Oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance study of some oxirane derivatives

The ¹⁷O chemical shifts of seventeen variously substituted oxiranes have been measured in CDCI₃ solution. Deviations of δ_o from additivity have been interpreted in terms of steric effects and loss of conjugation. Moreover, in the case of certain cis- and trans-dimethyl-substituted compounds, ¹⁷O NMR allows a differentiation between the different molecular configurations.     

Oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance study of some five-membered heterocyclic derivatives

¹⁷O NMR spectra have been obtained in the FT mode for some furan and isoxazole derivatives. The chemical shifts, mainly governed by the electronegativities of the atoms bonded to the central oxygen, are also affected by alkylation on the different positions of the ring systems, which gives rise to β and γ effects similar to those observed for simple aliphatic ethers.     

Concentration-dependent self-diffusion of liquids in nanopores: a nuclear magnetic resonance study

Nuclear magnetic resonance has been applied to study the details of molecular motion of low-molecular-weight polar and nonpolar organic liquids in nanoporous silicon crystals of straight cylindrical pore morphology at different pore loadings. Effective self-diffusion coefficients as obtained using the pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance method were found to pass through a maximum with increasing concentration for all liquids under study. Taking account of a concentration-dependent coexistence of capillary condensed, adsorbed and gaseous phases a generalized model for the effective self-diffusion coefficient was developed and shown to satisfactorily explain the experimental results. An explicit use of the adsorption isotherm properties within the model extends its applicability to the mesoporous range and highlights the role of surface interaction for the transport of molecules in small pores. The problem of surface diffusion and diffusion of multilayered molecules is also addressed.     

A neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance study of the structure of GeO2-P2O5 glasses

Germanophosphate (GeO2-P2O5) glasses were studied with neutron diffraction, phosphorus, and oxygen nuclear magnetic resonance, calorimetry, viscosity measurements, and first-principles calculations. These data sets were combined to propose a structural model of GeO2-P2O5 glasses, which includes tetrahedrally coordinated phosphorus, formation of octahedrally coordinated germanium as P2O5 content increases, an absence of trigonally coordinated oxygen, and hence an absence of rutile-like GeO2 domains. The structural model was then used to propose explanations for both the observed composition dependence of the glass transition temperature and the fragility of the GeO2-P2O5 liquids.     

Water leaching of high and ultra high performance concrete: a nuclear magnetic resonance study

The consequences in terms of microstructure and texture of a prolonged contact between concrete and a continuous flow of mineral water have been investigated here by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) because of its non-invasiveness and sensitivity to local environment. In particular, we evidence the dissolution of residual anhydrous cement, which leads to the further precipitation of hydrates occurring over 12 months of leaching tests in High Performance Concrete (HPC) and Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC). The study of the longitudinal relaxation of proton magnetization shows that the difference of pore size distribution between these two types of concrete remains mostly in the number of capillary pores. Its evolution with the time of water leaching up to the end of our experiment is not significant.     

Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance to study the structure of platinum-group metal complexes in aqueous solutions

The review includes comprehensive NMR data on platinum metals (^99,101Ru, ¹⁰³Rh, ¹⁰⁵Pd, ¹⁸⁷Os, ¹⁹⁵Pt) and ligand donor atoms (¹H, ¹³C, ^14,15N, ¹⁷O, ¹⁹F, ³¹P) of metal complexes in aqueous solutions. A systematic analysis of NMR spectroscopy techniques is presented with focus on the measurements of NMR parameters in these systems. A novel concept referred to as coordinate shift is introduced, allowing interpretation of NMR spectra of platinum metal complexes. The review contains an encyclopedic NMR database covering a period of over 50 years from the first measured NMR spectra of platinum metals to 2014.     

Model-free nuclear magnetic resonance study of intermolecular free energy landscapes in liquids with paramagnetic Ln3+ spotlights: theory and application to Arg-Gly-Asp

We propose an easily applicable method for investigating the pair distribution function of a lanthanide Ln(3+) complex LnL (L = ligand) with respect to any solvent or solute molecule A carrying observable nuclear spins. Let r be the distance of Ln(3+) to the observed nuclear spin I. We derive a simple expression of the experimental value of the configurational average of 1/r(6) in terms of longitudinal paramagnetic relaxation (rate) enhancements (PREs) of the spin I measured on a standard high-resolution NMR spectrometer and due to well-chosen concentrations of LnL complexes in which Ln(3+) is a fast-relaxing paramagnetic lanthanide or the slowly-relaxing gadolinium Gd(3+). The derivation is justified in the general case of a molecule A which is by turns in a bound state where it follows the complex and a free state where it moves independently. It rests on the expression of the underlying PRE theory in terms of the angle-dependent pair distribution function of LnL and A. The simplifications of this theory in the high-field regime and under the condition of fast exchange between bound and free states are carefully discussed. We also show that original information on the angle dependence of the molecular pair distribution function can be gained from the measured paramagnetic dipolar shifts induced by complexed fast-relaxing Ln(3+) ions. The method is illustrated by the case study of the anionic Lnttha(3-) = [Ln(3+)(ttha)](3-) (ttha(6-) = triethylene tetraamine hexacetate) complex interacting with the biologically important tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) which carries peripheral ionic groups. The usefulness of an auxiliary reference outer sphere probe solute is emphasized.     

Micellization of CTAB in the presence of silicate anions and the exchange between bromide and silicate at the micelle surface: A step to understand the formation of mesoporous molecular sieves at extremely low surfactant and silicate concentrations

The effect of silicate anions, from dilute aqueous tetramethylammonium silicate (TMASi) solutions (0-3.0 mmol L(-1) in silicon), on the formation of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles was investigated by means of a series of simple conductivity experiments. These two compounds are used in the preparation of mesoporous silicate molecular sieves. An increase in the monovalent silicate anion concentration decreases the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of CTAB, as might be expected from the decreased repulsive forces between the polar heads of the surfactant molecules. However, the decrease in cmc values is less pronounced than that observed in the presence of bromide ions, suggesting that Br- binds more strongly than Si(OH)3O- at the micelle surface. Through the ion-exchange formalism, a selectivity coefficient for Si(OH)3O-/Br- exchange of 0.30+/-0.03 was estimated from the conductivity data. This value compares well with that of 0.4+/-0.1 also determined in this work by the pyrene fluorescence quenching method. The experimental results were used to rationalize the formation of a surfactant supramolecular-templated mesoporous molecular sieve at extremely low surfactant (0.63 mmol L(-1)) and silicate (4.00 mmol L(-1)) concentrations.     

Complete experimental and theoretical proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectral assignments,molecular structure and conformational study of 1‐cyclohexylpiperazine and 1‐(4‐pyridyl)piperazine

The possible stable forms and molecular structures of 1‐cyclohexylpiperazine (1‐chpp) and 1‐(4‐pyridyl)piperazine (1‐4pypp) molecules have been studied experimentally and theoretically using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy. ¹³C, ¹⁵N cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning NMR and liquid phase¹H, ¹³C, DEPT, COSY, HETCOR and INADEQUATE NMR spectra of 1‐chpp (C₁₀H₂₀N₂) and 1‐4pypp (C₉H₁₃N₂) have been reported. Solvent effects on nuclear magnetic shielding tensors have been investigated using CDCl₃, CD₃ OD, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)‐d₆, (CD₃)₂CO, D₂O and CD₂Cl₂. ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts have been calculated for the most stable two conformers, equatorial–equatorial (e–e) and axial–equatorial (a–e) forms of 1‐chpp and 1‐4pypp using B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p)//6‐31G(d) level of theory. Results from experimental and theoretical data showed that the molecular geometry and the mole fractions of stable conformers of both molecules are solvent dependent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of polyesters as binders for deinkable inks. I. Structural analysis of the polyesterification between o-phthalic anhydride and neopentyl glycol in bulk at 200°C by high resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR)

Analysis of the polyesterification in bulk without any external catalyst at 200°C of o-phthalic anhydride with neopentyl glycol (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol) with a mole ratio ([(SINGLE BOND) COOH]/[ (SINGLE BOND) OH]) = 0.7 has been carried out by high resolution ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR). Polyesters can be analyzed by ¹³C-NMR spectra because of the fact that both o-phthalic acid (o-phthalic anhydride) and neopentyl glycol carbons are sensitive to sequence effects. Spin-lattice relaxation times T₁, of quaternary, tertiary and secondary carbons in different structures are in the 0.1–6.5 s range depending on the neighboring residue effects in the polymer chain. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis of polyesters as binders for deinkable inks. VI. Structural analysis of the copolyesterification between o-phthalic anhydride,oleic acid,and trimethylolpropane in bulk at 160°C by high resolution 13C- and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (13C- and 1H-NMR)

A detailed structural analysis of the copolyesterification in bulk without any external catalyst at 160°C between o-phthalic anhydride (P), oleic acid (O), and trimethylolpropane (T) with a mol ratio ([ COOH]/[ OH]) = 0.70 has been carried out by high resolution ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR) (DMSO-d₆ and CDCl₃ solutions), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) (CDCl₃ solution), and by volumetry. The use of CDCl₃ as NMR solvent has allow us to identify several signals that have been assigned to trimethylolpropane monoesters with different esterification degrees in the o-phthalate residue. Identically, we have detected signals assignable to monoesters at the chain ends in structures with different chain lengths. These monoesterified structures have been also confirmed by analyzing samples modified by the diazomethane addition. These modified samples have been also used to determine free acid groups as their methoxylic derivatives by ¹H-NMR in CDCl₃ solution. We have not observed any detectable signs of gelation nor products produced by secondary reactions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 3409–3429, 1997     

A hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance,mass spectral and extended Hückel study of some olefin complexes of rhodium(I) and iridium(I) and the crystal and molecular structure of η4-2,4-dimethylpenta-1,4-diene(η5-formylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(I)

A ¹H NMR study of monosubstituted η-cyclopentadienyl-rhodium(I) complexes of type LLRh(C₅H₄X) and -iridium(I) complexes of type L₂Ir(C₅H₄X) (L = ethene, LL = 1,3- or 1,5-diolefin; X = C(C₆H₅)₃, CHO, or COOCH₃) has been carried out. For complexes of both metals in which the neutral ligand is ethene or a non-conjugated diolefin the NMR spectra of the cyclopentadienyl protons are unusual in that H(2), H(5) resonate to high field either at room temperature or below.The corresponding NMR spectra for the cyclopentadienyl ring protons of complexes where the neutral ligand is a conjugated diene are, with one exception, normal.A single crystal X-ray structural analysis of (η⁴-2,4-dimethylpenta-1,4-diene)(η⁵-formylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(I) (which exhibits an abnormal ¹H NMR spectrum) reveals substantial localisation of electron density in the C(3)C(4) Cp ring bond (1.283(33) Å) which may be consistent with a contribution from an ‘allyl-ene’ rotamer to the ring—metal bonding scheme. An extended Hückel calculation with self consistent charge iteration was performed on this complex.The results predict a greater Mulliken overlap population for the C(3)C(4) bond in the cyclopentadienyl ring and show that the localisation is dependent on both the Cp ring substituent and the nature of the diolefin. The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of some representative diene complexes of iridium(I) and rhodium(I) are presented.