超导量子比特的耦合研究进展

超导量子比特以其在可控性、低损耗以及可扩展性等方面的优势被认为是最有希望实现量子计算机的固态方式之一.量子比特之间的相干可控耦合是实现大规模的量子计算的必要条件.本文介绍了超导量子比特耦合方式的研究进展,包括利用电容或电感实现量子比特的局域耦合,着重介绍一维传输线谐振腔作为量子总线实现多个量子比特的可控耦合的电路量子电动力学体系,并对最新的三维腔与超导量子比特的耦合结构的研究进展进行了论述.对各种耦合体系的哈密顿量进行了比较详细的分析,并按照局域性和可控性对不同耦合机制进行了分类.     

Quantum entanglement and control in a capacitively coupled charge qubit circuit

The macroscopic quantum entanglement in capacitively coupled SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device)-based charge qubits is investigated theoretically. The entanglement characteristic is discussed by employing the quantum Rabi oscillations and the concurrence. An interesting conclusion is obtained, i.e., the magnetic fluxes Ф_x1 and Ф_x2 through the superconducting loops can adjust the entanglement degree between the qubits.     

Quantum information processing with atoms and cavities

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) experiments realize the simplest matter–field system: a single atom coupled to a single field mode containing only a few photons. On the one hand, these experiments can be used to test fundamental features of the quantum world. On the other hand, they implement elementary quantum logic components: qubits and quantum gates. We present here a review of the CQED experiments performed at Ecole Normale Supérieure with circular Rydberg atoms and superconducting millimeter-wave cavities.     

Quantum computation and simulation with superconducting qubits

Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for the implementation of scalable quantum computers. This review presents the basic principles of superconducting qubits and shows the progress of quantum computing and quantum simulation based on superconducting qubits in recent years.The experimental realization of gate operations, readout, error correction codes, as well as some quantum algorithms are summarized, followed by an introduction of quantum simulation. And then some important applications in fields including condensed matter physics, quantum annealing, and quantum chemistry are discussed.     

基于两原子同时和腔场共振作用制备两原子纠缠态的腔QED方案(英文)

我们提出了一个将两个远离的原子制备成纠缠态的腔QED方案,该方案基于两个原子同时和一个腔场发生共振作用.在这个方案里,我们利用一个事先制备好的纠缠态将另外两个分离的原子制备成纠缠态.该方案仅包含两个原子和腔场的共振相互作用,不需要用腔场存储量子信息,并且原子和腔场作用时间极短.因此,我们的方案基于目前的腔QED技术是可以实现的.     

在腔耦合的超导量子比特中实现几何量子信息处理

用量子空腔耦合的超导电荷比特器件被认为是实现量子信息处理的相当有希望的体系之一.如何在这种可集成的量子体系中实现高保真度的操作是量子信息处理领域的重要课题.文章介绍作者最近提出的在量子腔耦合的超导量子比特中用具有内禀容错功能的几何操作来实现普适量子逻辑门,产生多比特量子纠缠及实现量子纠错编码的一个可行方案.     

Distributed quantum computation with superconducting qubit via LC circuit using dressed states

A scheme is proposed where two superconducting qubits driven by a classical field interacting separately with two distant LC circuits connected by another LC circuit through mutual inductance,are used for implementing quantum gates.By using dressed states,quantum state transfer and quantum entangling gate can be implemented.With the help of the time-dependent electromagnetic field,any two dressed qubits can be selectively coupled to the data bus (the last LC circuit),then quantum state can be transferred from one dressed qubit to another and multi-mode entangled state can also be formed.As a result,the promising perspectives for quantum information processing of mesoscopic superconducting qubits are obtained and the distributed and scalable quantum computation can be implemented in this scheme.     

Structure formation of entanglement entropy in a system of two superconducting qubits coupled with an LC-resonator

This paper investigates theoretically the evolutions of the entanglement entropy of a system of two coupled-charge-qubits interacting with an LC-resonator.It is found that when the initial states of the two qubits are prepared in a given superposition excited state,the evolution of the von Neumann entropy of the system depends significantly on the coupling strength between the two Josephson charge qubits.With the variation of the coupling strength,the evolution of the entanglement entropy of the system forms some structures,especially the periodically bistable properties,which are the first discovered for such a system to our knowledge.It is found that the relative entropy entanglement of the system is also sensitive to the variation of the coupling strength between the two charge qubits,some novel ’collective oscillations’ of the relative entropy are found for the system.     

Quantum frequency doubling based on tripartite entanglement with cavities

We analyze the entanglement characteristics of three harmonic modes,which are the output fields from three cavities with an input tripartite entangled state at fundamental frequency.The entanglement properties of the input beams can be maintained after their frequencies have been up-converted by the process of second harmonic generation.We have calculated the parametric dependences of the correlation spectrum on the initial squeezing factor,the pump power,the transmission coefficient,and the normalized analysis frequency of cavity.The numerical results provide references to choose proper experimental parameters for designing the experiment.The frequency conversion of the multipartite entangled state can also be applied to a quantum communication network.     

Quantum discord dynamics of two qubits in single-mode cavities

The dynamics of quantum discord for two identical qubits in two independent single-mode cavities and a common single-mode cavity are discussed. For the initial Bell state with correlated spins, while the entanglement sudden death can occur, the quantum discord vanishes only at discrete moments in the independent cavities and never vanishes in the common cavity. Interestingly, quantum discord and entanglement show opposite behavior in the common cavity, unlike in the independent cavities. For the initial Bell state with anti-correlated spins, quantum discord and entanglement behave in the same way for both independent cavities and a common cavity. It is found that the detunings always stabilize the quantum discord.     

Continuous variable entanglement generation in coupled cavities

We investigate continuous variable entanglement produced in two distant coupled cavities, in which two four-level atoms are driven by classical fields respectively. Under the large detuning condition, an effective Hamiltonian containing the square of the creation (annihilation) operator of the cavity field is derived. Due to the nonlinearity, entanglement formally created by the beam splitter type interaction is transformed into the nondegenerate parametric down conversion type. Employing the operator algebraic method, we study the time evolution of the entanglement condition, and show that the system provides us an advantage in achieving a larger photon number with better entanglement. We also discuss the dissipation of the cavities affecting the entanglement.     

利用热平衡态超导电荷量子比特实现量子隐形传态

本文利用处于热平衡态的两个相同超导电荷量子比特纠缠态作为量子隐形传态的信道,给出标准量子隐形传态协议下传递单量子比特态和两量子比特态的纠缠以及非标准协议下传递单量子比特态时平均保真度的解析表达式,研究其随温度、约瑟夫森能等系统参数的变化情况．计算结果表明,在标准量子隐形传态协议下传递两量子比特之间的纠缠以及非标准量子隐形传态协议下传递单量子比特态时可以实现接近理想的量子隐形传态．     

Environment induced quantum Zeno effect in coupled microwave cavities

We model a feasible experiment involving two interacting microwave cavities with very different quality factors. An excitation is initially present in the high Q cavity. Modeling the environment as linearly coupled oscillators, we find a Zeno-like behavior which should occur when the dissipation constant is large enough as compared to the unitary coupling.     

One-step generation of qutrit entanglement via adiabatic passage in cavity quantum electrodynamics

A scheme is proposed for generating a three-dimensional entangled state for two atoms trapped in a cavity by one step via adiabatic passage. In the scheme, the two atoms are always in ground states and the field mode of the cavity excited is negligible under a certain condition. Therefore, the scheme is very robust against decoherence. Furthermore, it needs neither the exact control of all parameters nor the accurate control of the interaction time. It is shown that qutrit entanglement can be generated with a high fidelity.     

Decoherence-free spin entanglement generation and purification in nanowire double quantum dots

We propose a deterministic generation and purification of decoherence-free spin entangled states with singlet-triplet spins in nanowire double quantum dots via resonator-assisted charge manipulation and measurement techniques. Each spin qubit corresponds to two electrons in a double quantum dot in the nanowire, with the singlet and one of the triplets as the decoherence-free qubit states. The logical qubits are immunized against the dominant source of decoherence-dephasing—while the influences of additional errors are shown by numerical simulations. We analyse the performance and stability of all required operations and emphasize that all techniques are feasible in current experimental conditions.     

腔量子电动力学系统中耦合三原子的纠缠特性

研究了三个全同二能级原子与单模腔相互作用系统中原子间的三体纠缠特性.考虑原子间存在相互耦合,并且腔场处于弱相干态的情况,通过数值计算给出了纠缠量的演化曲线,讨论了原子间耦合强度和弱相干场强度对三体纠缠的影响.研究结果表明:随弱相干场强度增强,原子间的三体纠缠增强;相反,随原子间耦合系数增大,原子间三体纠缠减弱.     

电子自旋辅助实现光子偏振态的量子纠缠浓缩

量子纠缠浓缩可以将非最大的纠缠态转变为最大纠缠态,提高量子通信的安全性.本文基于圆偏振光和量子点-腔系统的相互作用,用一个单光子作为连接远距离纠缠光子对的桥梁,在理想条件下实现了光子偏振纠缠态的浓缩.计算结果显示,这个纠缠浓缩方案在考虑耦合强度和腔泄漏的情况下也可以保持较高的保真度,而且不需要知道部分纠缠态的初始信息,也不必重复执行纠缠浓缩过程.这不仅提高了量子纠缠浓缩的安全性,也有助于通过消耗最少的量子资源来实现高效的量子信息处理.     

基于超导量子器件的量子计算

超导量子器件能够展现宏观量子相干性.基于超导量子器件的量子计算是量子信息领域中的一个重要研究方向,同时,超导量子器件物理特性的研究也是目前凝聚态物理和量子光学领域的交叉前沿课题.文章简述了近年来在超导量子计算方面的一些重要结果和进展,并讨论了其研究现状和发展趋势.     

三能级原子与耦合腔相互作用系统中的纠缠特性

采用Negativity熵来度量两个子系统间的纠缠,利用数值计算方法研究了简并Λ型三能级原子和简并V型三能级原子与耦合腔共振相互作用系统中原子之间、腔场之间和原子与腔场间的纠缠特性.给出了系统初始激发数为1时系统态矢的演化公式;讨论了腔场间的耦合系数变化对纠缠特性的影响.研究结果表明:随腔场间的耦合系数增大,原子间的纠缠增强,腔场间的纠缠减弱.     

Programmable quantum processor implemented with superconducting circuit

A quantum processor might execute certain computational tasks exponentially faster than a classical processor. Here, using superconducting quantum circuits we design a powerful universal quantum processor with the structure of symmetric all-to-all capacitive connection. We present the Hamiltonian and use it to demonstrate a full set of qubit operations needed in the programmable universal quantum computations. With the device the unwanted crosstalk and ZZ-type couplings between qubits can be effectively suppressed by tuning gate voltages, and the design allows efficient and high-quality couplings of qubits. Within available technology,the scheme may enable a practical programmable universal quantum computer.