Effect of atomic initial phase difference on spontaneous emission of an atom embedded in photonic crystal

<正>We investigate the effect of initial phase difference between the two excited states of a V-type three-level atom on its steady state behaviour of spontaneous emission.A modified density of modes is introduced to calculate the spontaneous emission spectra in photonic crystal.Spectra in free space are also shown to compare with that in photonic crystal with different relative positions of the excited levels from upper band-edge frequency.It is found that the initial phase difference plays an important role in the quantum interference property between the two decay channels.For a zero initial phase,destructive property is presented in the spectra.With the increase of initial phase difference,quantum interference between the two decay channels from upper levels to ground level turns to be constructive.Furthermore, we give an interpretation for the property of these spectra.     

Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity via quantum interference from spontaneous emission

A novel atom configuration is proposed for a giant Kerr nonlinearity in zero linear and nonlinear probe absorption. It is shown that without coherent control field and just by quantum interference of spontaneous emission, a giant Kerr nonlinearity can be obtained.     

Microwave control of spontaneous emission of a driven four-level atom in photonic crystals

We study the coherent control of spontaneous emission of a double-driven four-level atom embedded in photonic crystals. Combined effect of different relative locations between the upper band edge and the two upper levels and the phase of microwave coupling field is discussed. It is shown that quantum interference effect such as laser-induced dark line depends strongly on the phase of microwave field.     

Disentanglement of atom-photon via quantum interference in driven three-level atoms

In this paper, the effect of quantum interference on the entanglement of a driven V-type three-level atom and its spontaneous emission field was investigated by using the quantum entropy. The results indicate that, in the absence of quantum interference the atom and its spontaneous emission field are always entangled at the steady-state. But, in the presence of full quantum interference their steady-state entanglement depends on the atomic parameters. Specifically, with appropriate atomic parameters they can be entangled or disentangled at the steady-state. We realized that the steady-state entanglement is due to completely destructive nature of quantum interference. On the contrary, the steady-state disentanglement is due to instructive nature of quantum interference.     

A Decoherence-Reduction Scheme by Waveguides in Quantum Information Processing

Based on the result of cavity quantum electrodynamics, we suggest a method, in which the Fabry-Perot cavity or the confocal cavity is replaced by a waveguide with the size comparable to the wavelength of the photon, to reduce decoherence caused by spontaneous emission in quantum information processing, especially in the realization of quantum computation. Since a waveguide has a lowest cutoff frequency while a Fabry-Perot cavity or a confocal cavity has none, the spontaneous emission of excited atoms will be forbidden in an ideal waveguide with an appropriate size. To avoid the influence of the non-ideal conducting walls on the atom in a realistic waveguide, which will lead to decoherence, we suggest that the waveguide should be coated by a thin film of transparent insulating medium. In our method, the quantum information is represented by a multi-level atom or molecule; any two of its levels can be used to represent a qubit in principle. Our method greatly extends the choice of the material to be used in the realization of quantum computation, and it can be used in most schemes to reduce the decoherence caused by spontaneous emission.     

Coherent control of quantum entropy via quantum interference in a four-level N-type atomic system

The time evaluation of quantum entropy in a four-level N-type atomic system is theoretically investigated. Quantum entanglement of the atom and its spontaneous emission fields is then discussed via quantum entropy. It is found that the degree of entanglement can be increased by the quantum interference induced by spontaneous emission. The phase dependence of the atom-field entanglement is also presented.     

二能级原子与高品质因子腔的自发辐射特性

用全量子理论研究二能级原子单模腔耦合系统,通过理论推导和数值计算得出系统的自发辐射光谱和平均粒子数密度.共振时腔与原子的发射光谱在强耦合与弱耦合区域有所不同,腔发射光谱分裂只出现于强耦合区域,而原子发射光谱由于腔感应透明效应在弱耦合区域出现了缺口.本文系统地研究了原子与腔在失谐时的发射光谱,在好腔机理(腔线宽小于原子线宽g)原子与腔即使在大失谐时腔发射出腔频率的光子,这给当前实验上困惑的特性提供了一个理论依据.为了给腔感应透明效应一个新的深入了解,还研究了原子与腔平均粒子数密度随时间的演化,以及平均粒子数密度与光强度之间的关系. 关键词： 自发辐射 强耦合 腔感应透明 好腔机理     

光腔中两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的受激辐射特性和量子相变

研究了单模光腔中两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的基态性质和相关的量子相变.通过利用自旋相干态变换将等效赝自旋哈密顿算符对角化并求得基态能量泛函.基态能量泛函对其经典场变量进行变分并取极小值,得到光子数解和相边界曲线.通过稳定性讨论发现系统除了出现正常相和超辐射相之外,还得到了多稳的宏观量子态;受激辐射来自于原子数反转的集体态,单组分的Dicke系统中并没有此现象;受激辐射只能从一组分的原子中产生,而另外的仍保持在普通超辐射状态.通过调整相关的原子-场耦合强度和频率失谐,超辐射和受激辐射态的顺序可以在原子的两个组分之间互换.     

左手性材料对V形三能级原子光谱的影响

本文研究了左手性材料板附近V形三能级原子的动力学演化及辐射光谱特性. 主要考虑了从两上能级向下能级跃迁的电偶极矩相互垂直的情形, 探讨了原子初始状态对辐射光谱的影响. 研究结果表明, 左手材料的反聚焦和相位补偿效应所引发的间接量子干涉, 导致两上能级的原子布居数相互影响, 原子在上能级的寿命明显增长或缩短, 并造成了谱线变窄或展宽.     

低频强场作用下三维光子晶体中二能级原子的自发辐射性质

研究了处于三维光子晶体中，且在强相干的低频场的驱动下的单个二能级原子的自发辐射性质.由于低频场的影响，使得原子产生了在跃迁过程中吸收或发射一个低频光子的衰减渠道.这些跃迁导致了自发辐射的量子干涉，再加上光子晶体能带带边的作用，自发辐射被显著抑制.原子的布居俘获依赖于原子上能级与能带带边的相对位置，低频场的频率和原子不同跃迁通道间的相对跃迁强度. 关键词： 光子晶体 二能级原子 自发辐射     

Modified spontaneous emission spectra of a three-level V-type atom in photonic crystals

We introduce a modified density of modes to investigate the spontaneous emission spectrum of a three-level V-type atom in photonic crystal using Laplace transform. The atom’s steady state behavior of spontaneous emission is treated for different locations of the upper band-edge frequency. Furthermore; the influence of quantum interference between the two decay channels on spontaneous emission is discussed.     

Nonperturbative analysis of spontaneous emission in one dimensional special photonic crystals

The retarded spontaneous emission (SpE) process of a two-level atom embedded in realistic one dimensional photonic crystals (1DPC) is investigated with the quantum nonperturbative theory. The atomic transient decay is divided into two processes: the first comes from the natural decay to free space and the second is induced by the reflected field emitted from the atom itself. Due to the multi-reflection in the multi-layer structure, the correct delay time of the induced decay process is hard to calculate in the usual ways. However with the special but practical 1DPC provided, we give the analytic result of the atomic dynamic decay in 1DPC. Our result gives a clear picture to show the process which the atom feels the surrounding.     

Models of the Dynamics of Spatially Separated Broadband Electromagnetic Fields Interacting with Resonant Atoms

The Markov model of spontaneous emission of an atom localized in a spatial region with a broadband electromagnetic field with zero photon density is considered in the conditions of coupling of the electromagnetic field with the broadband field of a neighboring space. The evolution operator of the system and the kinetic equation for the atom are obtained. It is shown that the field coupling constant affects the rate of spontaneous emission of the atom, but is not manifested in the atomic frequency shift. The analytic expression for the radiative decay constant for the atom is found to be analogous in a certain sense to the expression for the decay constant for a singly excited localized ensemble of identical atoms in the conditions when the effect of stabilization of its excited state by the Stark interaction with the vacuum broadband electromagnetic field is manifested. The model is formulated based on quantum stochastic differential equations of the non- Wiener type and the generalized algebra of the Ito differential of quantum random processes.     

Controlling spontaneous emission in a driven M-type atom by low-frequency coherence

We have studied the spontaneous emission behaviour in a five-level M-type atom driven by two optical fields of high frequencies and a microwave field of low-frequency. In absence of non-orthogonal decaying pathways, due to microwave field induced low-frequency coherence, the present model produces the emission spectrum resembling that of a three-level system controlled by the effect of vacuum induced decay-interference. For particular sets of values of the Rabi frequencies of the resonant coherent fields, the system exhibits quantum interference induced switching effect. By using this model, we have shown that the phenomenon of narrowing can be induced in the emission peaks without any detuning and phase control of the coherent fields. With the increase in the value of the Rabi frequency of the microwave field, this feature will be accompanied by the peak-compression and -repulsion effect. When the coherent fields are far from resonance, the appearance of the single-photon and the two-photon peaks in the emission spectrum can be easily controlled by changing the value of the Rabi frequency of the microwave field. We have shown the appearance of multiple dark regions in the emission line shape for equal as well as unequal decay rates of two emission pathways. Other interesting phenomena like elimination, enhancement and suppression of spectral line are also explored in various resonant and non-resonant cases.     

自发发射与量子计算机存储单元的相干脱散

量子计算机存储单元的相干脱散，破坏量子态中的信息，是量子计算机难以实现的主要原因之一．本文在Rzazewski的工作基础上，针对两能级原子构造的存储单元，研究自发发射对存储单元相干脱散的影响 关键词：     

压缩真空中的三能级原子的自发辐射

对压缩真空与Ｖ型三能级原子的相互作用作了理论分析,探讨了量子干涉效应对压缩真空中原子自发辐射的影响。当原子的上能级简并时强的量子干涉效应影响原子的定态和定态出射光谱,使它们对原子的初态敏感。这种情况下,压缩使谱线趋于关于压缩真空中心频率对称,量子干涉使谱线趋于不对称。     

驱动场对光子晶体中原子自发辐射的影响

文章讨论了在驱动场作用下, 三能级原子在光子晶体中的自发辐射问题.由于量子干涉和光的局域化作用,两个上能级中的布居数将具有周期振荡或准周期振荡的性质,这不仅与两个上能级与禁带的相对位置有关,同时也与原子的初始状态有关.驱动场的强度和入射位相也能控制光子晶体中三能级原子的自发辐射.     

The influence of spontaneously generated coherence on atom-photon entanglement in a Λ-type system with an incoherent pump

Owing to interference induced by spontaneous emission, the density-matrix equations in a three-level Λ-type system have an additional coherence term, which plays a critical role in modulating the inversionless gain and electromagnetically induced transparency effect. In addition, it is shown that spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) has an effect on the entanglement between an atom and a photon of the coupling laser field by calculating the degree of entanglement (DEM) of the atomic system. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the SGC effect on atom-photon entanglement in a Λ-type system, which generally remains a high entangled state. When an incoherent pump source is introduced, we find that the SGC effect could exert considerable influence on the atom reduced entropy under certain conditions for both transient and steady states. More interestingly, such an incoherent pump field could actively affect the short-time dynamic behaviors of the transient quantum entangled state at a certain range of pump rate as a typical coherent case.     

Control of spontaneous emission from an RF-driven five-level atom in an anisotropic double-band photonic-band-gap reservoir

The control of spontaneous emission from an radio-frequency (RF)-driven five-level atom embedded in a three-dimensional photonic crystal is investigated by considering the anisotropic double-band photonic-band-gap (PBG) reservoir. It is shown that, due to the coexistence of the PBG and the quantum interference effect induced by the RF-driven field, some interesting features, such as the spectral-line narrowing, the spectral-line enhancement, the spectral-line suppression and the occurrence of a dark line in spontaneous emission, can be realized by adjusting system parameters under the experimentally available parameter conditions. The proposed scheme can be achieved by use of an RF-driven field into hyperfine levels in rubidium atom confined in a photonic crystal. These theoretical investigations may provide more degrees of freedom to vary the spontaneous emission.     

驱动场作用下光子晶体中三能级原子的自发发射

讨论了在双光子驱动场作用下,三能级原子在光子晶体中的自发发射问题．由于量子干涉和光的局域化作用,两个上能级中的占据数将具有周期振荡或准周期振荡的性质,这不仅依赖于两个上能级与禁带的相对位置,同时也依赖于原子的初始状态,而且还与驱动场的强度、驱动场的入射位相有关．这些性质既与真空中带有驱动场的原子的自发发射性质不同,也有别于无驱动场作用下光子晶体中三能级原子的自发发射性质． 关键词：