从培养机械类工程型人才谈材料力学教学

从培养机械类工程型人才谈材料力学教学章真声,马晓士（西安交通大学,西安７１００４９）１．力学与机械工程机械是机器与机构的总称,按此定义,各种行业的专用、通用机器以及车辆、船舶、飞机等都属于机械范畴。机械工程与力学关系密切,需要应用到的有关力学理论和知...     

离散承载体系的材料力学方法

离散承载体系的材料力学方法汪进（安徽工学院机械系，合肥２３００６９）材料力学研究的是构件受载后的应力和变形，这里的构件是指连续、均质、弹性的“杆件”，其截面通常为单连通的几何图形，如圆、圆环、矩形、工字型等（图１）。在工程上，有些受载对象不是连续构件...     

《材料力学》教学中的几个实例

《材料力学》教学中的几个实例方德平（华侨大学土木工程系,泉州３６２０１１）《材料力学》的公式较多,推导过程也较复杂,部分学生对此敬而远之,不易从力学理论本身建立起力学概念．笔者从事教学多年,收集总结了一些讲课实例．这些实例通俗生动,一则可活跃课堂气氛...     

材料力学教学中的科学思维方式培养

通过几个教学实例,探讨了材料力学教学中的科学思维方式培养问题。     

《材料力学训练型课件》在材料力学教学上的应用

本文介绍使用《材料力学训练型课件》的经验和体会．     

教室中的材料力学实例

总结了一些在课堂上通俗易懂或可以在教室直接做实验的材料力学实例,为激发学生对所学基本理论的学习兴趣、提高学习效果打下良好基础,同时也可以为材料力学教师的教学提供一定的参考.     

材料力学实验教学中的素质教育

本文通过课前布置预习思考题,课堂提问与讨论,开设学生独立实验,考前开放实验室等总结了加强材料力学实验课素质教育的几点体会．     

方法论在材料力学课程教学中的应用

将科学方法论中的一些方法引入到材料力学课程教学之中. 经过对几届学生的教学实践表明：学生们不仅能够掌握该课程的内容,而且还能学到科学方法. 掌握了方法论的方法,这对学生今后学习新知识、新技能和培养学生独立思考解决问题以及创新能力很有益处.     

《材料力学》教学中的一些生活和工程实例

列举了一些应用于《材料力学》教学中的生活和工程实例.     

面向21世纪材料力学教学的几点思考

面向２１世纪材料力学教学的几点思考郝松林刘大泉萧锡玉（国防科学技术大学，长沙４１００７３）讨论面向２１世纪的材料力学问题时，首先要问我国２１世纪需要什么样的人才？当然是要德、智、体全面发展的、会分析、能综合、敢于开拓的大学生，冯元桢先生在他著作［９］...     

《工程力学》教学改革与教学质量对比

通过对考试结果的分析说明提高民族班教学质量是可以实现的, 学生成 绩差的主要因素是主动学习的动力不足, 而不是基础差这个客观因素. 只 要学生和教师共同努力, 通过训练完全可以实现培养合格工程技术人才的目标.     

Engineering mechanics and materials research in the information technology age

ＴｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ（ＮＳＦ）ｈａｓｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂａｓｉｃｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄｔｈｅｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｆｏｒａｈａｌｆｃｅｎｔｕｒｙａｎｄｉｔｉｓｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｔｏｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｈｉｓｍａｎｄａｔｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ．ＡｓａｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｉｓｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｏｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｏｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｖｉｔａｌｍａｒｋｅｔｓｂｅｃａｕｓ…     

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对于连续截面直梁平面横力弯曲情形, 分析了剪切变形引起横截面翘曲的影响. 基于位移模式假定, 用材料力学方法得到相应的正应力与切应力表达式, 并以均布力作用的矩形截面简支梁为例说明截面翘曲对于应力的影响. 该分析方法及其结果适用于材料力学教学.     

多媒体在结构力学教学中的合理使用

就多媒体在结构力学教学中的应用进行了探索和实践, 分析了多媒体在结构力学课程教学过程中的优势及存在的问题, 并从教学方法、教学内容、教学手段及课件形式、信息量等方面入手, 着重讨论如何扬长避短, 合理使用多媒体进行结构力学教学.     

Multiscale mechanics of macromolecular materials with unfolding domains

We propose a general multiscale approach for the mechanical behavior of three-dimensional networks of macromolecules undergoing strain-induced unfolding. Starting from a (statistically based) energetic analysis of the macromolecule unfolding strategy, we obtain a three-dimensional continuum model with variable natural configuration and an energy function analytically deduced from the microscale material parameters. The comparison with the experiments shows the ability of the model to describe the complex behavior, with residual stretches and unfolding effects, observed in different biological materials.     

Experimental caustics analysis in fracture mechanics of anisotropic materials

The originally developed reflection method of caustics is presented for application to cracks in mechanically anisotropic materials such as fiber-reinforced composites. The derived solutions for the combination of crack-opening modes I and II show that the size of the dark spot depends on the load intensity, whereas its shape depends strongly on the mechanical properties of the material, the orientation of the crack tip and the mixed-mode mixture. The evaluation of optical effects is possible using the diameter-measuring method or the advanced multipoint overdeterministic data reduction method. To find the exact position of caustics, the experimental images are analyzed by the simple boundary value method and a more sophisticated differential method, which is accomplished by shifting the real image onto the gradient image. The standard experimental testing procedure is performed for cracks oriented 0 deg, 45 deg and 90 deg to the material axes in carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites.     

Discussion on electromagnetic crack face boundary conditions for the fracture mechanics of magneto-electro-elastic materials

This paper discusses electromagnetic boundary conditions on crack faces in magneto- electroelastic materials, where piezoelectric, piezomagnetic and magnetoelectric effects are coupled. A notch of finite thickness in these materials is also addressed. Four idealized electromagnetic boundary conditions assumed for the crack-faces are separately investigated, i.e. (a) electrically and magnetically impermeable (crack-face), (b) electrically impermeable and magnetically permeable, (c) electrically permeable and magnetically impermeable, and (d) electrically and magnetically permeable. The influence of the notch thickness on important parameters, such as the field intensity factors, the energy release rate at the notch tips and the electromagnetic fields inside the notch, are studied and the results are obtained in closed-form. Results under different idealized electromagnetic boundary conditions on the crack-face are compared, and the applicability of these idealized assumptions is discussed.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10102004) The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

The role of mechanics in biological and biologically inspired materials

In the development of new materials, researchers have recently turned to nature for inspiration and assistance. A special emphasis has been placed on understanding the development of biological materials from the traditional correlation of structure to property, as well as correlating structure to functionality. The natural evolution of structure in biological materials is guided by the interaction between these materials and their environment. What is most notable about natural materials is the way in which the structure is able to adapt at a wide range of length scales. Much of the interaction that biological materials experience occurs through mechanical contact. Therefore, to develop biologically inspired materials it is necessary to quantify the mechanical behavior of and mechanical influences on biological structures with the intention of defining the natural structure-property-functionality relationship for these materials. In particular, the role mechanics has assumed in understanding biological materials, and the biologically inspired materials developed from this knowledge, will be clarified. The following will serve to elucidate on this role: the helical structure of fibrous tissue, the multi-scale structure of wood, and the biologically inspired optimal structure of functionally graded materials.     

材料力学实验教学改革实践与探讨

介绍了材料力学组合变形电测实验教学改革的实践. 采用现代测试技术,结合工程实际,更新实验内容,形成了新的电测综合型实验.