交联苯乙烯/丙烯酰胺共聚微球的制备及其C60功能化初探

以二乙烯基苯（ＤＶＢ）为交联剂,利用一次科料分散共聚合的方法合成了交联的苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）／丙烯酰胺（Ａｍ）共聚微球。实验发现,共聚单体Ａｍ的投料量和介质的极性对微球的形态有着显著的影响。在反应过程中并联ＰＳ链段和ＰＡｍ链段发生相分离,使粒子产生异形。随后,通过微球上的酰胺基团与Ｃ６０的反应,将Ｃ６０引入微球表面。初步的光电导性能测试表明,带有Ｃ６０的微球具有较好的光电导性能。     

侧链含不同功能性羟基的温敏性N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物微凝胶的制备及性能比较

选择含有活性羟基的亲水单体多缩乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGMA)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA),分别和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)交联共聚,制备了侧链含有功能性羟基、链长不同的温敏性微凝胶.研究发现,亲水单体HEMA和PEGMA的引入对微凝胶的去溶胀性能有不同的影响,PEGMA的引入使得微凝胶的体积相转变温度升高,微凝胶的去溶胀比随着PEGMA投料比的增加而降低.而HEMA的引入使得微凝胶的体积相转变温度降低;微凝胶的去溶胀比随着HEMA投料比的增加先是增加然后降低,当HEMA的投料比为8mol%时,去溶胀比达到最大.     

含四-苯基卟啉基团聚酰亚胺膜的光电导性能研究

分剐以均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)与四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉(TAPP)／4，4′-二苯醚(ODA)、TAPP／3，6-二氨基-N-甲基咔唑(DACz)聚合得到两个系列含四-苯基卟啉基团(TPP)聚酰亚胺(PI)共聚膜，并时其作为载流子发生层(CGL)制成的感光体的光电导性能进行了测试。结果表明：PI共聚膜的光电导性能随分子链中TPP基团含量的提高而增强；当TPP基团含量相同时，PMDA／TAPP／ODA系列的光电导性能较PMDA／TAPP／DACz系列好；含TPP基团PI共聚膜的光电导性能明显优于四-苯基卟啉分子掺杂体系；在CGL与导电铝基间引入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)阻挡层(CBL)不能提高感光体的光电导性能。从光电导机理分析了TPP基团、四-苯基卟啉分子的聚集结构与PI膜光电导性能的关系。     

沉淀聚合法制备窄分散聚(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-co-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)功能聚合物微球

以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为共聚单体,采用沉淀聚合法制备了不同交联度的窄分散聚合物微球,考察了共聚单体对聚合物微球粒度、分散性以及产率的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱对微球进行了表征,SEM结果显示当EGDMA的比例在40mol%～70mol%之间时,可得到单分散的poly-(GMA-co-EGDMA)微球.     

蒸馏沉淀聚合法制备窄分散聚二乙烯基苯-co-丙烯腈功能聚合物微球

采用蒸馏沉淀聚合法,利用过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,在不加任何稳定剂和不搅拌的情况下,丙烯腈(AN)和二乙烯基苯(DVB)为共聚单体制备了不同交联度的微米和亚微米窄分散聚合物微球,考查了共聚单体对球体的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱对微球进行了表征.     

乙酸中沉淀聚合制备窄分散聚二乙烯基苯微球

在沉淀聚合中利用含无毒的乙酸溶剂合成出窄分散交联聚二乙烯基苯(PDVB-55)微球,用扫描电镜(SEM)对其表面形态和粒度进行了表征,结果显示PDVB-55微球均匀且互相分离,平均粒径是2.69μm.X射线光电能谱(XPS)分析表面化学组成显示,微球表面有大量残余双键.     

一种真孔离子交换树脂微球的制备及其孔结构性能与色谱的应用

以聚苯乙烯甲苯溶液为致孔剂,可以制得孔形较规整,孔径分布较均匀,耐高压(200kg/cm~2左右)的交联聚苯乙烯磺酸型离子交换树脂微球。本文对交联20％苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚微球,用不同致孔剂致孔后的性能及其磺化前后孔结构形态的变化,以及在色谱分析上的应用进行了探讨。     

交联微球GMA/MMA的表面化学改性及卟啉在其上的固载化

采用悬浮聚合法,制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的交联共聚微球GMA/MMA。在此基础上,使用Brnsted酸对羟基苯甲醛(HBA)对交联微球进行了化学改性,通过环氧基团的开环反应,将HBA键合在交联微球表面,制得了化学改性微球HBA-GMA/MMA;重点考察了主要反应条件对改性反应的影响,表明采用极性较强的溶剂并升高温度有利于改性反应的进行。随后以微球HBA-GMA/MMA、溶液中的苯甲醛衍生物及吡咯为共反应物,使Adler反应在固-液界面上进行,实现了卟啉在交联微球GMA/MMA表面的同步合成与固载。     

沉淀聚合法Poly(DVB-co-EGDMA-co-MAA)功能聚合物微球的制备及表征

采用二乙烯基苯-55(DVB-55)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)作为混合交联剂,乙腈为溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体采用沉淀聚合法合成了单分散或窄分散的、表面具有羧基的交联聚合物微球,所得微球的粒径变化范围为0.6～3.8μm.通过调节交联剂DVB-55和EGDMA的投料比,可以对微球的粒径、粒径分布、产率、热稳定性以及表面官能团含量进行有效控制.文中对混合交联剂DVB-55与EGDMA比例的改变对微球的粒径、粒径分布以及产率的影响机理给出了理论解释;对DVB和EGDMA的兼容性研究表明,制备的三元聚合物微球的核拥有比投料比稍多的DVB单元,而微球的外层则以在预聚混合物中占更大比例的交联剂为主.     

在聚合物微球HEMA/NVP表面接枝聚合甲基丙烯酸的研究

采用悬浮聚合法制备了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的交联共聚微球;接着用甲基丙烯酰氯对交联微球进行了表面化学改性,将可聚合双键引入微球表面,制得了改性微球;然后,用"接出"法实施了甲基丙烯酸(MAA)在改性微球表面的接枝聚合,得到了接枝微球.用红外光谱法对几种微球的化学结构进行了表征,使用扫描电镜观察了形貌;考察了对MAA接枝聚合的主要影响因素.结果表明,交联微球在表面改性后,可顺利地实现MAA在微球表面的接枝聚合;在接枝聚合过程中,微球表面所产生的接枝聚合物层会形成动力学位垒,反应12h后接枝度不再变化,且在接枝度-温度与接枝度.引发剂用量曲线上出现最高点;接枝聚合适宜的反应温度为70℃,引发剂用量为单体质量的0.3%.对碱性蛋白的吸附性能的观察表明,在氢键与静电相互作用的协同作用下,接枝微球对溶菌酶具有很强的吸附能力.     

用原子转移自由基聚合法合成末端含碳笼烯-60的窄分子量分布聚苯乙烯

Ｃ６０是碳笼烯一族的代表,其独特的球笼形空间结构和电子结构决定了其有许多奇异的性质［１］．关于Ｃ６０的化学反应性的研究方兴未艾［２］,其中Ｃ６０的高分子衍生物的合成也是关注所在．迄今关于含Ｃ６０的高聚物的合成已有许多报道［３,４］,而关于窄分布的含Ｃ６０高聚物的合成的研究尚少．Ｆｒｅｙ等［５］将阴离子聚合所得的聚苯乙烯链的末端转变为氨基,再与过量的Ｃ６０发生单电子转移加成反应制得窄分布的以Ｃ６０封端的聚苯乙烯．Ａｓｔｒｕｓ等［６］将活性阳离子聚合所得的六臂星形聚苯乙烯的末端转化为氨基,得到Ｃ６０…     

微波辐照下无皂阳离子聚(St-MMA)高分子纳米粒子的制备和表征

讨论了微波辐照下 ,以丙酮 水为分散介质 ,利用阳离子型自由基引发剂偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(AIBA)引发苯乙烯 (St)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)共聚 ,合成出表面带正电荷的P(St MMA)共聚物纳米粒子 ,考察了丙酮用量、单体和引发剂浓度对纳米粒子粒径、粒径分布和乳液稳定性的影响 .结果表明 ,丙酮 水的体积比由 0增加到 1 2 6∶1时 ,粒子的平均水化半径从 12 2 2 1nm降低到 2 4 6 8nm ,粒径分布变宽 ,乳液抗电解质稳定性逐渐增强 ;增加引发剂和共聚单体MMA的浓度 ,粒子的水化半径逐渐减小 ,粒径分散系数增大 .     

聚合物纳米微粒静电组装行为及其表征

使用2,2′-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐自由基引发剂,改变甲基丙烯酰氧乙基十六烷基二甲基溴化铵阳离子功能单体的量与苯乙烯进行乳液聚合获得不同粒径的阳离子乳胶粒,使用十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂和过硫酸钾为引发剂制备阴离子聚合物乳胶粒.采用基于静电相互作用的异凝聚法将以上2种带有相反电荷的乳胶粒组装,获得了表面粗糙程度不同的复合微粒.对异凝聚过程中复合液透光率和微粒大小及分布进行跟踪测试,并用透射电子显微镜表征了阳离子微粒、阴离子微粒以及复合微粒的形态和大小.结果表明,在一定范围内可以通过控制阴离子乳胶粒与阳离子乳胶粒的复合比例改变单个复合微粒表面阳离子小微粒的数目.     

Uniform nonspherical latex particles as model interpenetrating polymer networks

Polystyrene/polystyrene latex interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene–divinylbenzene mixtures in crosslinked monodisperse polystyrene particles. The resulting latexes comprised uniform nonspherical particles, e.g., ellipsodal and egg-like singlets, symmetry and asymmetric doublets, and ice cream cone-like and popcorn-like multiplets. The nonspherical particles, which were formed by separation of the second-stage monomer from the crosslinked seed network during swelling and polymerization, are excellent models for studying phase separation in IPN's. The degree of phase separation increased with increasing degree of crosslinking of the seed particles, monomer/polymer swelling ratio, polymerization temperature, and seed particle size, and with decreasing divinylbenzene concentration in the swelling monomer. The results were consistent with a thermodynamic analysis based on the elastic-retractile force of the polymer network, the monomer/polymer mixing force, and interfacial tension force.     

液相控制沉淀法制备纳米级Co3O4微粉

报道了一种液相控制沉淀与分解制备Co₃O₄超微粉的方法.研究表明,采用液相沉淀控制技术,无需引入高分子保护剂,同样可以制备出晶粒细小、粒度分布均匀、无团聚的高质量Co₃O₄超微粉.该法工艺简单、成本低、产率高.     

Model filled polymers. VIII. Synthesis of crosslinked polymeric beads by seed polymerization

Monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene (PS) and polymethacrylate (PMA) beads of sizes greater than 1 μm in diameter are prepared by particle nucleation onto pre-existing polymer seeds in a multistage emulsion polymerization, in the absence of emulsifier. An adequate seed number concentration, which decreases with increasing seed size, is necessary to achieve monodisperse beads. Monodisperse multicomposition beads are prepared by polymerizing styrene onto PMA seeds, but not by polymerizing methyl methacrylate onto PS seeds. Phase separation in growing seed particles or surface polymerization following free radical capture may lead to the formation of asymmetric shaped particles.     

Mechanical properties of composite heterogeneous gels

Composites with a matrix of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and 10% by volume of various crosslinked PHEMA polymer fillers (prepared by copolymerization with 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, and 20.0% by weight of ethylenedimethacrylate) of particle size about 1 μm were prepared. Some polymer matrixes were prepared from soluble branched PHEMA (Hydron S), and others by copolymerization, in the presence of the filler with 0.4 and 1.0% of ethylenedimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent. In the case of the uncrosslinked matrix, a linear polymer–crosslinked polymer system, resulted; in the case of the crosslinked matrix, a composite heterogeneous network was formed (in the latter case, the particles of the filler were swollen with monomer during the crosslinking polymerization). Stress–strain, equilibrium, and ultimate characteristics were measured at 3, 10, 25, 40, 60, and 80°C on samples swollen to equilibrium in water (T_g ≈ ?50°C) and at 80, 110, and 140°C on dry samples (T_g ≈ 100°C). Depending on experimental conditions, above all on the distance from the main transition region and on whether the polymer is dry or swollen, it was found that the measured hydrophilic composite systems behaves as a filled system (with the polymer filler acting mostly as solid particles, irrespective of the crosslink density) or as a system with crosslink density fluctuations (where both networks, the matrix and the filler, contribute roughly additively to the properties of the system), or finally as defect heterogeneous systems (where the properties depend primarily on the character of the polymer–filler interface).     

Polymer mediated peptide immobilization onto amino-containing N-isopropylacrylamide-styrene core-shell particles

Monodisperse cationic core-shell latex particles have been prepared using a shot polymerization process, with N-(3-aminopropyl)-methacrylamide-hydrochloride (APMH) as the functional monomer. The final latexes were characterized with respect to final polymerization conversion, water soluble polymer formation, particle size and size distribution, surface charge density and electrokinetic properties. Then the covalent grafting of maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether (MAMVE) copolymer onto aminated latex particles was investigated. The most efficient conditions to obtain derivatised particles with no alteration of the colloidal stability were to control both polymer amount/latex particles concentration ratio and the mixing method of the two species. The charge inversion of the hydrolysed MAMVE functionalized particles was demonstrated by measuring the electrophoretic mobility as a function of pH. Finally, the covalent binding approach was implemented with peptide-MAMVE conjugates, confirming the great potential of this promising methodology for the preparation of reactive latex particles bearing peptides.     

Classical molecular dynamics study of [60]fullerene interactions with silica and polyester surfaces

This study examines the interaction of neutral and charged fullerenes with model silica and polyester surfaces. Molecular dynamics simulations at 298 K indicate that van der Waals forces are sufficiently strong in most cases to cause physisorption of the neutral fullerene particle onto the surfaces. The fullerenes are unable to penetrate the rigid silica surface but are generally able to at least partially infiltrate the flexible polymer surface by opening surface cavities. The introduction of charge to the fullerene generally leads to an increase in both the separation distance and Work of Separation with silica. However, the charged fullerenes generally exhibit significantly closer and stronger interactions with polyester films, with a distinct tendency to absorb into the "bulk" of the polymer. The separation distance and Work of Separation of C60 with each of the surfaces also depend greatly on the sign, magnitude, and localization of the charge on the particle. Cross-linking of the polyester can improve resistance to the neutral fullerene. Functionalization of the polyester surface (F and OH substituents) has been shown to prevent the C60 from approaching as close to the polyester surface. Fluorination leads to improved resistance to positively charged fullerenes, compared to the unmodified polyester. However, hydroxylation generally enables greater adhesion of charged fullerenes to the surface due to H-bonding and electrostatic attraction.     

Impact of initiators in preparing magnetic polymer particles by miniemulsion polymerization

Sub-micron sized polystyrene particles containing magnetite more than 30 wt.% were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization with commercially available ferricolloid. The effects of some water-soluble initiators and/or oil-soluble initiators on the particles characteristics, such as the size, morphology, magnetic properties and colloidal stability, were studied. The size of monomer droplets/polymer particles increased from 60 to 300 nm during polymerization, keeping magnetic in core when potassium persulfate (KPS) or ammonium persulfate (APS) was used as the sole initiator. These particles were easily separated from the medium within short time scale in external magnetic field, while such characteristics were controlled by the amount of persulfate used for the polymerization. In contrast, when 2,2′-azobis isobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as the initiator, the size of droplets/particles was retained to be 90 nm at the most and magnetite nanoparticles located at the surface of polystyrene particles, which were so colloidally stable that they were not separated in external magnetic field. The above-mentioned effect of initiators on particle size in persulfate system was likely originated from the decrease of pH value and the increase of ionic strength, which induced the fusion of droplets/particles containing magnetite. Mixed-initiators system resulted in intermediate characteristics, compared with each initiator system. The location of magnetite in the particle seems to depend on where initiation/polymerization occurred in each initiator system.