大开口复合材料层合板强度破坏研究

复合材料层合板的各向异性及非均质,使得复合材料层合板内部的破坏形式非常复杂.在复合材料结构的设计中,为满足制造及使用功能上的需求,在复合材料层合板承力结构件上不可避免地需要设计各种开口.然而,含大开口复合材料层合板的强度破坏问题变得更为复杂,使得现有的强度理论面临新的挑战.针对碳纤维增强复合材料大开口层合板受单向拉伸载荷作用下的强度破坏问题进行了数值分析和实验研究.首先,根据Hashin准则和刚度退化模型,对含不同圆形开口尺寸的[0]_(10)单向铺层、[0/90]_5和[±45]_5正交铺层的层合板,进行了单向拉伸载荷作用下渐进失效的数值模拟分析,获得了对应结构的极限载荷和破坏模式.在此基础上,采用数字图像相关方法,进行复合材料大开口层合板强度破坏的实验研究.研究结果表明,大开口复合材料层合板在单向拉伸加载下主要呈现脆性破坏形式,破坏起始位置处于应力集中区.此外,破坏强度和失效模式与复合材料铺层方式和开口尺寸大小密切相关.其中[±45]_5铺层的开口层合板承载能力最弱,分层破坏最严重.开口尺寸越大,结构的极限载荷值越低.同实验测试结果相比,数值模拟对复合材料层合板的损伤失效分析略显不足,往往很难全面分析复合材料层合板破坏失效过程中的各种因素的影响.     

压缩载荷作用下复合材料开孔补强稳定性分析

运用有限元软件MSC.Nastran分别分析了压缩载荷作用下的复合材料板在无孔、开孔及开孔补强后的稳定性问题.在开孔复合材料板稳定性分析中,讨论了开孔孔径和开孔位置的影响;在补强中,分别选取不同开孔孔径和开孔位置研究补强参数对板稳定性的影响.研究表明:开孔降低了复合材料板的稳定性,通过补强可提高其稳定性;开孔孔径和开孔位置对复合材料板稳定性的影响较大,补强参数随开孔孔径和开孔位置改变而改变,且对复合材料板的稳定性有所影响;补强后板的稳定性要好于无孔复合材料板的稳定性.     

孔口缝合补强对含孔复合材料层板应力集中影响的数值模拟

提出的一种缝合线计算模型,通过数值模拟计算与实验结果比较,得到缝合线计算模型中相关的弹性参数.对复合材料开口缝合补强结构进行有限元模拟计算,分析了孔边及邻近区域应变、应力的分布规律,得到不同缝合参数、孔边不同位置以及不同载荷条件下的应变、应力集中系数,并给出合理的孔口缝合参数设计方法及相关结论.研究结果表明:含孔拉伸试件在孔边θ=0°处,切向拉伸应力最大;在θ=90°处,切向压缩应力最大;在孔口0°和90°之间存在拉应力与压应力的转换点,缝合补强后,此转换点大约在θ=56°左右.     

大开口复合材料加筋壁板稳定性分析

运用大型有限元软件Patran/Nastran分析了大开口复合材料加筋壁板的稳定性,并对不同加筋方式下壁板屈曲特征值和屈曲模态图进行了比较。结果表明:补强提高了大开口复合材料壁板的稳定性,但往往无法达到很好的效果,需要通过加筋改善其稳定性;加筋复合材料壁板稳定性较原有模型有较大提高;加筋大开口复合材料壁板屈曲特征值随筋条距开口中心距离的增加而减小,其屈曲分界线均位于筋条布置处;纵筋大开口复合材料加筋壁板一阶屈曲特征值为2.13,而横筋只达到1.08;纵筋布置对复合材料壁板稳定性影响明显高于横筋布置,可在实际工程应用中适当增加纵筋的布置。     

空心玻璃微珠及玻璃纤维混合填充环氧树脂力学性能实验研究

制备了一种空心玻璃微珠质量比、四种玻璃纤维质量比的空心玻璃微珠及玻璃纤维混合填充环氧树脂复合泡沫材料。通过一系列准静态压缩、拉伸实验,研究了玻璃纤维填充量对复合材料的密度、强度、弹性模量等性能的影响,并分析了其影响原因。通过三点弯曲实验,研究了复合材料弯曲弹性模量、弯曲强度等力学性能与玻璃纤维填充量的关系。通过拉伸断口SEM照片分析了玻璃纤维增强复合材料力学性能的原因。研究表明:随着玻璃纤维填充量增加,复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度、压缩屈服极限及弹性模量等力学性能都有较大的提高,且仍然保持了较好的弹性性能和塑性特征。     

缝合复合材料层合板拉伸疲劳损伤及其机理

对有、无缝合复合材料层合板的拉伸疲劳性能进行了试验研究,考察了0^\circ缝合对复合材料光滑板拉伸疲劳损伤扩展规律的影响. 通过有限元素法分析了有、无缝合复合材料层合板的应力状态分布情况,对缝合复合材料层合板的拉伸疲劳损伤及其扩展机理进行了分析. 研究表明,缝合改变了复合材料层合板拉伸疲劳损伤起始与扩展的机理,针脚附近的面内正应力\sigma_{x}与层间剪应力的集中对层合板拉伸疲劳损伤的发生与扩展有着重要的作用,自由边界处的层间集中应力对缝合板的疲劳性能也有影响. 自由边界处的层间集中应力是导致无缝合层合板疲劳损伤及其扩展的主要原因.      

三种典型船舶轴承复合材料的物理性能对摩擦学行为的影响研究

船舶轴承内衬复合材料的摩擦磨损往往伴随微纳接触界面材料的拉伸、撕裂、剥落和温升等物理行为,其物理性能对其摩擦学性能有重要影响.本文中检测了三种典型船舶轴承复合材料(塑料聚合物、赛龙合成橡胶和铁犁木材料)的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、热变形温度和亲水性,通过在RTEC多功能摩擦磨损试验机上考察了三种材料的摩擦磨损行为,并用激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了试样磨损形貌,讨论了三种复合材料的典型物理性能对其摩擦磨损行为的影响规律.结果表明:良好的撕裂强度和拉伸强度、较高的热变形温度使得赛龙材料具有良好的耐磨损性能;具有优异亲水性的铁犁木材料在水润滑条件下具有极低的初始滑动摩擦系数.研究结果可为选择和设计船舶轴承复合材料摩擦配副提供指导依据.     

开孔复合材料层合板强度不确定性分析

以拉伸载荷作用下AS4/3501-6开孔复合材料层合板为研究对象,采用考虑复合材料层合板就地强度效应的有限断裂力学模型和基于方差的敏感性测度分析模型相结合的方法,研究单层板宏观力学性能不确定性对具有不同孔径和铺层顺序的开孔复合材料层合板破坏强度的影响．研究结果表明：单层板力学性能对开孔板强度影响程度的大小与孔径相关,但敏感性排序与孔径无关．同时,单层板力学性能敏感性测度与层合板铺层顺序有关,层合板各向异性比越大,开孔板拉伸破坏受单层板纤维方向拉伸强度的影响越大,而且开孔板拉伸强度与单层板纤维方向拉伸强度呈正相关,与横向弹性模量呈负相关,与面内剪切模量和纵向弹性模量不具有单调关系．     

变形对非饱和土渗透系数影响规律模拟研究

对有、无缝合复合材料层合板的拉伸疲劳性能进行了试验研究,考察了0^\circ 缝合对复合材料光滑板拉伸疲劳损伤扩展规律的影响. 通过有限元素法分析了有、无缝合复 合材料层合板的应力状态分布情况,对缝合复合材料层合板的拉伸疲劳损伤及其扩展机理进 行了分析. 研究表明,缝合改变了复合材料层合板拉伸疲劳损伤起始与扩展的机理,针脚 附近的面内正应力\sigma_{x}与层间剪应力的集中对层合板拉伸疲劳损伤的 发生与扩展有着重要的作用,自由边界处的层间集中应力对缝合板的疲劳性能也有影响. 自 由边界处的层间集中应力是导致无缝合层合板疲劳损伤及其扩展的主要原因.     

含裂纹金属薄板胶接补强的应力分析

本文应用弹塑性有限元分析胶接补强的含裂纹薄板结构,剪切单元被改进使之可连结平面等参单元并用于分析胶层应力。计算了补强后裂纹板的应力强度因子,并将计算结果与实验数据作了比较,分析表明,胶接补强可显著降低裂尖的应力集中,使裂纹板内应力分布趋于均匀。     

Failure plane orientations for transverse loading of a unidirectional fiber composite

Using a recently developed failure theory for transversely isotropic fiber composites, it is shown how the orientation of the failure surface can be determined for transverse tension and compression. It is also shown that failure surface orientations decompose into those of ductile type versus those of brittle type. Experimental data on failure surface orientations have been obtained for carbon fiber composite systems based on both thermoplastic and thermosetting matrix materials. Average compression failure planes for the different composite materials were measured to range from 31° to 38° from the load axis. Reasonable agreement was obtained between these measured angles and those predicted from application of the new failure theory.     

Modal analysis of lightweight graphite reinforced silica/polymer matrix composite plates

In this paper we describe how finite element and experimental modal analyses can be used to characterize the dynamic behavior of plates made from a new class of graphite reinforced silica/polymer matrix composite (GRSPMC) materials. An agreement is obtained between both methods, and the results show that GRSPMC materials can be modeled and tested using tools similar to those applied to the study of classical composite laminates.     

含有分层损伤的复合材料加筋层合板的屈曲性态研究

基于Ｍｉｎｄｉｎ假定推导了考虑剪切的复合材料加筋层板的有限元列式,并在此基础上计算出筋间基板含嵌入分层以及筋与基板连接处含穿透分层的加筋层合板在受压缩载荷情况下的屈曲模式和临界力。本文所给出的有限元方法及结论对从事复合材料结构设计的工程人员具有参考价值。     

On the limit and applicability of dynamic homogenization

Recent years have seen considerable research success in the field of dynamic homogenization which seeks to define frequency dependent effective properties for heterogeneous composites for the purpose of studying wave propagation. There is an approximation involved in replacing a heterogeneous composite with its homogenized equivalent. In this paper we propose a quantification to this approximation. We study the problem of reflection at the interface of a layered periodic composite and its dynamic homogenized equivalent. It is shown that if the homogenized parameters are to appropriately represent the layered composite in a finite setting and at a given frequency, then reflection at this special interface must be close to zero at that frequency. We show that a comprehensive homogenization scheme proposed in an earlier paper results in negligible reflection in the low frequency regime, thereby suggesting its applicability in a finite composite setting. In this paper we explicitly study a 2-phase composite and a 3-phase composite which exhibits negative effective properties over its second branch. We show that based upon the reflected energy profile of the two cases, there exist good arguments for considering the second branch of a 3-phase composite a true negative branch with negative group velocity. Through arguments of calculated reflected energy we note that infinite-domain homogenization is much more applicable to finite cases of the 3-phase composite than it is to the 2-phase composite. In fact, the applicability of dynamic homogenization extends to most of the first branch (negligible reflection) for the 3-phase composite. This is in contrast with a periodic composite without local resonance where the approximation of homogenization worsens with increasing frequency over the first branch and is demonstrably bad on the second branch. We also study the effect of the interface location on the applicability of homogenization. The results open intriguing questions regarding the effects of replacing a semi-infinite periodic composite with its Bloch-wave (infinite domain) dynamic properties on such phenomenon as negative refraction.     

复合材料组分性能随机性识别的克里金随机分析方法

建立非均匀材料宏观力学性能与微结构参数之间的定量关系一直是人们所关心的问题,利用材料微结构参数和组分性能预报复合材料宏观力学性能,已经取得了很大的进展,然而已知复合材料宏观性能,如何开展组分性能的随机识别,目前的研究工作还不多见.论文考虑了复合材料的随机性,在已知复合材料宏观有效性能的随机性条件下,采用克里金随机分析方法,对复合材料组分性能的随机性进行识别,通过单向纤维复合材料的宏观有效性能的随机性,计算得到了纤维弹性模量的均值与方差,证明了该方法的有效性.     

钢桁腹式混凝土组合箱梁翼板纵向应力的计算方法研究

为研究钢桁腹式混凝土组合箱梁翼板纵向应力沿横桥向的分布情况,运用有限元软件ANSYS建立一座35m等截面简支钢桁腹式混凝土组合箱梁的有限元模型,考虑斜向腹杆杆力作用会使翼板产生附加轴力及相应的附加应力,故利用能量变分法原理推导出组合箱梁的翼板纵向弯曲应力和纵向附加应力计算公式,并据此探讨适用于计算组合箱梁的翼板纵向应力的方法。将有限元值和理论值进行比较,吻合程度良好。研究结果表明,组合箱梁的下翼板纵向应力可采用纵向弯曲应力计算公式进行计算;为获得组合箱梁的翼板附加轴力,可将组合箱梁的钢桁腹杆和混凝土纵梁取出,认为两者通过节点构造共同构成平面桁架,翼板附加轴力即为平面桁架的弦杆杆力;组合箱梁的上翼板纵向应力可通过纵向弯曲应力和经修正的纵向附加应力叠加获得。     

考虑强度与固化变形的复合材料加筋壁板铺层优化方法

加筋壁板是复合材料飞行器主承力构件的主要结构形式,通过复合材料铺层参数设计可以有效优化壁板的强度,但铺层参数的变化也会影响壁板的固化变形.因此,复合材料加筋壁板铺层设计过程中需要综合考虑整体强度和固化变形.本文针对复合材料加筋壁板结构,建立了失效分析模型和固化变形分析模型;基于实验设计方法、NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法以及上述...     

Magnetostrictive/electrostrictive fracture of the piezomagnetic and piezoelectric layers in a multiferroic composite: Anti-plane case

The main purpose of the present work is to study the influences of magnetostriction, electrostriction and piezomagnetic/piezoelectric stiffening on the fracture behavior of a layered multiferroic composite. For comparison, it is assumed that there is a crack, parallel to the interface, in each layer. Methods of cosine transform and Cauchy singular integral equations are used to solve the crack problem. Numerical results of the stress intensity factor (SIF) are provided and the computational accuracy is demonstrated. Discussion on the numerical results indicates that the multiferroic composite consisting of cobalt ferrite and barium titanate layers are more prone to fracture under electric loading than under magnetic loading. In the case of magnetostriction, to increase the shear modulus of the piezomagnetic layer would raise the SIF; but to increase that of the piezoelectric layer would reduce the SIF; in the case of electrostriction, inverse results are obtained. Piezomagnetic stiffening can affect the SIF when the composite is under electrostriction; piezoelectric stiffening can influence the SIF if the composite is under magnetostriction. In addition, it is also revealed that two parallel equal cracks may shield each other even if an interface exists between them.     

Higher order approximate dynamic models for layered composites

Based on a higher order dynamic approximate theory developed in the present study for anisotropic elastic plates, two dynamic models, discrete and continuum models (DM and CM), are proposed for layered composites. Of the two models, CM is more important, which is established in the study of periodic layered composites using smoothing operations. CM has the properties: it contains inherently the interface and Floquet conditions and facilitates the analysis of the composite, in particular, when the number of laminae in the composite is large; it contains all kinds of deformation modes of the layered composite; its validity range for frequencies and wave numbers may be enlarged by increasing, respectively, the orders of the theory and interface conditions. CM is assessed by comparing its prediction with the exact for the spectra of harmonic waves propagating in various directions of a two-phase periodic layered composite, as well as, for transient dynamic response of a composite slab induced by waves propagating perpendicular and parallel to layering. A good comparison is observed in the results and it is found that the model predicts very well the periodic structure of spectra with passing and stopping bands for harmonic waves propagating perpendicular to layering. In view of the results, the physical significance of Floquet wave number is also discussed in the study.     

土-结构相互作用体系合成模态阻尼比的振动台模型试验研究

本文籍振动台模型试验。研究了SSI体系的合成模态阻尼比问题。文中首先阐明了在SSI体系直接动力分析中应采用合成模态阻尼比的观点。研究了合成模态阻尼纟的实测确定方法。并在不同工况下，通过对模型不同部位测点的传递函数，基本频率，基本合成模态阻尼比等实测数据考虑，验证了SSI体系合成模态的存在性，合成模态阻尼比与相同应变下不考虑相互作用的单纯地基土体或刚性地基结构阻尼比的差异性及其在递增动力作用下的变化规律。