Numerical solutions of a model for the propagation of a surface-catalysed flame in a tube

Numerical simulations of a surface-catalysed flame in a tubeare performed, corresponding to an experiment where a premixedfuel is fed into a tube whose inner surface is coated with acatalyst. In these experiments, subsequent to ignition, a reactionwave can be seen as a red-hot region which propagates back alongthe tube towards the inlet, and is due to low temperature combustionoccurring only on the inner surface of the tube where the catalystis present. The solutions of a mathematical model for this behaviourshow that initial-value problems do indeed result in such steadilypropagating waves. The numerically obtained wave speeds andsteady solution are compared to a previous large Damköhlernumber (D_a) asymptotic analysis using a simple reaction ratemodel, and agreement is very good even for moderately largevalues of D_a. However, for such Damköhler numbers, thewave speeds are found to be much larger than observed experimentally.Indeed, the simulations show that O(1) values of D_a are requiredto obtain the lower experimental wave speeds. Nevertheless,the wave speeds as a function of flow rate through the tubedo not agree well with the preliminary experimental resultsfor any choice of the parameters. A more realistic, Arrheniusreaction rate model is then considered. The Arrhenius modelpredicts a rapid change in temperature at the wave front, inmuch better agreement with the experiments than for the simplerreaction model.     

Motion of a distant solid particle in a shear flow along a porous slab

The motion of a solid and no-slipping particle immersed in a shear flow along a sufficiently porous slab is investigated. The fluid flow outside and inside of the slab is governed by the Stokes and Darcy equations, respectively, and the so-called Beavers and Joseph slip boundary conditions are enforced on the slab surface. The problem is solved for a distant particle with length scale a in terms of the small parameter a/d where d designates the large particle–slab separation. This is achieved by asymptotically inverting a relevant boundary-integral equation on the particle surface, which has been recently proposed for any particle location (distant or close particle) in Khabthani et al. (J Fluid Mech 713:271–306, 2012). It is found that at order O(a/d) the slab behaves for any particle shape as a solid plane no-slip wall while the slab properties (thickness, permeability, associated slip length) solely enter at O((a/d)²). Moreover, for a spherical particle, the numerical results published in Khabthani et al. (J Fluid Mech 713:271–306, 2012) perfectly agree with the present asymptotic analysis.     

Identification of a dissipation coefficient by a variational method

A generalized inverse problem for the identification of the absorption coefficient for a hyperbolic system is considered. The well-posedness of the problem is examined. It is proved that the regular part of the solution is an L ₂ function, which reduces the inverse problem to minimizing the error functional. The gradient of the functional is determined in explicit form from the adjoint problem, and approximate formulas for its calculation are derived. A regularization algorithm for the solution of the inverse problem is considered. Numerical results obtained for various excitation sources are displayed.     

Homogenization of a fluid problem with a free boundary

The stationary Stokes equations with a free boundary are studied in a perforated domain. The perforation consists of a periodic array of cylinders of size and distance O(ε). The free boundary is given as the graph of a function on a two‐dimensional perforated domain. We derive equations for the two‐scale limit of solutions. The limiting equation is a free boundary system. It involves a nonlinear eliptic operator corresponding to the nonlinear mean‐curvature expression in the original equations. Depending on the equation for the contact angle, the pressure is in general unbounded. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

On a structural acoustic model with interface a Reissner-Mindlin plate or a Timoshenko beam

This paper is concerned with a model which describes the interaction of sound and elastic waves in a structural acoustic chamber in which one “wall” is flexible and flat. The model is new in the sense that the composite dynamics of the three-dimensional structure is described by the linearized equations for a gas defined on the interior of the chamber and the Reissner-Mindlin plate equations on the two-dimensional flat wall of the chamber, while, if a two-dimensional acoustic chamber is considered, the Timoshenko beam equations describe the deflections of the one-dimensional “wall.” With a view to achieving uniform stabilization of the structure linear feedback boundary damping is incorporated in the model, viz. in the wave equation for the gas and in the system of equations for the vibrations of the elastic medium. We present the uniform stability result for the case of a two-dimensional chamber and outline the method for the three-dimensional model which shows strong resemblance with the system of dynamic plane elasticity.     

The Eilenberg-Moore Category and a Beck-type Theorem for a Morita Context

The Eilenberg-Moore constructions and a Beck-type theorem for pairs of monads are described. More specifically, a notion of a Morita context comprising of two monads, two bialgebra functors and two connecting maps is introduced. It is shown that in many cases equivalences between categories of algebras are induced by such Morita contexts. The Eilenberg-Moore category of representations of a Morita context is constructed. This construction allows one to associate two pairs of adjoint functors with right adjoint functors having a common domain or a double adjunction to a Morita context. It is shown that, conversely, every Morita context arises from a double adjunction. The comparison functor between the domain of right adjoint functors in a double adjunction and the Eilenberg-Moore category of the associated Morita context is defined. The sufficient and necessary conditions for this comparison functor to be an equivalence (or for the moritability of a pair of functors with a common domain) are derived.     

On stable estimation of a function of a parameter

Given the function f and the vector-statistic t_N which is a mean square consistent estimator of a parameter a, the problem is to estimate f(a). The criteria for the mean square consistency of the estimator f(t_N) are considered. In the case where the estimator f(t_N) is not mean square consistent, a class of estimators of f(a) is proposed, and it is proved that the estimators of the class are mean square consistent for all distribution of t_N. Translated fromStatisticheskie Metody Otsenivaniya i Proverki Gipotez, pp. 44–55, Perm, 1990.     

Constructing a 3-tree for a 3-connected matroid

In an earlier paper with Whittle, we showed that there is a tree that displays, up to a natural equivalence, all non-trivial 3-separations of a 3-connected matroid M. The purpose of this paper is to give a polynomial-time algorithm for constructing such a tree for M.     

Waves in a Perfectly Conducting Fluid Filling a Half-Space

The constant, maximal, energy preserving boundary conditionsfor the equations of magnetohydrodynamics in a perfectly conductinghalf-space give rise to two essentially different selfadjointoperators in the case when the external magnetic field is orthogonalto the boundary and exactly one such operator when the externalfield is parallel to the boundary. Neither of these problemsadmits surface waves. For a normalized external field, the generalizedeigenfunction expansion is given below. It is shown that, inthe second case, the modes are not coupled by the boundary,while for only one boundary condition for the orthogonal fieldis the wave motion essentially that of free space (in the sensethat solutions are delivered by the group which determines solutionsfor the free space problem for special initial data). The Alvnwave in the parallel field case acts as a grazing wave. Asymptoticwave motion for perturbed problems (inhomogeneous media) isinvestigated as well as local decay of energy (this is not altogethertrivial, since the operators involved are never coercive evenoff their null spaces).     

Scheduling arrivals to a production system in a fuzzy environment

A frequently encountered scheduling problem is to determine a material and job ready time while simultaneously finding a production sequence given customer-specified due dates. Often the production times and due dates are vague. This paper presents an investigation of scheduling ready times for a set of jobs with fuzzy service times and due dates. The ready time is constrained in that the possibility that a job is late must not exceed a predefined value. The objective in such an instance is to maximize the ready time without violating these constraints. The steps necessary to determine the maximum ready time and cases in which this effort may be significantly reduced are presented for single machine and flow shop production systems. Finally, a branch and bound technique is developed for cases in which the optimal job sequence cannot be determined a priori.     

Contextualism on a pragmatic,not a skeptical,footing

Contextualism is supposed to explain why the following argument for skepticism seems plausible: (1) I don’t know that I am not a bodiless brain-in-a-vat (BIV); (2) If I know I have hands, then I know I am not a bodiless BIV; (3) Therefore, I do not know I have hands. Keith DeRose claims that (1) and (2) are “initially plausible.” I claim that (1) is initially plausible only because of an implicit argument that stands behind it; it is not intuitively plausible. The argument DeRose offers is based on the requirement of sensitivity, that is, on the idea that if you know something then you would not believe it if it were false. I criticize the sensitivity requirement thereby undercutting its support for (1) and the skeptical data that contextualism is meant to explain. While skepticism is not a plausible ground for contextualism, I argue that certain pragmatic considerations are. It’s plausible to think that to know something more evidence is required when more is at stake. The best way to handle skepticism is to criticize the arguments for it. We should not adopt contextualism as a means of accommodating skepticism even if there are other pragmatic reasons for being a contextualist about knowledge.     

Implicit and efficient schemes for a parabolic equation in a spherical layer

An implicit and an efficient three-level scheme for a parabolic equation in spherical coordinates is constructed in a spherical layer. No axial symmetry is assumed. The convergence rates of the schemes are estimated under minimum requirements on the initial data. The estimates are uniform with respect to the inner diameter of the domain. The order of convergence is τ^α/2 + h ^α, α = 1, 2, depending on the smoothness of the data. The results remain valid for a domain without a hole.     

Some conditions for hypervaluability of a ring by a totally ordered semigroup

The purpose of this paper is to give some conditions for a ring to be hyperbaluable by a totally ordered semigroup. In § 1 we give some preliminary definitions and results, and a bibliographical note. The theorem in § 2 provides a sufficient condition for hypervaluability. The theorem in § 3 provides a necessary and sufficient condition for hypervaluability. In § 4 we provide an example of a ring satisfying the conditions of theorem 2 and is therefore hypervaluable by a totally ordered semigroup.     

Concentration of Mechanical Stresses near a Hole in a Piezoceramic Layer

A new procedure for solving three-dimensional mixed antisymmetric problems of elasticity theory for a layer weakened by through tunnel holes is proposed. The boundary-value problem is reduced to a system of one-dimensional singular integral equations consisting of 3k (k = 1, 2, ...) equations. The calculation results for characteristic stresses are presented.     

On a Conformal Gap and Finiteness Theorem for a Class of Four-Manifolds

In this paper we develop a bubble tree structure for a degenerating class of Riemannian metrics satisfying some global conformal bounds on compact manifolds of dimension 4. Applying the bubble tree structure, we establish a gap theorem, a finiteness theorem for diffeomorphism type for this class, and make a comparison of the solutions of the σ_k equations on a degenerating family of Bach-flat metrics. The first author is supported by NSF Grant DMS–0245266. The second author is supported in part by NSF Grant DMS–0402294. The third author is supported by NSF Grant DMS–0245266. Received: August 2005 Accepted: June 2006     

Phenomenological model of interaction of a plate with a flow

In the present paper, a finite-dimensional phenomenological model of unsteady interaction of a rigid plate with a flow is proposed. It is assumed that the plate performs translational motion across the flow. The internal dynamics of the flow is modeled by the attached second order dynamical system. It is shown that the model allows satisfactory agreement with experimental data. With the developed model an inverse problem of dynamics is examined for the situation where the plate performing uniform translational motion at some moment begins uniform deceleration and finally stops. It is shown that for sufficiently large values of the plate acceleration for some time range the flow does not resist the motion of the plate but “accelerates” it. It is shown also that the equations of motion in the context of the proposed model can be reduced to the integro-differential form, and comparison with the known model of S. M. Belotserkovsky is performed. The structural resemblance of the motion equations for a body in flow in both models is noted. The domain of applicability of the quasi-stationary model is examined. __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 11, No. 7, pp. 43–62, 2005.     

Interaction of a hollow cylinder of finite length and a plate with a cylindrical cavity with a rigid insert

Two problems of the interaction of a hollow circular cylinder with load-free ends and an unbounded plate with a cylindrical cavity and a symmetrically imbedded rigid insert are considered. Homogeneous solutions are found and the generalized orthogonality of these solutions is used when the modified boundary conditions are satisfied. As a result, we have a system of two integral equations in functions of the displacements of the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow cylinder. These functions are sought in the form of sums of a trigonometric series and a power function with a root singularity. The ill-posed infinite systems of linear algebraic equations obtained are regularized by the introduction of small positive parameters. Since the elements of the matrices of the systems as well as the contact stresses are defined by poorly converging numerical and functional series, an efficient method for calculating of the remainders of the above-mentioned series is developed. Formulae are found for the contact pressure distribution function and the integral characteristic. Examples of the calculation of the interaction of the cylinder and the plate with an insert are given.The method of solving contact problems described here has been used earlier1, 2 and the generalized orthogonality of the solutions found for bodies of finite dimensions, that is, for a rectangle and cylinders of finite length, is its basis. Problems for hollow cylinders with a band ² and an insert reduce to a system of two integral equations, and the problem for a rectangle¹ reduces to one integral equation. Solving these integral equations, ill-posed systems of linear algebraic equations are obtained which are subject to regularization³.     

A sphere in a second degree polynomial creeping flow parallel to a wall

Comprehensive results are provided for the creeping flow arounda spherical particle in a viscous fluid close to a plane wall,when the external velocity is parallel to the wall and variesas a second degree polynomial in the coordinates. By linearityof Stokes equations, the solution is a sum of flows for typicalunperturbed flows: a pure shear flow, a ‘modulated shearflow’, for which the rate of shear varies linearly inthe direction normal to the wall, and a quadratic flow. Solutionsconsidered here use the bipolar coordinates technique. Theycomplement the accurate results of Chaoui and Feuillebois (2003)for the pure shear flow. The solution of Goren and O'Neill (1971)for the quadratic flow is reconsidered and a new analyticalsolution is derived for the ambient modulated shear flow. Theperturbed flow fields for these two cases are presented in detailand discussed. Results for the force and torque friction factorsare provided with a 5 x 10^–17 accuracy as a reference.For the quadratic flow, there is a force and a torque on a fixedsphere. A minimum value of the torque is found for a gap ofabout 0·18a, where a is the sphere radius. This minimumis interpreted in term of the corresponding flow structure.For the modulated shear flow, there is only a torque. The freemotion of a sphere in an ambient quadratic flow is also determined.     

Optimal construction of a selection of a subpopulation

Summary The problem of selecting a subpopulation from a given populationII is to be, on the basis of measurements of members ofII, achieved by choosing those members ofII who satisfy the standards determined by a given selection cirterion and rejecting those who do not. Since the optimum selection depends on the unknown parameter of the probability distribution ofII, it is here considered how to construct a decision function from the space of subsidiary sample having infor-mation on θ to the space of selections. Thus the existence of Bayes and minimax decision functions under the constraint defined by the selection criterion is proved. A necessary and sufficient condition for a decision function satisfying the constraint to be a Bayes decision function is also obtained. The Institute of Statistical Mathematics