Analysis of shear localization in porous materials

A set of constitutive equations are derived based on the authors' lower bound yield loci for porous materials. By using these equations, the conditions for shear localization in porous materials are then investigated and the results are compared with those of Gurson's equations and the finite element analysis. The advantages of the present constitutive equations are fully illustrated.     

On the deformation and fracture of porous materials

The constitutive behavior of porous materials (including the yield loci, the void growth rate, the macro stress-strain relation and the strain to localization instability) is examined based on the lower bound approach proposed by the present authors. These results are then compared with the experimental and the finite element results as well as those predicted by Gurson's equations. Emphasis is placed on approaching the real behavior from the upper and the lower bound analysis. Calculation is also made on the influence of void nucleation on the critical strain to instability and a modified strain-controlled nucleation criterion is proposed. Finally the instability and fracture of AISI4340 steel in plane strain tension is examined and comparison is made between theoretical and experimental results.     

An upper bound approach on yield surfaces of porous materials

Summary Triaxial deformation of a porous material is analyzed. A material model is proposed where the material consists of spherical cells each of which has a spherical pore in the center of the matrix. The velocity field in the matrix is assumed and the upper bound approach is attempted. The yield surfaces of the porous materials with various volume fractions of pores v _f are obtained as ellipsoids whose axes become smaller with increasing v _f.They coincide with the yield surfaces which have been proposed by the authors earlier.

---

Ein Obere-Schranken-Ansatz für den Fließort von porösem Material

Übersicht Analysiert wird die dreiachsige Deformation eines porösen Werkstoffs, der durch kugelförmige Zellen mit sphärischen Löchern im Zentrum der Matrix modelliert wird. Für die Anwendung des Obere-Schranken-Satzes wird ein Geschwindigkeitsfeld in der Matrix angesetzt. Damit erhält man als Fließort von porösen Werkstoffen mit verschiedenen Porenvolumen-Anteilen v _fEllipsoide, deren Hauptachsen mit zunehmendem v _fkleiner werden. Sie stimmen mit den Fließorten, welche die Autoren schon früher halbexperimentell und halb-analytisch ermittelt haben, überein.

     

An approximate lower bound damage-based yield criterion for porous ductile sheet metals

An approximate lower bound damage-based yield criterion is developed for isotropic porous ductile sheet metals. The matrix of the sheet metals is assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic and obey the von Mises yield criterion with periodically distributed voids. Gurson’s unit-cell model is simplified to characterize the sheet metals. To accommodate biaxial loading, an approach of stress superposition is adopted for the stress analysis. Numerical results were calculated and compared to Gurson’s extended yield criterion and experimental results.     

An asymptotic-numerical analysis for the lower bound dynamic buckling estimates

A finite element asymptotic analysis for determining the lower bound dynamic buckling estimates of imperfection-sensitive structures under step load of infinite duration is presented. The lower bound dynamic buckling loads and the corresponding displacements are sought in the form of asymptotic expansions based on the static stability criterion and they can be determined by solving numerically (FEM) several linear problems with a single nonsingular sub-stiffness matrix. The project supported by the State Education Commission of China     

Poromechanics approach for modeling closed-cell porous materials with soft matrices

The main purpose of this paper is the formulation of a modeling framework for closed-cell porous materials by means of the nowadays classical approach of poromechanics. The cavities being saturated with a single fluid phase, Biot’s theory drastically simplifies since no fluid diffusion is present in this case. Nevertheless, the fluid contribution to the macroscopic behavior is still present and the fluid mass conservation controls the pore pressure that contributes to the total stress at the macro-scale. A constitutive law for the saturating fluid is introduced that encompasses both ideal gas and incompressible fluids as particular cases. The approach is built around the unified framework of continuum thermodynamics which is crucial in setting the convenient form for the state laws. As the finite strain range is of concern, the modeling strongly depends on the Eulerian porosity law adopted in the spatial configuration. Two model examples are discussed with parametric studies to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

周期性吸声多孔材料微结构优化设计

多孔材料的吸声性能与材料孔隙率以及材料微结构几何构型存在密切相关.本文采用有限元方法研究了材料微观结构与宏观声学性能参数之间的关系,分析了通孔材料微结构的开孔形状、孔隙率以及孔隙尺寸对材料吸声性能的影响,并建立了在特定频率下具有高声吸收性能的通孔材料微结构几何构型的设计理论和方法,得到了具有较高声能吸收率的多孔材料微结构构型.     

Physicomathematical modeling of the processes of capillary impregnation of porous materials

The process of capillary impregnation of porous materials is studied numerically. A physicomathematical model of liquid diffusion in a porous sample is proposed. The model involves an analytical presentation of the diffusion coefficient, which describes available experimental data. A method of solving one-dimensional unsteady problems of impregnation is developed and tested on a self-similar solution of the corresponding boundary-value problem of impregnation. If the impregnation process is sufficiently long, the motion of the liquid in the sample is described by a stable self-similar solution. A classification of moisture diffusion on the basis of the initial humidity on the sample boundary is proposed. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 42–51, January–February, 2009.     

多孔材料/结构尺度关联的一体化拓扑优化技术

针对多孔材料的尺度效应和微结构构型的可设计性,提出以宏观结构最大刚度为目标,材料表征体胞构型为变量的材料／结构尺度关联一体化设计新方法．采用有限元超单元技术,验证了材料表征体胞尺度、边长比、平移、对称周期分布方式对构型设计结果的影响,实现了材料宏观布局设计、材料表征体胞构型精细设计以及多尺度均匀化设计的统一。基于凸规划对偶优化求解技术与二次型周长控制约束,完成了快速设计与材料分布棋盘格效应的控制。计算结果表明,在给定材料用量的情况下,该方法能有效地实现蜂窝结构的拓扑优化设计,设计结果充分反映了蜂窝夹层结构的尺度效应,为轻质结构设计提供了新的设计方法。     

Hardness-packing density scaling relations for cohesive-frictional porous materials

Recent progress in instrumented nanoindentation makes it possible today to test in situ phase properties and structures of porous materials that cannot be recapitulated ex situ in bulk form. But it requires a rigorous indentation analysis to translate indentation data into meaningful mechanical properties. This paper reports the development and implementation of a multi-scale indentation analysis based on limit analysis, for the assessment of strength properties of cohesive-frictional porous materials from hardness measurements. Based on the separation-of-scale condition, we implement an elliptical strength criterion which results from the nonlinear homogenization of the strength properties of the constituents (cohesion and friction), the porosity and the microstructure, into a computational yield design approach to indentation analysis. We identify the resulting upper bound problem as a second-order conical optimization problem, for which advanced optimization algorithms became recently available. The upper bound yield design solutions are benchmarked against solutions from comprehensive elastoplastic contact mechanics finite element solutions and lower bound solutions. Furthermore, from a detailed parameter study based on intensive computational simulations, we identify characteristic hardness-packing density scaling relations for cohesive-frictional porous materials. These scaling relations which are developed for two pore-morphologies, a matrix-pore morphology and a polycrystal (perfect disordered) morphology, are most suitable for the reverse analysis of the strength parameters of cohesive-frictional solids from indentation hardness measurements.     

A fractal study of sound propagation characteristics in roughened porous materials

The influence of rough elements of porous materials on sound propagation characteristics in roughened porous materials is investigated. Rough surface topography on the roughened porous materials is simulated by the fractal geometry theory, in which relative roughness is defined clearly as a function of the fractal dimension, porosity, average diameter and diameter ratio of the hexagonal elements on pore wall of the porous materials. Based on the sound propagation model of the smooth porous materials, a sound propagation model of the roughened porous materials is built. The effective density and bulk modulus, acoustic impedance and propagation constant, flow resistivity and sound absorption coefficient of the roughened porous materials are derived and discussed as a function of the relative roughness. It is demonstrated that the sound absorption coefficient of the roughened porous materials is improved as the relative roughness increases. The model predictions for the sound absorption coefficient of the roughened porous materials are well agreed with that of the existing test results.     

On the Chebyshev collocation spectral approach to stability of fluid flow in a porous medium

In this paper, the temporal development of small disturbances in a pressure‐driven fluid flow through a channel filled with a saturated porous medium is investigated. The Brinkman flow model is employed in order to obtain the basic flow velocity distribution. Under normal mode assumption, the linearized governing equations for disturbances yield a fourth‐order eigenvalue problem, which reduces to the well‐known Orr–Sommerfeld equation in some limiting cases solved numerically by a spectral collocation technique with expansions in Chebyshev polynomials. The critical Reynolds number Re_c, the critical wave number α_c, and the critical wave speed c_c are obtained for a wide range of the porous medium shape factor parameter S. It is found that a decrease in porous medium permeability has a stabilizing effect on the fluid flow. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

含损伤材料的热粘塑性本构关系及其应用

对含损伤材料的热粘塑性本构关系进行了较全面和较系统的研究。首先对半径回归方法的本构公式给出了最一般性的严格证明,并讨论了其适用性和局限性。接着以应力空间中的屈服函数和Drucker公设为基础,以材料本构关系的内变量理论为工具,推导并建立了增量型热粘塑性本构关系的普适形式和计算流程。然后结合实践中最常用的几类本构模型,导出了所建立的增量型动态本构关系的具体形式,并简要总结了其各自的特点和意义。最后通过一些典型的波传播和高速冲击问题的算例,介绍了所建立的本构关系及计算方法的具体应用情况和效果,从而展示了其理论意义和应用前景。     

Lower bound limit analysis of three-dimensional elastoplastic structures by boundary element method

IntroductionThelimitanalysisofstructuresisoneofthemostpracticalandusefulbranchesinplasticity .Ithasimportantapplicationbackgroundforproblemssuchasthedeterminationofloadcarryingcapacityandplasticformingofmetal.Thepurposeofthelimitanalysisofstructuresistoprovidereliabletheoreticalbasesforengineeringdesignandsafetyassessment.Asasimplifiedmethodforelastoplasticproblems,limitanalysisneednotrequirethehistoryofloadandcancomputethelimitloadsdirectlyinsteadofelastoplasticincrementalcomputationwhichisus…     

敷设多孔吸声材料声腔特征值分析的径向积分边界元法

由于Helmholtz方程的基本解是频率的函数,因此传统边界元法在处理声场特征值问题时具有天生的缺陷。本文采用Laplace方程基本解生成积分方程,通过径向积分法将在此过程中产生的域积分项转化为边界积分。此方法克服了传统边界元法系数矩阵对频率的依赖,同时克服了特解积分法对特解的依赖,并通过对表面声导纳的多项式逼近,将敷设多孔吸声材料声腔特征值问题转化为矩阵多项式,从而避免了复杂的非线性求解。通过数值算例验证了算法的有效性。     

Coupling of adsorption and diffusion in porous and granular materials. A 1-D example of the boundary value problem

Summary  In the paper, we present a macroscopic continuum model of adsorption in porous materials consisting of three components. We consider the flow of a fluid component through channels of the skeleton. It serves as carrier for an adsorbate whose mass balance equation contains a source term. The source consists of two parts: a Langmuir contribution, connected with bare sites on internal surfaces, which becomes in equilibrium the Langmuir isotherm, and changes of the internal surface driven by the source of porosity. The model for the latter contribution is new. Parameters of this model are analyzed by means of an example of solution of a boundary value problem for the full set of field equations, which describes the transport of pollutants in soils. Received 27 May 1999; accepted for publication 20 October 1999     

A new cross-scaling method to deal with the porous flow problem

The finite volume method (FVM) and the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are coupled with each other to construct a new cross-scaling method to deal with the porous flow problem. To check the effectiveness of our developed cross-scaling LBM—FVM, the above mentioned problem is also solved by the well known LBM—LBM. Based on the data checking of the published data and the results of LBM—FVM and LBM—LBM, good agreement is observed.     

A domain decomposition method for modelling Stokes flow in porous materials

An algorithm is presented for solving the Stokes equation in large disordered two‐dimensional porous domains. In this work, it is applied to random packings of discs, but the geometry can be essentially arbitrary. The approach includes the subdivision of the domain and a subsequent application of boundary integral equations to the subdomains. This gives a block diagonal matrix with sparse off‐block components that arise from shared variables on internal subdomain boundaries. The global problem is solved using a biconjugate gradient routine with preconditioning. Results show that the effectiveness of the preconditioner is strongly affected by the subdomain structure, from which a methodology is proposed for the domain decomposition step. A minimum is observed in the solution time versus subdomain size, which is governed by the time required for preconditioning, the time for vector multiplications in the biconjugate gradient routine, the iterative convergence rate and issues related to memory allocation. The method is demonstrated on various domains including a random 1000‐particle domain. The solution can be used for efficient recovery of point velocities, which is discussed in the context of stochastic modelling of solute transport. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.