Measurement-Based Hyperentanglement Distillation for Lossy and Distortion Photon State

The information content of a photon system can be extended by hyperentanglement, but the quality of hyperentanglement will be decreased by the complicated transmission loss and channel noise in quantum information processing. Here, an efficient measurement-based hyperentanglement distillation protocol (MB-HDP) is presented for depressing the effects of complicated transmission loss and channel noise on hyperentanglement. In the MB-HDP, the nonlocal lossy and distortion photon states are coupled to local hyperentangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states using parity measurement and qubit amplification device, and the decoherence caused by bit-flip (phase-flip) error, diverse transmission coefficients and transmission loss can be depressed by the successful measurement results, which can increase the quality of nonlocal hyperentangled photon state. This MB-HDP broadens the application scope of hyperentanglement distillation to nonlocal lossy and distortion photon state with a lower degree of entanglement. In addition, the MB-HDP can further improve the quality of nonlocal hyperentangled photon state by coupling multiple copies of lossy and distortion hyperentangled photon state with local hyperentangled GHZ states. This work demonstrates the ability of measurement-based method for ensuring the quality of nonlocal hyperentanglement, which can improve the integrity and capacity of long-distance quantum information processing.     

基于单光子态自避错传输的量子安全直接通信协议

量子安全直接通信(Quantum secure direct communication,QSDC)是一种预先不需要建立共享秘钥而直接传输秘密信息的协议.针对信道中联合噪声的存在,提出一种基于单光子态自避错传输的量子安全直接通信协议.研究结果表明,该方案有效地避免了联合噪声对传输信息的影响,使接收方得到原未知量子态的成功率可趋近于100％,大大提高了量子态传输的保真度.该方案实验操作简单,有很高的学术研究和应用价值.     

Secure deterministic communication in a quantum loss channel using quantum error correction code

The loss of a quantum channel leads to an irretrievable particle loss as well as information. In this paper, the loss of quantum channel is analysed and a method is put forward to recover the particle and information loss effectively using universal quantum error correction. Then a secure direct communication scheme is proposed, such that in a loss channel the information that an eavesdropper can obtain would be limited to arbitrarily small when the code is properly chosen and the correction operation is properly arranged.     

单模费米热噪声信道量子容量的估计

从量子信道的算符求和表象出发,对单模费米系统量子信道进行了参数化.参数化的结果得到另一类费米热噪声量子信道.给出了两类费米热噪声量子信道上相干信息的最大值,以估计信道的量子容量. 关键词： 量子容量 相干信息 费米热噪声信道     

A Novel Quantum Covert Channel Protocol Based on Any Quantum Secure Direct Communication Scheme

By analyzing the basic properties of unitary transformations used in a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol, we show the main idea why a covert channel can be established within any QSDC channel which employs unitary transformations to encode information. On the basis of the fact that the unitary transformations used in a QSDC protocol are secret and independent, a novel quantum covert channel protocol is proposed to transfer secret messages with unconditional security. The performance, including the imperceptibility, capacity and security of the proposed protocol are analyzed in detail.     

Deterministic separation of arbitrary photon pair states in integrated quantum circuits

Entangled photon pairs must often be spatially separated for their subsequent manipulation in integrated quantum circuits. Separation that is both deterministic and universal can in principle be achieved through anti‐coalescent two‐photon quantum interference. However, such interference‐facilitated pair separation (IFPS) has not been extensively studied in the integrated setting, which has important implications on performance. This work provides a detailed review of IFPS and examines how integrated device dependencies such as dispersion impact separation fidelity and interference visibility. The analysis applies equally to both on‐chip and in‐fiber implementations. When coupler dispersion is present, the separation performance can depend on photon bandwidth, spectral entanglement and the dispersion. By design, reduction in the separation fidelity due to loss of non‐classical interference can be perfectly compensated for by classical wavelength demultiplexing effects. This work informs the design of devices for universal photon pair separation of states with tunable arbitrary properties.

     

用射线法计算柱形金属壁腔中光线传输的带宽与损耗

提出了一种适合在一些特定环境下做为光波传输手段的新颖光信道——利用金属壁腔传输信息。该信道适合于需要在两个不同实体间传输信息的特定结构中,首先提出了信道模型,然后讨论了不同结构参数对信道吸收损耗和带宽的影响,对所设计的具体信道的带宽和损耗进行了计算,并比较了不同金属镀层对损耗的影响。说明了合理选择信道参数信道可达到宽带宽低损耗的要求,因此该信道可运用于需在环型腔体中传输信息的结构中。     

Measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing with hyper-encoding

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a typical multi-party quantum communication mode, in which the key sender splits a key into several parts and the participants can obtain the key by cooperation. Measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing (MDI-QSS) is immune to all possible attacks from measurement devices and can greatly enhance QSS's security in practical applications. However, previous MDI-QSS's key generation rate is relatively low. Here, we adopt the polarization-spatial-mode hyper-encoding technology in the MDI-QSS, which can increase single photon's channel capacity. Meanwhile, we use the cross-Kerr nonlinearity to realize the complete hyper-entangled Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger state analysis. Both above factors can increase MDI-QSS's key generation rate by about 10³. The proposed hyper-encoded MDI-QSS protocol may be useful for future multiparity quantum communication applications.     

纠缠比特在不同噪声环境和信道下演化规律的实验研究

量子信息技术主要基于量子纠缠,量子纠缠源作为重要的相干叠加态,其相干性很容易受到环境的影响而变得非常脆弱,甚至导致量子信息处理的失败.因此,全面揭示不同噪声环境和不同噪声信道下量子纠缠源演化规律,进而探寻抑制退相干的方法就显得至关重要.本文以量子信息最基本的单元-两比特纠缠对作为研究对象,实验上利用线性光学系统模拟了比特翻转和相移噪声(集体和非集体),研究了纠缠源在不同噪声环境及单、双和混合噪声信道下保真度的变化规律.实验结果表明:对同一种噪声类型,当纠缠比特经过双通道噪声环境时,其纠缠特性破坏得快;当纠缠比特经过非集体环境时,其纠缠特性消失得快.对不同噪声类型比较,结果表明比特翻转噪声相对于相移噪声更容易破坏纠缠特性.所得结论对纠缠退相干的理论和实验研究具有重要的借鉴意义,同时对基于非线性光学系统的量子信息处理技术具有重要的应用价值.     

利用光纤中自发四波混频产生纠缠光子的实验装置

基于三阶非线性Kerr效应在光纤中产生非线性现象的理论,利用零色散位移光纤中的自发四波混频通过两种实验装置产生了纠缠光子：一种是采用脉冲光抽运由光纤构成的Sagnac光纤环;另一种是采用脉冲光直接抽运一段光纤.通过对不同装置下实验结果的比较,总结了产生高纯度纠缠光子所需的实验条件,并指出了两种装置各自的优缺点.这为研制适用于量子通信的全光纤纠缠光源和单光子源奠定了基础. 关键词： 纠缠光子 光纤 四波混频 量子通信     

Measurement-device-independent quantum secure direct communication

Quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)is a unique technique,which supports the secure transmission of confidential information directly through a quantum channel without the need for a secret key and for ciphertext.Hence this secure communication protocol fundamentally differs from its conventional counterparts.In this article,we report the first measurement-deviceindependent(MDI)QSDC protocol relying on sequences of entangled photon pairs and single photons.Explicitly,it eliminates the security loopholes associated with the measurement device.Additionally,this MDI technique is capable of doubling the communication distance of its conventional counterpart operating without using our MDI technique.We also conceive a protocol associated with linear optical Bell-basis measurements,where only two of the four Bell-basis states could be measured.When the number of qubits in a sequence reduces to 1,the MDI-QSDC protocol degenerates to a deterministic MDI quantum key distribution protocol.     

光纤中单光子传输方程的求解及分析

量子信息在光纤中传输时,会受到光纤损耗、色散、非线性效应等多因素的影响,将产生传输态的演化与能量转移.本文以单模光纤传输方程以及电磁场量子化理论为基础,对单模光纤中基模模场进行量子化处理,推导并建立了考虑损耗、色散、非线性效应后的单光子传输方程.基于微扰法对单光子非线性传输方程进行了求解,给出了稳定解存在的必要条件及其所满足的色散方程.深入讨论了广域光功率随微扰频率的变化关系,并且分析了光纤色散、非线性效应对解的影响.为量子光纤传输系统性能的深入研究奠定了理论基础.     

Internal cancellation of spikes using two avalanche photodiodes in series for single photon detection

<正>We propose a method of improving the performance of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes by using two avalanche photodiodes in series as single photon detectors for 1550-nm wavelength.In this method,the raw single photon avalanche signals are not attenuated,thus a high signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained compared with the existing results.The performance of the scheme is investigated and the ratio of the dark count rate to the detection efficiency is obtained to be 1.3×10~(-4) at 213 K.     

Performance of a superconducting single photon detector with nano-antenna

<正>The performance of single-photon detectors can be enhanced by using nano-antenna.The characteristics of the superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector with cavity plus anti-reflect coating and specially designed nanoantenna is analysed.The photon collection efficiency of the detector is enhanced without damaging the detector’s speed,thus getting rid of the dilemma of speed and efficiency.The characteristics of nano-antenna are discussed,such as the position and the effect of the active area,and the best result is given.The photon collection efficiency is increased by 92 times compared with that of existing detectors.     

一种基于分层的量子分组传输方案及性能分析

大规模量子通信网络中,采用量子分组传输技术能有效提升发送节点的吞吐量,提高网络中链路的利用率,增强通信的抗干扰性能.然而量子分组的快速传输与路由器性能息息相关.路由器性能瓶颈将严重影响网络的可扩展性和链路的传输效率.本文提出一种量子通信网络分层结构,并根据量子密集编码和量子隐形传态理论,给出一种基于分层的量子分组信息传输方案,实现端到端的量子信息传输.该方案先将量子分组按照目的地址进行聚类,再按聚类后的地址进行传输.仿真结果表明,基于分层的量子分组信息传输方案能够有效减少量子分组信息在量子通信网络中的传输时间,并且所减少的时间与量子路由器性能与发送的量子分组数量有关.因此,本文提出的量子分组信息传输方案适用于大规模量子通信网络的构建.     

Information leakage resistant quantum dialogue against collective noise

In this paper,two information leakage resistant quantum dialogue(QD)protocols over a collective-noise channel are proposed.Decoherence-free subspace(DFS)is used to erase the influence from two kinds of collective noise,i.e.,collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise,where each logical qubit is composed of two physical qubits and free from noise.In each of the two proposed protocols,the secret messages are encoded on the initial logical qubits via two composite unitary operations.Moreover,the single-photon measurements rather than the Bell-state measurements or the more complicated measurements are needed for decoding,making the two proposed protocols easier to implement.The initial state of each logical qubit is privately shared between the two authenticated users through the direct transmission of its auxiliary counterpart.Consequently,the information leakage problem is avoided in the two proposed protocols.Moreover,the detailed security analysis also shows that Eve’s several famous active attacks can be effectively overcome,such as the Trojan horse attack,the intercept-resend attack,the measure-resend attack,the entangle-measure attack and the correlation-elicitation(CE)attack.     

Unknown State Transmission Using GHZ States via Collective Noise Channel

Two protocols for transmitting an unknown single-photon state and an unknown non-maximally entangled EPR state are presented by using the quantum channel of three-phonton GHZ （Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger） state, which can be realized with unitary success probability when collective noise is taken into account. The protocols can also be generalized to transmit multi-photon state or to realize quantum communication in collective noise channel.     

Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Optimization

Quantum key distribution is a practically implementable cryptographic communication methodology from the hardware and software point of view. It is an information‐theoretic secure method for transmitting keys to remote partners practicing quantum communication. After examining various protocols from the most basic on, BBM92, DPSK, SARG04 and MDI (Measurement Device Independent) protocols are described in view of targeting the longest possible communication distance with the highest secret key bitrate. How any protocol can be optimized with respect to distance is discussed by analyzing the various steps impacting hardware and software that are developed, starting from the underlying assumptions proper to every protocol and ending with the corresponding performance in each case.     

Performance comparison between classical and quantum control for a simple quantum system

Brańczyk et al. pointed out that the quantum control scheme is superior to the classical control scheme for a simple quantum system using simulation [A.M. Brańczyk, P.E.M.F. Mendonca, A. Gilchrist, A.C. Doherty, S.D. Barlett, Quantum control theory of a single qubit, Physical Review A 75 (2007) 012329 or arXiv e-print quant-ph/0608037]. Here we rigorously prove the result. Furthermore we will show that any quantum operation does not universally “correct” the dephasing noise.