Investigation on the Cs 6S1/2 to 7D electric quadrupole transition via monochromatic two-photon process at 767 nm

We experimentally demonstrate the cesium electric quadrupole transition from the 6S_1/2 ground state to the 7D_3/2,5/2 excited state through a virtual level by using a single laser at 767 nm. The excited state energy level population is characterized by varying the laser power, the temperature of the vapor, and the polarization combinations of the laser beams. The optimized experimental parameters are obtained for a high resolution transition interval identification. The magnetic dipole coupling constant A and electric quadrupole coupling constant B for the 7D_3/2,5/2 states are precisely determined by using the hyperfine levels intervals. The results, A = 7.39 (0.06) MHz, B = −0.19 (0.18) MHz for the 7D_3/2 state, and A = −1.79 (0.05) MHz, B =1.05 (0.29) MHz for the 7D_5/2 state, are in good agreement with the previous reported results. This work is beneficial for the determination of atomic structure information and parity non-conservation, which paves the way for the field of precision measurements and atomic physics.     

LaF3∶Er,Yb纳米颗粒掺杂有机/无机杂化材料制备光波导放大器及特性研究

采用LaF₃∶Er,Yb纳米颗粒掺杂有机/无机杂化材料作为有源材料,制备了掩埋条形结构光波导放大器,研究了放大器在室温下的增益特性和波导中的频率上转换现象. 当抽运功率60 mW时,波导中明显可见绿色上转换发光,观测到Er³⁺从²H_9/2,²H_11/2,⁴S_3/2,⁴F_9/2到基态⁴I_15/2跃迁分别对应的4个波长分别为405?nm, 520?nm, 544?nm和650?nm的发射峰,分析了其产生机理. 当输入信号光06?mW,抽运功率160 mW时,在1535?nm波长处获得15 dB/cm的相对增益. 关键词： 光波导放大器 增益 上转换     

Eu3+/Dy3+共掺Sr3Y2(BO3)4荧光粉的发光性质研究

稀土掺杂发光材料一直是科研领域研究的热点,被广泛应用于白光LED、温度传感、显示显像、新能源和激光等领域。基质的结构对于稀土离子光致发光特性有非常重要的影响,在众多发光基质材料中,硼酸盐具有透光范围宽、光学损伤阈值高、较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性等优点。碱土-稀土金属硼酸盐Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄具有出色的光学性能,对其发光性能的研究具有重要意义。稀土离子Eu³⁺具4f⁶电子层,是一种典型的下转换发光中心离子,常被选作红色发光材料的激活剂。Dy³⁺具4f⁹电子层,也是一种典型的下转换发光中心离子,在紫外光激发下,在蓝色光区和橙色光区有较强的荧光发射。采用高温固相法合成了Sr₃Y₂(BO₃)₄∶Eu³⁺/Dy³⁺荧光粉,通过XRD和SEM对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,XRD结果表明,1 0...     

Demonstration of Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter with reflection configuration

A narrow linewidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter(FADOF)with reflection configuration is achieved for the first time based on the cesium(Cs)ground state 6S_1/2 to the excited state 6P_3/2 transition at 852 nm.Compared with the conventional FADOF with transmission configuration,reflection-type FADOF can greatly improve the transmittance of optical filter under the same experimental parameters,because it allows signal light to go and return through the atomic vapor cell.In our experiment,peak transmittance at Cs 6S_1/2 F=4-6P_3/2 transition is 81%for the reflection-type FADOF,and while 54%for the transmission-type FADOF when the temperature of Cs vapor cell and the axial magnetic field are 60℃and 19 G.The idea of this reflection-type FADOF design has the potential to be applied to the FADOF operating between two excited states to obtain higher transmittance.     

铯原子里德伯态精细结构测量

里德伯态光谱是测量里德伯态能级结构和中性原子间相互作用的常用技术手段,特别是高精度的里德伯光谱,可以测量室温原子气室中由偶极相互作用等导致的原子能级频移.在实验中利用反向的852 nm激光和509 nm激光实现了室温原子气室中铯原子6S_(1/2)—6P_(3/2)—57S(D)跃迁的级联双光子激发,实现了里德伯态原子的制备.基于阶梯型电磁诱导透明获得了铯原子里德伯态的高分辨光谱.实验中,基于速度选择的射频边带调制技术,对光谱信号进行了频率标定,测量了铯原子里德伯态57D_(3/2)和57D_(5/2)的精细分裂,分裂间隔为(354.7±2.5)MHz,与理论计算结果基本一致.速度选择的射频调制光谱可以实现里德伯态原子的能级分裂测量,其测量精度对于单光子跃迁的绝对激光频率不敏感;实验中影响57D_(3/2)和57D_(5/2)精细分裂间隔测量精度的主要因素是功率加宽导致的电磁感应透明信号的展宽和509 nm激光频率扫描的非线性.     

Sub-Doppler spectroscopy by sub-micron thin Cs vapour layer

A unique extremely thin cell (ETC) with the thickness of Cs atomic vapour layer in the range of 150–300 nm has been developed for the first time. All six hyperfine transitions of D₂ line (852 nm) of Cs, i.e. 6S_1/2(F=3)→6P_3/2(F=2–4) and 6S_1/2(F=4)→6P_3/2(F=3–5) are very well resolved in the transmission and fluorescence spectra, whereas in a cell of usual length they are not resolved due to Doppler broadening. It is demonstrated that a robust and widely used simple laser-diode technique is enough to observe separately atomic hyperfine transitions at the intensity up to 100 mW/cm² thanks to the ETC usage. We report also the first results obtained with the new ETC of 300 nm thickness filled with natural Rb. The usage of ETC allowed us to completely resolve each particular hyperfine transition of both ⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb isotopes in D₁ line fluorescence spectrum.     

Tm3+,Yb3+共掺钨酸钙多晶材料的上转换发光及荧光温度特性

采用高温固相法制备了Tm³⁺,Yb³共掺CaWO₄多晶材料. 980 nm二极管激光器激发下,在可见区获得了¹G₄→³H₆,¹G₄→³H₄,³H₂,³H₃→³H₆ 跃迁产生的上转换荧光. 讨论了Yb³⁺ 离子浓度的变化对Tm³⁺ 的上转换发光强度的影响,同时根据荧光强度比的方法研究了689 和705 nm 红色上转换荧光在313–773 K 范围内的温度特性. 结果表明：基于Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺ 共掺CaWO₄ 多晶材料的红色上转换荧光可以实现温度监测,其测温的最大灵敏度值为5.7×10^-4 K^-1,相应的测量温度为458 K. 关键词： 上转换发光 3+')" href="#">Tm³⁺ 钨酸钙 荧光温度传感     

白光发光二级管用红色荧光粉LiSrBO3: Eu3+的制备与发光性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了LiSrBO₃:xEu³⁺ 荧光粉, 并通过XRD, 红外(FITR) 和荧光光谱(PL) 等对其表征. 结果表明, LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 荧光粉可被波长为395 nm 的紫外线和466 nm 的蓝光有效激发, 且发射主波长为612 nm (Eu³⁺的电偶极跃迁⁵D₀ →⁷F₂) 的红光. 研究了Eu³⁺ 掺杂浓度对LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 材料发光强度的影响, Eu³⁺ 掺杂浓度为6% 时样品的发射强度最大, 并且证实Eu³⁺ 之间的能量传递机制为电偶极子- 电偶极子相互作用. Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ 作为电荷补偿剂的引入全部导致LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 材料发射强度增强, 其中, Li⁺ 的引入要优于Na⁺ 和K⁺. 少量Al³⁺的掺杂降低了Eu³⁺ 所处格位的对称性, 增强了Eu³⁺ 的612 nm 的电偶极发射, 改善了LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 红色材料的色纯度. 关键词： 白光发光二级管 光致发光 浓度猝灭 电荷补偿剂     

试验优化设计Tm3+/Yb3+共掺钼酸钇钠荧光粉上转换发光性质的研究

为得到最大发光强度的Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺钼酸钇钠荧光粉, 采用试验优化设计的方法建立发光强度与Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺掺杂浓度的回归方程, 再通过遗传算法优化算出方程的最大解. 利用高温固相法制备出了该解的Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺钼酸钇钠荧光粉样品. 在980 nm抽运激发下, 测量了样品的上转换荧光发射谱, 分析了上转换发光机制, 在室温下观察到强烈的蓝光(476 nm)和微弱的红光(649 nm)发射, 其分别对应于Tm³⁺的¹G₄→³H₆ 和¹G₄ →³F₄ 跃迁. 在Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺ 上转换发光体系中, ¹G₄ 的上转换可见发射是双光子合作上转换能量传递过程. 并探讨了样品的温度效应, 发现该样品蓝光发光强度随温度升高而减弱, 并对其温度猝灭机理进行了解释. 关键词： 试验优化设计 上转换 钼酸钇钠 3+/Yb³⁺')" href="#">Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺     

三角对称晶场下d8电子组态的EPR参量的普遍公式及其应用

本文考虑到d⁸电子组态中所有自旋三重态和自旋单态对基态的影响,用高阶微扰法导出了d⁸电子组态在三角对称晶场下光谱和基态EPR普遍公式。发现在三角对称晶场下,d⁸电子组态离子的g_⊥ > g_‖或g_⊥ < g_‖和D > 0或D < 0是以立方对称晶场为界,晶体中顺磁离子的配体沿C₃轴伸长或压缩所致。利用所得公式计算了NiCl₂和NiSiF₆·6H₂O晶体的EPR参量,其结果与实验吻合较好。     

超冷铯(60D5/2)2 Rydberg分子的双色光缔合光谱

本文主要从理论和实验上研究超冷铯（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的双色光缔合光谱.数值计算了铯60D_5/2 Rydberg原子对态的长程电多极相互作用和（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的绝热势能曲线,获得了（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子的势阱深度和平衡间距.实验上利用双色光缔合超冷铯原子的方法制备了（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子.其中,第一色激光（pulse-A）双光子共振激发种子Rydberg原子A;第二色激光（pulse-B,失谐于分子的束缚能）共振激发第二个Rydberg原子B,原子A与B由分子势阱束缚形成超冷（60D_5/2）₂ Rydberg分子.由脉冲场电离探测技术获得Rydberg分子的光缔合光谱,测量的Rydberg分子的势阱深度与理论计算结果相一致.     

D-T2二维核磁共振脉冲序列及反演方法改进设计

面对日益复杂的勘探对象, D-T₂二维核磁共振技术在实际应用中面临无法兼顾扩散系数测量范围和横向弛豫分辨率的困境. 脉冲序列作为D-T₂二维核磁共振数据采集的核心技术, 其性能优劣直接影响应用效果, 在综合对比PFG, STE-PFG, BP-PFG、改良式CPMG, 扩散编程, 多回波间隔CPMG脉冲序列性能的基础上, 有效融合脉冲梯度场、恒定梯度场D-T₂脉冲序列的优点, 本文提出一种基于脉冲梯度场的双变量、两窗口D-T₂脉冲序列改进设计. 针对两个窗口的D-T₂二维核磁共振数据反演, 为突破现有反演方法无法兼顾反演精度和解谱效率的瓶颈, 本着第二个窗口回波信号为主、第一个窗口回波信号为辅的原则, 本文提出一种同时使用两个窗口数据参与解谱的联合TSVD反演方法. 气水、油水、稠油、油气水模型不同信噪比条件下的数值模拟结果表明, 本文提供的D-T₂改进脉冲序列达到了平衡扩散系数测量范围和横向弛豫分辨率的设计要求, 本文提供的联合TSVD反演方法也有效平衡了反演精度要求和解谱效率. 文中的D-T₂改进脉冲序列及联合TSVD反演方法在复杂油气藏流体识别和产能预测中具有广泛的应用前景, 可为促进国内D-T₂二维核磁共振岩心分析技术的发展提供有利条件.     

Nd~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺磷酸盐玻璃光纤的发光与激光特性研究

以970 nm和808 nm半导体激光器作为抽运源,从光纤长度和抽运功率两个方面,探讨了Nd~(3+)/Yb~(3+)摩尔浓度比约为4:1的共掺磷酸盐玻璃光纤的发光与激光特性.在970 nm抽运下,光纤光谱以Yb~(3+)离子的发光为主,但Yb~(3+)→Nd~(3+)能量传递会对光纤光谱(激光和受激放大自发辐射)产生调制作用,调制作用随970 nm抽运功率或光纤长度的增加而显著,甚至出现显著的双波长激光现象.尽管玻璃样品中Nd~(3+)→Yb~(3+)的能量传递效率ηNd→Yb高达64%,但在808 nm抽运下,激光峰始终在1053 nm附近产生,且与808 nm抽运功率大小和光纤长度无关.为解释这一现象,推导了考虑Nd~(3+)离子受激辐射的能量传递模型.从理论模型来看,Nd~(3+)→Yb~(3+)能量传递作用随Nd~(3+)离子受激辐射信号光强度的增加而迅速减弱,这与该光纤实际测试的荧光光谱随808 nm抽运功率的变化规律相符合.因此,当采用Nd~(3+)离子来敏化Yb~(3+)离子时,需要考虑Nd~(3+)离子的受激辐射对Nd~(3+)→Yb~(3+)能量传递的抑制作用.     

Rayleigh scattering by sodium vapour in flames

In this paper we report on Rayleigh scattering measurements of sodium on the Na D-doublet in several premixed, laminar, shielded H₂/O₂/N₂, H₂/O₂/Ar and C₂H₂/O₂/N₂ flames at one atm. We performed the measurements under non-saturation conditions. The tunable CW dye-laser used produced linearly polarized light. The laser frequency was tuned well outside the absorption-line width of the sodium D-doublet lines. We have compared the ratio of Rayleigh scattering to collison-induced resonance-fluorescence (measured at fixed detunings of the laser) with theoretical predictions. In some flames, we also measured Rayleigh scattering and its polarization, as a function of detuning of the laser in the 4–40 Å region, for the red Na-D₁ and the blue Na-D₂ wings and found good agreement with theoretical predictions. Polarization of collision-induced fluorescence did not exceed 4% in this wavelength range.     

Diffusion of W on A W(211) plane

The diffusion of W on a (211) plane of a W field emitter has been re-examined by means of the fluctuation autocorrelation method. Diffusion along channels yielded E = 16.8 ± 0.5 kcal, D₀ = (3 ± 1) × 10⁻⁵ cm² s⁻¹. For diffusion across channels E =6.6 kcal, D₀ = 4 × 10⁻⁹cm² s⁻¹ at T < 752 K, and E = 24 kcal, D₀ = 5 × 10⁻⁴ cm² s⁻¹ at T > 752 K. The results for diffusion along channels yield E and D₀ values intermediate between recent results by Wang and Ehrlich [Surf. Sci. 206 (1988) 451] using field ion microscopy (E = 19 kcal, D₀ = 7.7 × 10⁻³ cm² s⁻¹) and Tringides and Gomer [J. Chem. Phys. 84 (1986) 4049], using the same method as the present work but a larger slit (E = 13.3 kcal, D₀ = 7 × 10⁻⁷ cm² s⁻¹). The results for cross channel diffus good agreement with those of Tringides and Gomer below 752 K, where these authors stopped. The new high temperature results suggest that the channel wall exchange mechanism postulated by Tringides and Gomer for cross channel diffusion at low T gives way to diffusion by climbing over the channel walls with higher E but also higher D₀ above 752 K. Possible reasons for the discrepancies between these three sets of results and the absence of cross channel diffusion in the work of Wang and Ehrlich are briefly discussed.     

激光冷却OH分子的理论研究

采用高精度的多参考组态相互作用方法计算OH分子基态和第一激发态的势能曲线.为获得更精确的计算结果,在计算过程中考虑Davidson修正、标量相对论效应、核价相关效应和自旋轨道耦合效应.基于计算的Λ-S和?态的势能曲线,对一维径向薛定谔方程进行数值求解,得到各个电子态的光谱数据,与已报道的实验值和理论值相符合.获得OH分子的永久偶极矩、跃迁偶极矩、振动能级、Franck-Condon因子及辐射寿命,结果表明,A~2Σ~+→X~2Π跃迁具有高度对角化的Franck-Condon因子(0.9053)和短的辐射寿命(5.8363×10~(-7)s),符合激光冷却分子的条件.制定了激光冷却OH分子的具体方案,计算得到激光冷却跃迁A~2Σ~+→X~2Π所需的三束激光波长,主光束波长为307.1532 nm,两束重抽运激光波长为344.9163和349.7659 nm.计算结果为超冷OH分子的实验制备提供重要的理论依据.     

Ce3+, Mn2+共掺的Ca4Y6 (SiO4)6F2的发光性质和能量传递

采用高温固相法制备了Ca_4-xY_5.95 (SiO₄)₆F₂:0.05Ce³⁺, _xMn^{2 +}系列荧光粉,并对其发光性质以及Ce³⁺, Mn^{2 +}在Ca₄Y₆ (SiO₄)₆F₂ (CYSF)基质中的能量传递过程进行了研究.相结构研究表明: CYSF属于一种基于磷灰石结构的类质同象化合物.CYSF: 0.05Ce³⁺, _xMn²⁺荧光粉在200–373 nm为宽带激发光谱,Ce³⁺和Mn²⁺在408 nm和602 nm的发射峰分别由Ce³⁺的5d→4f的跃迁和Mn²⁺的⁴T₁ (⁴G)→ ⁶A₁ (⁶S)的跃迁产生.光谱重叠现象以及荧光寿命测试结果证明了Ce³⁺对Mn²⁺具有敏化作用,能级结构分析进一步证实该体系中存在Ce³⁺→Mn²⁺的能量传递过程,可有效地将Ce³⁺的蓝光转换为红橙光. 关键词： 磷灰石 发光性质 能量传递     

Boron diffusion in bcc-Fe studied by first-principles calculations

The diffusion mechanism of boron in bcc-Fe has been studied by first-principles calculations. The diffusion coefficients of the interstitial mechanism, the B–monovacancy complex mechanism, and the B–divacancy complex mechanism have been calculated. The calculated diffusion coefficient of the interstitial mechanism is D_0= 1.05 ×10~(-7)exp(-0.75 e V/k T) m~2· s~(-1), while the diffusion coefficients of the B–monovacancy and the B–divacancy complex mechanisms are D_1= 1.22 × 10~(-6)f1exp(-2.27 e V/k T) m~2· s~(-1)and D_2≈ 8.36 × 10~(-6)exp(-4.81 e V/k T) m~2· s~(-1), respectively. The results indicate that the dominant diffusion mechanism in bcc-Fe is the interstitial mechanism through an octahedral interstitial site instead of the complex mechanism. The calculated diffusion coefficient is in accordance with the reported experiment results measured in Fe–3%Si–B alloy(bcc structure). Since the non-equilibrium segregation of boron is based on the diffusion of the complexes as suggested by the theory, our calculation reasonably explains why the non-equilibrium segregation of boron is not observed in bcc-Fe in experiments.     

Tm3+-Yb3+共掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃和光纤的光谱特性

研究了Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃和光纤在980nm激光二极管激发下的可见与近红外光谱性质.室温下,Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃在480,800nm处观测到了很强的上转换发光,在650nm观测到一较弱的上转换发光,它们分别来自Tm³⁺离子的¹G₄^→3H₆,³H₄^{→ 3}H₆和¹G₄^{→ 3}F₄跃迁;在1020,1810nm处观测到近红外发射,它们分别属于Yb³⁺离子的²F_5/2^→2F_7/2跃迁和Tm³⁺离子的³F₄^→3H₆跃迁.研究了其发光特性与Tm³⁺及Yb³⁺的浓度的依赖关系.此外,在980nm激光激发下,还观测到Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃光纤在1060,1470,1910nm附近的近红外发射.详细讨论了其发光机制,该材料可望用于制作蓝色上转换光纤激光器、S-波段光纤放大器以及在医疗诊断和遥感中有着广泛的应用的1.9μm光纤激光器.     

天然钴尖晶石的谱学特征及颜色成因

尖晶石[(Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn)(Al, Cr, Fe)₂O₄]是一种典型的镁铝氧化物,常用于宝石、陶瓷及微晶玻璃材料中。近年来,一种颜色为矢车菊蓝色的天然尖晶石晶体出现在市场中,备受收藏者和设计师们的喜爱,其价格也不断攀高。天然钴尖晶石常呈矢车菊蓝色,透明,长波紫外光下显示弱-中等的绿色荧光,短波呈惰性,变色钴尖晶石在日光下常呈矢车菊蓝色而在白炽灯下呈紫红色。采用电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、显微聚焦激光拉曼光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱和阴极发光等测试技术获得了天然钴尖晶石和变色钴尖晶石的谱学特征,并探讨了其颜色成因和变色机理。结果表明：天然钴尖晶和变色钴尖晶石属于镁尖晶石,其主要化学成分为MgO和Al₂O₃,平均含量分别为25.77%和71.37%;此外,过渡族元素Zn,Fe,Co和V含量较高,其平均含量分别为1 337.85,831.53,99.52和58.26 μg·g-1。天然钴尖晶石与变色钴尖晶石的红外光谱和拉曼光谱与普通尖晶石的特征峰基本一致,其中红外光谱在517,589和704 cm-1处的主位均发生红移,其红移范围在5~33 cm-1之内;拉曼特征峰集中在300~800 cm-1范围之内。结合化学成分分析、紫外可见吸收光谱和阴极发光测试结果,认为天然钴尖晶石的颜色是因晶格中所含Co2+,Fe3+和V3+中的电子跃迁共同作用所致。由于Co2+发生自旋禁阻跃迁4T_1g(4F)→4T_1g(4P)使得可见光橙黄区（550~630 nm）内产生吸收带,而V3+的外层电子跃迁（3T_1g→3T_1g(3P)）和Cr3+的外层电子跃迁（4A₂→E₂）使得可见光蓝紫区（400~490 nm）内产生吸收线,可见光中红光和蓝光均匀透过,从而使其产生变色效应。该研究基本确定了天然钴尖晶石的谱学特征和成色机理,以及变色钴尖晶石的变色效应,为其科学鉴别提供了可靠的理论依据,有助于天然钴蓝色尖晶石与普通蓝色尖晶石、合成钴蓝色尖晶石的区分,具有重要的理论研究和商贸学应用价值。