比活力最高,经纯化获得的SOD酶比活力为2256.4 U/mg,纯化倍数为3.9。绿豆中SOD为Cu/Zn SOD和Mn SOD,分子量为68KD,热稳定性高,在pH5-8条件下稳定,对高浓度SDS具有抗性。EDTA可以一定程度上抑制SOD活性,H2O2可以完全抑制SOD活性。     

Thiophene derivatives with antileishmanial activity isolated from aerial parts of Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass

Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. is a plant native to Brazil and in the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, aerial parts of P. ruderale have been used popularly in the treatment of lesions caused by Leishmania sp.. In this study the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of the crude extract, fractions, and isolated compounds from aerial parts of P. ruderale was evaluated. The dichloromethane extract was submitted to chromatography to yield compounds active against Leishmania amazonensis. Their structures were established by comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values. The activities of crude extract against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms of L. amazonensis (IC(50)) were 60.3 and 77.7 μg/mL, respectively. Its cytotoxic activity against macrophage cells (CC(50)) was 500 μg/mL. The thiophene derivatives isolated were: 5-methyl-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene (compound A) and 5'-methyl-[5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynyl)]-2,2'-bithiophene (compound B). The activity of compound A against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms were 7.7 and 19.0 μg/mL and of compound B were 21.3 and 28.7 μg/mL, respectively. The activity of the isolated compounds against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms was better than that of the crude extract and more selective against protozoa than for macrophage cells.     

Moringa oleifera hydroethanolic extracts effectively alleviate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats through their antioxidant nature

The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant properties Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) extracts and its curative role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced toxic liver injury in rats caused by oxidative damage. The total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of hydroethanolic extracts of different MO edible parts were investigated by employing an established in vitro biological assay. In the antihepatotoxic study, either flowers or leaves extract (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg, i.p) were administered an hour after APAP administration, respectively. N-Acetylcysteine was used as the positive control against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The levels of liver markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the levels of oxidative damage markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adduct, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analysed and compared between experimental groups. Among MO edible parts the flower extracts contain the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, followed by leaves extract. The oxidative marker MDA, as well as 4-HNE protein adduct levels were elevated and GSH, SOD and CAT were significantly decreased in groups treated with hepatotoxin. The biochemical liver tissue oxidative markers measured in the rats treated with MO flowers and leaves hydroethanolic extracts showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the severity of the liver damage. The results of this study strongly indicate the therapeutic properties of MO hydroethanolic extracts against acute liver injury and thereby scientifically support its traditional use.     

外源铜增强天然铜锌超氧化物歧化酶断裂DNA的活性

铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZnSOD）作为一种抗氧化酶, 最重要的功能是催化超氧阴离子歧化为过氧化氢和氧气。然而最近研究发现CuZnSOD具有过氧化物酶活性,能导致核酸、蛋白质和细胞膜的损伤。本工作采用光谱学和酶学方法研究外源Cu(Ⅱ)与CuZnSOD之间的相互作用,以及H₂O₂存在下外源Cu(Ⅱ)对 CuZnSOD断裂DNA活性的增强效应。比较CuZnSOD + nCu(Ⅱ) (n=0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8)和单独Cu(Ⅱ)分别断裂DNA的活性,表明外源Cu(Ⅱ)的加入可显著增强CuZnSOD断裂DNA的活性。相对酶活力和稳态动力学的测定证实了这种增强效应。pH依赖性实验表明断裂DNA的最适pH范围为pH3.6-5.6和pH9.0-10,在不同的pH区域CuZnSOD + nCu(Ⅱ)断裂DNA途径可能不同。     

Effects of ethanol extract from Saururus chinensis (Bour.) Baill on lipid and antioxidant metabolisms in rats fed a high-fat diet

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract from Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill on liver function, plasma lipid composition and antioxidant system with high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Rats were divided into the following five groups; untreated control group (normal), treated with 0.5% SE (normal + 0.5% SE), high-fat group (high-fat), high-fat group treated with 0.1% SE (high-fat + 0.1% SE), or 0.5% SE (high-fat + 0.5% SE). Weight gains showed a tendency to decrease in rat with high-fat + SE. Plasma total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease with ethanol extract from S. chinensis (Lour.) Baill. LDL-cholesterol contents were lower in ethanol extract group than that of control group. Aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities were increased by high-fat diet, and were decreased by 0.5% SE. Lipid peroxide level showed a tendency to increase in high-fat diet group than that of normal group. In ethanol extract from S. chinensis (Lour.) Baill groups, lipid peroxide level decreased significantly and SOD activity was also decreased progressively. These results demonstrated that the ethanol extract of S. chinensis (Lour.) Baill lowered serum cholesterol levels, tissue lipid contents and accumulation of cholesterol in the rat.     

二价金属离子激活铜超氧化物歧化酶断裂DNA的活性

以铜超氧化物歧化酶(CunSOD, n＝1—4)作为野生型CuZnSOD突变体的一种模型, 研究了其在二价金属离子(Mg2+, Mn2+)存在下由非氧化途径断裂DNA的活性, 并与CuZnSOD和脱辅基SOD(apoSOD)进行了比较. 结果表明, 在Mg2+或Mn2+存在下, CunSOD断裂DNA的活性高于CuZnSOD和apoSOD, 并且DNA的断裂活性受二价金属离子浓度、pH及酶浓度等因素影响. 相对活性及动力学参数的测定结果表明, CunSOD断裂DNA的相对能力按Cu1SOD2SOD≈Cu4SOD3SOD的顺序变化.     

Biologically Active Constituents from Salix viminalis Bio-Oil and Their Protective Activity Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

The protective antioxidative effect of the phenolic extract (PE) isolated from Salix viminalis pyrolysis derived bio-oil was shown in vitro on the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Cells pretreated with 0.05 μg/ml PE after exposure to different concentrations of H₂O₂ (300–900 μM) showed up to 25 % higher viability than the unpretreated ones. The antioxidative effect of PE was also observed in a time-dependent manner. The results were confirmed by visual examination of the specimens using microscopy. Finally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity modulation was shown by SOD assay, designed to determine the activity of enzymes removing free radicals.     

Purification and characterization of three forms of class III alcohol dehydrogenase

We have resolved and characterized three forms of human and rat hepatic class III alcohol dehydrogenase. Separations were carried out in narrow immobilized pH gradients. Both in humans and rats the three forms were visualized by enzyme staining with cinnamol, but not with ethanol. They were insensitive to the inhibitory effect of pyrazole. The isoelectric points were approximately from 6.3-6.4, from 5.9-6.0 and 5.6. Each electroeluted enzyme extract, purified further by analytical isoelectric focusing over the pH range from 5-6 or 6-7, revealed a single band by enzyme and silver staining and by Western blotting followed by avidin-biotin staining. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate of each extract revealed a single molecular mass species corresponding to class III alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). All forms of class III alcohol dehydrogenase were recognized by antisera raised against total class III ADH.     

Characterization of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD‐1) by electrospray ionization‐ion mobility mass spectrometry

In this paper, we report nano‐electrospray ionization‐ion mobility mass spectrometry (nano‐ESI‐IM‐MS) characterization of bovine superoxide dismutase (SOD‐1) and human SOD‐1 purified from erythrocytes. SOD‐1 aggregates are characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease in humans that could be triggered by dissociation of the native dimeric enzyme (Cu₂,Zn₂‐dimer SOD‐1). In contrast to ESI‐MS, nano‐ESI‐IM‐MS allowed an extra dimension for ion separation, yielding three‐way mass spectra (drift time, mass‐to‐charge ratio and intensity). Drift time provided valuable structural information related to ion size, which proved useful to differentiate between the dimeric and monomeric forms of SOD‐1 under non denaturing conditions. In order to obtain detailed structural information, including the most relevant post‐translational modifications, we evaluated several parameters of the IM method, such as sample composition (10 mM ammonium acetate, pH 7) and activation voltages (trap collision energy and cone voltage). Neutral pH and a careful selection of the most appropriate activation voltages were necessary to minimize dimer dissociation, although human enzyme resulted less prone to dissociation. Under optimum conditions, a comparison between monomer‐to‐dimer abundance ratios of two small sets of blood samples from healthy control and ALS patients demonstrated the presence of a higher relative abundance of Cu,Zn‐monomer SOD‐1 in patient samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.