锌铈混合金属氧化物薄膜电化学沉积的研究

采用自制四电极体系,原位测量锌铈混合氧化物薄膜电沉积过程电极/溶液界面pH的动态变化。电极/溶液界面的pH-时间曲线表明,pH快速上升后达到平衡,且电沉积过电位越大,达到平衡pH值的时间越短,平衡pH值也越高。X射线粉末衍射(XRD)实验证明薄膜沉积物是由ZnO和CeO2组成。电感耦合等离子体(ICP)技术分析了不同电沉积电位、不同电沉积时间下电沉积产物中Ce(Ⅲ)/Zn(Ⅱ)的物质的量比,结果表明Ce(Ⅲ)/Zn(Ⅱ)的物质的量比随着pH值的升高而增加。依据Zn2+离子和Ce3+离子液相和固相中存在形态的热力学数据,计算了2种金属离子的条件溶解度随pH的变化曲线。结合实验测试数据和理论计算结果,讨论了电极表面金属氧化物的电化学沉积机理,并阐明了阴极表面混合金属氧化物的组成取决于液-固两相中金属离子存在形态的热力学性质。     

ZnO/TiO2纳米管复合材料的制备及光电化学性能研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管,然后用光化学沉积法在TiO2纳米管表面沉积ZnO纳米颗粒制备ZnO/TiO2纳米复合材料。对样品进行了Raman谱、XRD和SEM表征,通过测定光电流-时间(I-t)和开路电压-时间(OCPT)曲线对ZnO/TiO2纳米复合材料的光电化学性能进行研究。结果表明,沉积ZnO没有改变TiO2的相结构;复合ZnO提高了TiO2的光电性能;在Zn(NO3)2浓度为10-3 mol.L-1的条件下制得的ZnO/TiO2纳米复合材料具有较好的光电性能。     

旋涂水溶液前驱体制备氧化锌薄膜及其性质

通过旋涂法, 采用Zn(OAc)2·2H2O和聚环氧乙烷(PEO)的水溶液为前驱体在不同的热处理温度下制备了ZnO薄膜. PEO的加入增加了溶液的成膜性, 其较低的热分解温度有利于制得纯净的ZnO薄膜. 文中考察了在不同热处理温度下制备的ZnO薄膜的形貌、结晶性、带隙(Eg)以及电导性. 原子力显微镜(AFM)测试表明在热处理温度为400、450和500 ℃制备的ZnO薄膜的粗糙度均方根值分别为3.3、2.7和3.6 nm. 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试发现ZnO薄膜中含有大量纳晶粒子. 通过测试ZnO薄膜的UV-Vis吸收光谱, 根据薄膜位于373 nm处的吸收带边计算得到ZnO的带隙为3.3 eV. 通过对薄膜的电流-电压(I-V)曲线的测试计算得到在热处理温度为400、450和500 ℃制备的ZnO薄膜的电阻率分别为3.3×109、2.7×109和6.6×109 Ω·cm. 450 ℃时制备的ZnO薄膜的电阻率最小, 主要是由于较高的热处理温度有利于提高薄膜的纯度、密度和吸附氧. 而纯度较高、密度较大的薄膜电阻率比较小; 吸附氧含量增加, 晶界势垒增大, 电阻率增大. 因此在纯度和吸附氧的双重作用下450 ℃时制备的ZnO薄膜的电阻率最小, 而500 ℃时制备的ZnO薄膜的电阻率最大.     

溶胶-凝胶法在聚酰亚胺衬底上制备c轴取向ZnO薄膜

通过溶胶-凝胶工艺, 采用两步加热法在聚酰亚胺表面制备了具有c轴取向的ZnO薄膜. 通过差式扫描量热-热重分析(DSC-TGA)得出最佳的前热处理温度和后热处理温度分别为300和390 ℃. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对薄膜的晶体取向和表面形貌进行了分析, 描述了ZnO薄膜在聚酰亚胺上的生长过程. 拉伸实验结果表明, ZnO薄膜与聚酰亚胺衬底有较强的附着力.     

苝染料杂化氧化锌薄膜的电沉积制备与表征

用含氯化锌(ZnCl2)和染料的二甲基亚砜溶液做电解液,可在ITO(氧化铟锡)导电玻璃上电化学沉积有机 无机杂化薄膜.薄膜的粒径尺寸约为300nm,杂化染料后的氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜的紫外可见吸收光谱相比纯ZnO薄膜明显宽泛而且偏向可见光部分.实验证明了染料敏化法提高ZnO薄膜光吸收能力的可行性.     

真空硅热还原氧化锌的热力学分析

通过热力学计算并分析了真空硅热法还原氧化锌反应的吉布斯自由能. 结果表明, 在1100-1500 K温度范围内硅热还原氧化锌具有热力学上的可行性, 但是生成的SiO₂与反应物ZnO反应生成炉渣2ZnO·SiO₂, 导致约50% (w)的ZnO不能被还原. 如果加入CaO与SiO₂造渣, 就能抑制2ZnO·SiO₂的生成, 保证ZnO完全被还原成金属锌. 热力学计算表明, 造渣反应和真空工艺都可以降低还原反应的吉布斯自由能. 实验结果表明, 热镀锌灰中分离出的ZnO在温度为1448 K、真空度为20 Pa、反应时间为2 h的条件下通过硅热还原可得到具有良好结晶形貌的金属锌, 还原率为92.81%. 经X射线衍射(XRD)分析, 反应后的残渣主要成分为2CaO·SiO₂.     

ZnO及其含锌混合氧化物薄膜的充放电性能研究

从充放电性能、晶体结构等方面考察了包括粉末状的ZnO、脉冲激光沉积方法制备的ZnO薄膜和含锌混合氧化物薄膜的电化学性质.结果表明,ZnO粉末制备的电极的嵌入容量随退火温度的升高而增大,掺入其他氧化物可以明显改善ZnO薄膜的电化学性能,在Ar气氛中,基片温度为400℃时,沉积的靶子成分为Zn:B:P:Al=1:1:0.5:0.5(摩尔比)的含锌混合氧化物薄膜具有较高的可逆容量,且循环性能良好.     

Rup_2P表面敏化TiO_2基复合薄膜光致界面电荷转移

采用离子束溅射技术制备出TiO2/ITO、Zn2+掺杂的TiO2(TiO2-Zn)/ITO和TiO2/ZnO/ITO薄膜,采用表面敏化技术和旋转涂膜法,制备出(1,10-邻菲咯啉)2-2-(2-吡啶基)苯咪唑钌混配配合物(Rup2P)表面敏化的TiO2基复合薄膜Rup2P/TiO2/ITO、Rup2P/TiO2-Zn/ITO和Rup2P/TiO2/ZnO/ITO.表面光电压谱(SPS)结果发现:敏化后的TiO2基薄膜在可见区(400-600nm)产生SPS响应;TiO2基薄膜的能带结构不同,其在400-600nm和350nm处的SPS响应的峰高比不同.利用电场诱导表面光电压谱(EFISPS),测定TiO2基薄膜和表面敏化TiO2基复合薄膜各种物理参数,并确定其能带结构.分析可知,表面敏化TiO2基复合薄膜在400-600nm的SPS响应峰主要源于Rup2P分子的中心离子Ru4d能级到配体1,10-邻菲咯啉π*1和2-(2-吡啶基)苯咪唑π*2能级的跃迁;TiO2中Zn2+掺杂能级有利于Ru4d能级到配体π*1和π*2跃迁的光生电子向TiO2-Zn导带的注入;TiO2/ZnO异质结构有利于光生电子向ITO表面的转移,从而导致可见光(400-600nm)SPS响应增强以及光电转换效率的提高.     

衬底温度对ZnO薄膜生长过程和微结构的影响

从原子尺度上去研究薄膜生长过程中温度对薄膜取向性、缺陷结构以及薄膜完整性的影响和作用规律, 对于解释薄膜生长的物理本质、控制生长条件、提高薄膜制备的质量具有重要意义. 本文应用基于反应力场的分子动力学方法研究了ZnO薄膜(000l)表面作为衬底的薄膜沉积生长过程, 初步讨论了衬底温度(200、500和800 K)变化对沉积较薄ZnO膜质量的影响, 部分结果与实验观察相符. 结果表明, 衬底温度在500 K左右时, 沉积原子结构径向分布函数曲线特征峰尖锐、明显, 有序度较高, 注入和溅射对薄膜完整性影响较小, 沉积形成的薄膜结构稳定而又致密. 在预置衬底表面平坦的情况下薄膜呈现一种链岛状的生长模式, 每原子层均具有两种生长取向, 导致其生长前锋交汇处形成了一种新的有序缺陷.     

P3HT修饰一维有序壳核式CdS/ZnO纳米棒阵列复合膜的光电化学性能

采用电化学方法在铟锡氧化物(ITO)导电玻璃上制备了高度有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列, 在ZnO纳米棒阵列上先后电化学沉积CdS纳米晶膜及聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)薄膜得到P3HT修饰的一维有序壳核式CdS/ZnO纳米阵列结构, 并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能量散射X射线(EDX)等表征手段证实了该结构的形成. 以此纳米结构薄膜为光阳极组装新型半导体敏化太阳电池, 研究了CdS纳米晶膜的厚度和P3HT薄膜的沉积对电池光伏性能的影响, 初步探讨了电荷在电池结构中的传输机理, 结果表明, CdS纳米晶膜和P3HT薄膜的沉积有效地拓宽了光阳极的光吸收范围, 实验中电池的光电转换效率最高达到1.08%.     

A study on electrodeposited of ZnO/ZnS heterostructures

ZnO/ZnS heterostructures were synthesized by a two steps electrochemical deposition method. Firstly, ZnS layer was deposited from an aqueous solution containing Na₂S₂O₃ and ZnSO₄ onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) coating glass substrate at two deposition potentials. Then, ZnO nanostructures were deposited from an aqueous solution of Zn(NO₃) onto ZnS surface. The as-obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and UV-visible analysis. The results indicate that the electrodeposition of ZnS layer at ?0.9 V give the best proprieties of ZnO/ZnS heterostructures. Homogeneous and uniform surface of ZnO/ZnS heterostructure was confirmed by AFM images. The XRD patterns indicates a high crystallinity of ZnO/ZnS. A high transmittance of 65% was also noted from UV-Visible spectra and band gap energy as large as 3.6?eV was found.     

ZnO纳米线阵列的电沉积法制备及表征(英文)

利用直流电沉积方法在多孔氧化铝模板的孔洞中生成锌纳米线,在氧气氛围中,于800°C下氧化2h,将氧化铝中的锌氧化成氧化锌.本研究利用氧气氛围进行锌的氧化,大大提高了传统方法的氧化锌纳米线的制备效率.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其形貌及成分进行表征和分析,结果表明,氧化铝模板的有序孔洞中填充了大尺寸、均匀连续的多晶态氧化锌纳米线.纳米线具有约1000:1的高纵横比,其长度等于氧化铝模板的厚度,直径约为80nm.光致发光(PL)光谱表明,氧化锌纳米线在504nm处有由于氧空位引起的较强蓝绿光发射.这为进一步研究ZnO/AAO组装体发学性质和开发新型功能器件提供了基础.     

Ti基ZnO纳米棒阵列的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用两电极体系中恒电流电沉积在Ti基底上制得较均一的ZnO纳米棒阵列,利用SEM和XRD观察表征样品,研究Zn(NO₃)₂浓度及电流密度对ZnO纳米棒阵列微观形貌的影响. 以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察该电极光催化性能. 结果表明,Zn(NO₃)₂浓度和电流密度对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响;与ITO玻璃等其他基底相比,在Ti基底上也可沉积较好均一取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列;紫外灯照射下,ZnO/Ti电极对甲基橙（10 mg·L^-1）模拟印染废水降解2.5 h,降解率达到83.3%,光催化活性较佳;无光照时ZnO纳米棒的降解率仅7%.     

Electrochemical reduction of O2 in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid containing Zn2+ cations: deposition of non-polar oriented ZnO nanocrystalline films

The influence of the Zn(2+) concentration and temperature on the electrochemical reduction of O(2) in a solution of zinc bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Zn(TFSI)(2)) salt in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR(14)TFSI) ionic liquid is presented. ZnO nanocrystalline films were then electrodeposited, under enhanced O(2) reduction, at temperatures in the 75-150 °C range. Their morphology, chemical composition, structural and optical properties were analyzed. In contrast to the polar-oriented ZnO usually obtained from aqueous and conventional solvent based electrolytes, nanocrystalline films oriented along non-polar directions, (11 ?10) and (11 ?20), were obtained from this ionic liquid electrolyte. A significant content of carbon was detected in the films, pointing to the active participation and crucial effect of pyrrolidinium cation (and/or byproducts) during the electrodeposition. The films showed semiconducting behavior with an optical gap between 3.43 and 3.53 eV as measured by optical transmittance. Their room temperature photoluminescence spectra exhibited two different bands centered at ～3.4 and ～2.2 eV. The intensity ratio between both bands was found to depend on the deposition temperature. This work demonstrates the great potential of ionic liquids based electrolytes for the electrodeposition of ZnO nanocrystalline thin films with innovative microstructural and optoelectronic properties.     

Annealed Ti/Zn-TiO2 nanocomposites tested as photoanodes for the degradation of Ibuprofen

Ti/Zn-TiO₂ electrodes were successfully prepared by the co-deposition method, on a titanium substrate, using an acidic zinc sulphate solution with TiO₂ nanoparticles in suspension. After electrodeposition, samples were heated in air at 450?°C for 6?h. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the deposits point to the metal matrix modification from Zn to ZnO. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy results indicate that the films have a high surface area with a rich morphology, due to the appearance of ZnO needle-shaped grains. The voltammograms recorded, in Na₂SO₄ solution, for these electrodes under illumination at λ?=?365?nm confirmed the films photoactivity. Photoelectrochemical degradation of Ibuprofen (Ibu) was achieved with the Zn-TiO₂ electrodes after thermal treatment. UV–Vis spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) measurements were performed and data demonstrated that Ibuprofen was efficiently degraded. Absorbance at 220?nm, COD and TOC removals of 35%, 34% and 23%, respectively, were obtained after a 3 h period.     

Sb2S3纳米粒子修饰ZnO纳米片微纳分级结构的光电化学性能

采用恒电位方法,选择氯化钾和乙二胺(EDA)为添加剂,在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃上制备了高度有序的ZnO纳米片阵列,通过二次电沉积得到了ZnO纳米片上生长纳米棒的微纳分级结构.利用化学浴沉积法在ZnO基底上沉积Sb₂S₃纳米粒子制备出了Sb₂S₃/ZnO纳米片壳核结构和Sb₂S₃/ZnO微纳分级壳核结构.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、瞬态光电流等对其形貌、结构组成和光电化学性能进行了表征和分析.结果表明, Sb₂S₃/ZnO纳米片上生长纳米棒分级壳核结构的光电流明显高于Sb₂S₃/ZnO纳米片壳核结构.在Sb₂S₃/ZnO纳米片壳核结构和Sb₂S₃/ZnO微纳分级壳核结构的基础上旋涂一层P3HT薄膜形成P3HT/Sb₂S₃/ZnO复合结构,以上述复合结构薄膜为光活性层组装成杂化太阳电池,其中, P3HT/Sb₂S₃/ZnO分级壳核结构杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率最高,达到了0.81%.     

Electrochemical synthesis of ZnO nanorods/porous silicon composites and their gas-sensing properties at room temperature

The zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods with different aspect ratio (length/diameter) were grown directly on the porous silicon (PS) substrate through electrochemical synthesis. The obtained ZnO nanorods/PS products were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and gas-sensing test. Comparative study shows that the addition of nonionic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into oxygenated zinc chloride electrolyte can modulate the crystal growth and the aspect ratio of ZnO nanorods from electrodeposition, thus, influence the gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanorods/PS composites. With appropriate amount of PVP in the electrolyte, the product possessing high-density and large aspect ratio ZnO nanorods has an obvious improvement of the NO₂-sensing performances with high sensitivity, fast response-recovery characteristic, and good repeatability and selectivity. The gas-sensing mechanism was discussed in the paper. The result indicated that the heterojunction effect of ZnO nanorods and PS may be responsible for the excellent gas-sensing properties.     

Solvent-Free Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by a Simple Thermal Decomposition Method

This paper reports on a novel processing route for producing ZnO nanoparticles by solid-state thermal decomposition of zinc(II) acetate nanostructures obtained by the sublimation of zinc(II) acetate powder. The sublimation process of the Zn(OAc)₂ powder was carried out in the temperature 150 °C for 2 h. In addition, nanoparticles of ZnO were obtained by solid-state thermal decomposition of the synthesized Zn(OAc)₂ nanostructures. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The sublimation process of the Zn(OAc)₂ powder was carried out within the range of 150–180 °C. The XRD studies indicated the production of pure hexagonal ZnO nanoparticles after thermal decomposition.     

电沉积ZnO纳米棒阵列膜制备及其透光性能研究

应用阴极恒电流电沉积法,以ZnC l2水溶液为电解液,在经预处理的ITO导电玻璃上制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及透射光谱等测试表明,ZnO纳米棒阵列具有c轴高度择优取向,呈六方纤锌矿结构.当入射光波长大于380 nm时,ZnO纳米棒阵列的透光率大于95%,并且禁带宽度变窄.