A novel scheme of hybrid entanglement swapping and teleportation using cavity QED in the small and large detuning regimes and quasi-Bell state measurement method

We outline a scheme for entanglement swapping based on cavity QED as well as quasi-Bell state measurement(quasiBSM) methods. The atom–field interaction in the cavity QED method is performed in small and large detuning regimes.We assume two atoms are initially entangled together and, distinctly two cavities are prepared in an entangled coherent–coherent state. In this scheme, we want to transform entanglement to the atom-field system. It is observed that, the fidelities of the swapped entangled state in the quasi-BSM method can be compatible with those obtained in the small and large detuning regimes in the cavity QED method(the condition of this compatibility will be discussed). In addition, in the large detuning regime, the swapped entangled state is obtained by detecting and quasi-BSM approaches. In the continuation,by making use of the atom–field entangled state obtained in both approaches in a large detuning regime, we show that the atomic as well as field states teleportation with complete fidelity can be achieved.     

Generation of maximally entangled atom pairs in driven dissipative cavity QED systems

We investigate the entanglement of an open tripartite system where a cavity field mode in thermal equilibrium is off-resonantly coupled with two atoms that are simultaneously driven by a resonant coherent field. For moderately detuned atom-field coupling and strong atomic driving we show the generation, at given interaction times and for low enough cavity decay rates, of atomic Bell states and of Bell state superpositions relevant for quantum gates implementation. The system can oscillate between bi-separable and fully separable states. Also we describe the distribution of quantum correlations between the atom-atom and the two atom-field subsystems. In the dispersive coupling regime with strongly driven atoms we show the generation of nearly stationary Bell states which remain protected from cavity dissipation.     

光腔中两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的受激辐射特性和量子相变

研究了单模光腔中两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的基态性质和相关的量子相变.通过利用自旋相干态变换将等效赝自旋哈密顿算符对角化并求得基态能量泛函.基态能量泛函对其经典场变量进行变分并取极小值,得到光子数解和相边界曲线.通过稳定性讨论发现系统除了出现正常相和超辐射相之外,还得到了多稳的宏观量子态;受激辐射来自于原子数反转的集体态,单组分的Dicke系统中并没有此现象;受激辐射只能从一组分的原子中产生,而另外的仍保持在普通超辐射状态.通过调整相关的原子-场耦合强度和频率失谐,超辐射和受激辐射态的顺序可以在原子的两个组分之间互换.     

Dicke Quantum Phase Transition for a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Two-Mode Optical Cavity

In this paper we mainly discuss the ground state properties of the two-mode Dicke model, which is realized in an ensemble of two-level atoms interacting simultaneously with two quantized cavity fields. We reveal rich phase diagrams and discover the second-order quantum phase transition from the normal phase to the superradiant phase by means of the spin-coherent-state variational method. While the critical phase transition point can be shifted by the detuning of the cavity mode or the atom-field coupling imbalance parameter. The collective atom-field coupling imbalance parameter can make the phase transition point symmetrically shift left or right in the resonance or non-resonance. If the two collective atom-photon coupling strengths are not equal in the resonance, the system may be in different phases, while the phases occupied are completely symmetrical. When one of the coupling constants vanishes or two couplings are equal, the ground-states’s properties and related QPT reduce to that of a standard or an ordinary Dicke model.

     

通过绝热过程实现任意一原子态的隐形传态(英文)

我们利用腔场和激光相互作用,提出一个冗余的、对消相干不敏感的方案,来传输任意一个三能级原子的态.由于原子自发跃迁和腔延迟作用会造成信息丢失,通过用部分绝热过程和适当的原子场耦合的设计,信息丢失能够被有效的抑制,此方案传送成功的几率是0.5,保真度是1.     

纠缠Ξ-型三能级原子与纠缠腔场相互作用熵的纠缠演化

文章利用一对处于纠缠态的-型三能级原子与一对处于纠缠态的单模腔场,初始时刻原子与腔场之间互不纠缠,使其中一个原子与一个腔场发生相互作用,即纠缠交换,合适选择相互作用时间就可实现原子与腔场之间产生纠缠,并研究了系统原子熵的演化特性,运用量子熵理论,讨论了原子-腔场的耦合常数对原子熵的影响,结果表明：原子与光场跃迁耦合常数对系统熵的最大纠缠度有影响.当原子与光场两种跃迁耦合常数之比k值增大时,最大纠缠度在减小;当k增大到某一程度时,系统熵随时间周期性变化,并出现双峰现象。     

Cavity-mediated entanglement between distant atoms: Effect of spatial dispersion

The decoherence effect of spatial atomic dispersion on entangled states prepared between two non-interacting atoms that pass through a resonant electromagnetic cavity is studied in detail. Entanglement is shown to oscillate with the atom-field interaction time with an amplitude that decays due to inhomogeneous coupling strength. An upper bound for the entanglement that can be obtained using this procedure is introduced and evaluated numerically for different sets of system parameters. This magnitude depends solely on the overlap between atomic wavefunctions evolved according to two different atom-field interactions. Analytical expressions for the associated decay rate are obtained under different approximations.     

Conditional large Fock state preparation and field state reconstruction in cavity QED

We propose a scheme for producing large Fock states in cavity QED via the implementation of a highly selective atom-field interaction. It is based on Raman excitation of a three-level atom by a classical field and a quantized field mode. Selectivity appears when one tunes to resonance a specific transition inside a chosen atom-field subspace, while other transitions remain dispersive, as a consequence of the field dependent electronic energy shifts. We show that this scheme can be also employed for reconstructing, in a new and efficient way, the Wigner function of the cavity field state.     

A proposal for testing complementarity with cavity QED techniques

We propose a method to test Bohr complemetarity with cavity QED techniques. It involves an atomic beam passing through two Ramsey zones and a nonresonant cavity initially filled with a strong coherent field. In the absence of the cavity field the probability of finding the atom in a definite state exhibits interference. Due to the dispersive atom-field interaction the paths by which the atom reach the definite state are remarked and thus the interference is destroyed. The associated quantum eraser is also presented.     

Effect of the Time-Dependent Atom-Field Couplings on Entanglement

A model containing two two-level atoms and a single-mode cavity is considered, and the effect of the time-dependent atom-field couplings on entanglement between the two atoms is studied. The results indicate that both for one-photon processes and for two-photon processes, the disappearance of the initial entanglement is delayed due to the linear modulation of the atom-field coupling coefficients as compared to the constant coupling model. The delayed time of the disappearance of the initial entanglement for the two-photon processes is much longer than that for the one-photon processes in the case of adiabatic variation.     

Dynamics of dispersive photon-number QND measurements in a micromaser

A numerical analysis of dispersive quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon number of a microwave cavity field is presented. Simulations show that a key property of the dispersive atom-field interaction used in Ramsey interferometry is the extremely high sensitivity of the dynamics of atomic and field states to basic parameters of the system. When a monokinetic atomic beam is sent through a microwave cavity, a qualitative change in the field state can be caused by an uncontrollably small deviation of parameters (such as atom path length through the cavity, atom velocity, cavity mode frequency detuning, or atom-field coupling constants). The resulting cavity field can be either in a Fock state or in a super-Poissonian state (characterized by a large photon-number variance). When the atoms have a random velocity spread, the field is squeezed to a Fock state for arbitrary values of the system’s parameters. However, this makes detection of Ramsey fringes impossible, because the probability of detecting an atom in the upper or lower electronic state becomes a random quantity almost uniformly distributed over the interval between zero and unity, irrespective of the cavity photon number.     

Creation of atomic W state in a cavity by adiabatic passage

We propose two relatively robust schemes to generate controllable (deterministic) atomic W states of three Λ-like atoms interacting with an optical cavity and a laser beam. Losses due to atomic spontaneous emissions and to cavity decay are efficiently suppressed by employing adiabatic passage technique and appropriately designed atom-field couplings. In these schemes the three atoms traverse the cavity-mode and the laser beam and become entangled in the free space outside the cavity.     

Teleportation of a Weak Coherent Cavity Field State

In this paper we propose a scheme to teleport a weak coherent cavity field state. The scheme relies on the resonant atom-field interaction inside a high-Q cavity. The mean photon-number of the cavity field is assumed much smaller than one, hence the field decay inside the cavity can be effectively suppressed.     

V-型三能级原子与双模腔场模型中的纠缠交换方案

文章利用V-型三能级原子与双模腔场双光子共振相互作用,提出了一种纠缠交换的方案制备最大纠缠态,此方案不需要Bell基测量,只需对单个原子进行测量,就能实现初始没有直接相互作用的原子与腔场之间产生纠缠,合适选择原子与腔场之间的相互作用时间可获得具有最大保真度以及成功几率的最大纠缠态,另外,还讨论了该方案的实验可行性.     

Effect of the Time-Dependent Atom-Field Couplings on Entanglement

A model containing two two-level atoms and a single-mode cavity is considered, and the effect of the time-dependent atom-field couplings on entanglement between the two atoms is studied. The results indicate that both for one-photon processes and for two-photon processes, the disappearance of the initial entanglement is delayed due to the linear modulation of the atom-field coupling coefficients as compared to the constant coupling model. The delayed time of the disappearance of the initial entanglement for the two-photon processes is much longer than that for the one-photon processes in the case of adiabatic variation.     

Test of Nonlocality with an Atom-Field Entangled State

We propose a scheme for the test of nonlocality with atom-field entanglement. An atom is sent through a cavity filled with a coherent field with a small amplitude. The dispersive interaction leads to atom-field entanglement.Then the field is driven by a classical current. The Bell inequality can be tested by the joint measurement of the parity of the field and the atomic state.     

Nonlinear Effect and Atomic Entanglement in a Coupled-Cavity Array

By introducing the nonlinear effects that arise from Kerr medium, we theoretically study the nonlinear effect and the entanglement between two atoms in two coupled cavities. We give out the process of dynamic stability and solve the eigen problem of the system under high-intensive fields. The dynamics of the two coupled cavity with high-intensity fields inside is also studied numerically, the effects of atom-field coupling on the self-trapping as well as on the entanglement are also analyzed and discussed. In vacuum and high-intensity fields we calculate the concurrence of the two atoms in both theoretical and realistic situation, and discuss the nonlinear effect on the atomic entanglement. The result shows that the nonlinear interaction can play a controlling role in entangling two atoms.     

Implementation of quantum controlled phase gate and preparation of multiparticle entanglement in cavity QED

Schemes are presented for realizing quantum controlled phase gate and preparing an N-qubit W-like state, which are based on the large-detuned interaction among three-state atoms, dual-mode cavity and a classical pulse. In particular, a class of W states that can be used for perfect teleportation and superdense coding is generated by only one step. Compared with the previous schemes, cavity decay is largely suppressed because the cavity is only virtually excited and always in the vacuum state and the atomic spontaneous emission is strongly restrained due to a large atom-field detuning.     

Entanglement assisted fast reordering of atoms in an optical lattice within a cavity at T = 0

Laser-illuminated atoms in an optical resonator exhibit a phase transition between the homogenous distribution and two possible ordered configurations in the optical lattice formed by the cavity and pump fields. At zero temperature, atom-field entanglement plays a crucial role in the spatial reordering of the atoms from a homogeneous towards the two ordered states, where all atoms occupy either only even or only odd lattice sites. Concurrent with the buildup of atom-field entanglement, the homogeneous atomic cloud evolves immediately into the superposition of the two stable patterns entangled with opposite cavity field amplitudes. This possibility is absent in a factorized (classical) treatment of atoms and field and should be generic for spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum phase transitions in optical potentials.     

Two simple schemes for implementing Toffoli gate via atom--cavity field interaction in cavity quantum electrodynamics

This paper proposes two schemes for implementing three-qubit Toffoli gate with an atom (as target qubit) sent through a two-mode cavity (as control qubits). The first scheme is based on the large-detuning atom--cavity field interaction and the second scheme is based on the resonant atom-field interaction. Both the situations with and without cavity decay and atomic spontaneous emission are considered. The advantages and the experimental feasibility of these two schemes are discussed.