对苯基苯酚的合成新方法

对苯基苯酚是重要的有机化工原料及中间体 ,广泛用于合成对苯基苯酚甲醛树脂、红外增感染料、绿色增感染料等 ,是彩色胶片的主要原料之一 .另外还用于合成唑啉类新型杀虫剂、钙通道桔抗剂、骨质疏松抑制剂等 .目前我国对苯基苯酚主要由磺化法生产苯酚的蒸馏残渣分离而得 ,国外主要采用二苯醚碱熔酸解和联苯磺化碱熔两种合成方法生产 [1] ,但碱熔时一般所需的条件较为苛刻 [2 ] .近年来国外有关于采用联苯的酶催化氢解以及苯在 Hg(OAc) 2 - Pd盐混合物催化下偶合得到混合二苯酚的方法合成对苯基苯酚 [3 ,4 ] ,但目前还不具备工业化生产的…     

(+)-柳杉酚的简便合成

报道了两种(+)-柳杉酚(6)的简便合成路线。路线1:脱氢枞胺(1)经脱氨还原,12-位Friedele-Crafts乙酰化,Baeyer-Villiger氧化,7-位氧化和水解5步反应合成了6,总产率18.6%。路线2:1经脱氨还原和7-位氧化反应制得7-氧代脱氢松香烷(7);7与过氧化邻苯二甲酰反应,然后水解合成了6,总产率22.0%。6的结构经1H NMR,IR,TOF-MS和元素分析确证。     

铁硅酸盐分子筛乙苯氧化脱氢催化性能研究：I.催化剂的表征及反应温…

本文合成了五种不同Ｓｉ／Ｆｅ比的Ｆｅ－ＺＳＭ－５分子筛，并进行了离子交换改性。ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ谱测试均表明Ｆｅ进入了分子筛骨架。用连续流动法考察了反应温度、ＥＢ／Ｏ２比对乙苯氧化脱氢活性的影响。结果表明，在８２３Ｋ和ＥＢ／Ｏ２＝１的条件下苯乙烯有最大收率。     

新型脱氢枞胺衍生物的合成及其抗自由基活性

通过不同的方法在脱氢枞胺中引入酰腙、没食子酸、肟、异烟基等对清除自由基有效果的基团,设计合成了几种新型的脱氢枞胺衍生物.利用1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和HRMS对所有合成的化合物进行了结构表征.测试了所合成的化合物对清除超氧阴离子(O2-)和二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的活性,其中N-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰基)-脱氢枞胺(6)对O-2的抑制率达到38.18%,是常用抗氧化药物Vc(18.35%)的两倍以上;对(DPPH·)的半数抑制浓度为0.002×103 mg/L,远优于Vc(0.236×103 mg/L).     

催化脱氢法合成新型偶氮化合物

催化脱氢法合成新型偶氮化合物王彩兰王玉炉王晓阳李建平王红马东兰（河南师范大学化学系新乡４５３００２）偶氮化合物是一类重要的有机化合物，它被广泛用作染料和分析试剂，还能用于现代科技中的非线性光学材料、油溶性染料等［１］。近来许多研究表明，偶氮苯类衍生物...     

立体专一性地合成Z-式2-烷氧羰基氨基-4-苯基-2-丁烯酸及酯

通过酸、碱催化异构化不稳定的Ｅ－异构体，从β－苯乙醇出发，经４步反应高度立体选择性地合成了Ｚ－脱氢氨基酸衍生物，Ｚ－式含量可达高达９９％以上。     

CdS纳米片与纳米线负载Au25纳米团簇光催化苯甲醇无氧脱氢制苯甲醛反应的研究(英文)

光催化苯甲醇直接脱氢制苯甲醛是一种利用太阳能合成精细化学品的同时生成氢气的节能途径。负载型半导体CdS基催化剂是该反应的一类典型的光催化剂。文献报道CdS的形貌对光催化水分解的性能有明显的影响,但其在光催化苯甲醇无氧脱氢制苯甲醛反应中的形貌效应研究报道极少。本工作合成了纳米片状(NS)和纳米线状(NW)两种不同形貌的CdS,发现CdS-NS表现出比CdS-NW更高的转化苯甲醇的光催化活性,但这两种催化剂对苯甲醛的选择性非常低。通过在CdS-NS和CdS-NW上负载Au₂₅纳米团簇,光催化苯甲醇无氧脱氢制苯甲醛反应的活性和选择性明显提高,并显著减弱了CdS载体的形貌对催化反应性能的影响。以上结果为设计合成精细化学品的高效光催化剂提供了参考。     

分子筛性质对Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应的影响

 通过改变合成条件与合成体系，考察了不同硅源合成的HZSM－5分子筛对Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应性能的影响．结果表明，用水玻璃合成的HZSM－5分子筛负载Mo后，其催化性能优于用硅溶胶合成的分子筛．1HMASNMR测定结果表明，前者的Br¨onsted酸 浓度较后者大．通过改变合成条件，减小HZSM－5分子筛的粒度，可以提高催化剂在甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应中的稳定性．     

冲击波法合成的铁酸锌光催化活性的研究

冲击波法合成的铁酸锌光催化活性的研究刘建军，吕功煊，贺红亮，谭华，徐洮，徐康（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州７３００００）（中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，冲击波物理和爆轰物理实验室，成都６１０００３）关键词铁酸锌，冲击波，光催化活性，硫化氢Ｓ...     

两类脱氢松香胺Schiff碱类衍生物的合成及其离子识别性能

以脱氢松香胺和降解脱氢松香胺为起始反应物,通过与一系列醛缩合,得到两个系列的脱氢松香胺Schiff碱类衍生物2a～2f和4a～4e.其结构用1H NMR,3C NMR,MS,IR和元素分析等分析手段进行了确证.随后对所合成的脱氢松香胺Schiff碱类衍生物进行了阴、阳离子的识别能力研究,并对其结构与离子识别能力的关系进行了探讨.     

脱氢丙氨酸合成方法研究

脱氢氨基酸(DHA)是许多天然抗生素肽和活性真菌代谢物如枯草菌素(subtilin)、乳酸链球菌(Nisin)等的重要组成部分及非天然氨基酸和肽合成中的一类重要中间体,同时也是研究催化氢化的极好的底物。脱氢丙氨酸的合成方法很多,但产率都不高(58％左右)。     

Expanding the Chemical Space of Non-Proteinogenic N4-Substituted Asparagine: Racemic,Enantioenriched, and Deuterated Derivatives

A site-selective carbamoylation strategy to access non-proteinogenic N⁴-modified asparagines has been described. The protocol is characterized by mild reaction conditions, high functional group compatibility, and a wide diversity of functionalized carbamoyl radicals making possible the access to peptides, pharmaceuticals, and natural N⁴-asparagine conjugates, as well as enantioenriched unnatural N⁴-asparagines. Besides that, deuterated analogues were achieved with the insertion of D₂O and enantioenriched derivatives could be obtained in 15 min in continuous-flow conditions.     

Synthesis of Tetrapeptides Containing Dehydroalanine,Dehydrophenylalanine and Oxazole as Building Blocks for Construction of Foldamers and Bioinspired Catalysts

The incorporation of dehydroamino acid or fragments of oxazole into peptide chain is accompanied by a distorted three-dimensional structure and additionally enables the introduction of non-typical side-chain substituents. Thus, such compounds could be building blocks for obtaining novel foldamers and/or artificial enzymes (artzymes). In this paper, effective synthetic procedures leading to such building blocks—tetrapeptides containing glycyldehydroalanine, glycyldehydrophenylalanine, and glycyloxazole subunits—are described. Peptides containing serine were used as substrates for their conversion into peptides containing dehydroalanine and aminomethyloxazole-4-carboxylic acid while considering possible requirements for the introduction of these fragments into long-chain peptides at the last steps of synthesis.     

A Water-Soluble Iridium Photocatalyst for Chemical Modification of Dehydroalanines in Peptides and Proteins

Dehydroalanine (Dha) residues are attractive noncanonical amino acids that occur naturally in ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Dha residues are attractive targets for selective late-stage modification of these complex biomolecules. In this work, we show the selective photocatalytic modification of dehydroalanine residues in the antimicrobial peptide nisin and in the proteins small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP). For this purpose, a new water-soluble iridium(III) photoredox catalyst was used. The design and synthesis of this new photocatalyst, [Ir(dF(CF₃)ppy)₂(dNMe₃bpy)]Cl₃, is presented. In contrast to commonly used iridium photocatalysts, this complex is highly water soluble and allows peptides and proteins to be modified in water and aqueous solvents under physiologically relevant conditions, with short reaction times and with low reagent and catalyst loadings. This work suggests that photoredox catalysis using this newly designed catalyst is a promising strategy to modify dehydroalanine-containing natural products and thus could have great potential for novel bioconjugation strategies.     

Activity‐Based Probes Developed by Applying a Sequential Dehydroalanine Formation Strategy to Expressed Proteins Reveal a Potential α‐Globin‐Modulating Deubiquitinase

We report a general and novel semisynthetic strategy for the preparation of ubiquitinated protein‐activity‐based probes on the basis of sequential dehydroalanine formation on expressed proteins. We applied this approach to construct a physiologically and therapeutically relevant ubiquitinated α‐globin probe, which was used for the enrichment and proteomic identification of α‐globin‐modulating deubiquitinases. We found USP15 as a potential deubiquitinase for the modulation of α‐globin, an excess of which aggravates β‐thalassemia symptoms. This development opens new opportunities for activity‐based‐probe design to shed light on the important aspects underlying ubiquitination and deubiquitination in health and disease.     

Site-Specific Conversion of Cysteine in a Protein to Dehydroalanine Using 2-Nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic Acid

Dehydroalanine exists natively in certain proteins and can also be chemically made from the protein cysteine. As a strong Michael acceptor, dehydroalanine in proteins has been explored to undergo reactions with different thiolate reagents for making close analogues of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including a variety of lysine PTMs. The chemical reagent 2-nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid (NTCB) selectively modifies cysteine to form S-cyano-cysteine, in which the S–Cβ bond is highly polarized. We explored the labile nature of this bond for triggering E2 elimination to generate dehydroalanine. Our results indicated that when cysteine is at the flexible C-terminal end of a protein, the dehydroalanine formation is highly effective. We produced ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins with a C-terminal dehydroalanine residue with high yields. When cysteine is located at an internal region of a protein, the efficiency of the reaction varies with mainly hydrolysis products observed. Dehydroalanine in proteins such as ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins can serve as probes for studying pathways involving ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins and it is also a starting point to generate proteins with many PTM analogues; therefore, we believe that this NTCB-triggered dehydroalanine formation method will find broad applications in studying ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein pathways and the functional annotation of many PTMs in proteins such as histones.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (R)-S-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)cysteines by nucleophilic addition of triazolethiols to a NiII complex with a chiral dehydroalanine Schiff base

An efficient method was developed for the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-S-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)cysteines by the addition of 3,4-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole-5-thiols at the electrophilic C=C bond in a Ni^II complex of a Schiff base of dehydroalanine with (S)-N-(N-benzylprolyl)aminobenzophenone. The stereoselectivity of the formation of diastereomeric complexes with the (S,R) configuration under conditions of thermodynamic control of the nucleophilic addition exceeds 94%. Acid treatment of the reaction mixtures afforded enantiomerically pure (R)-S-hetarylcysteines (ee >98%).     

Posttranslational Chemical Mutagenesis Methods to Insert Posttranslational Modifications into Recombinant Proteins

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) dramatically expand the functional diversity of the proteome. The precise addition and removal of PTMs appears to modulate protein structure and function and control key regulatory processes in living systems. Deciphering how particular PTMs affect protein activity is a current frontier in biology and medicine. The large number of PTMs which can appear in several distinct positions, states, and combinations makes preparing such complex analogs using conventional biological and chemical tools challenging. Strategies to access homogeneous and precisely modified proteins with desired PTMs at selected sites and in feasible quantities are critical to interpreting their molecular code. Here, we summarize recent advances in posttranslational chemical mutagenesis and late-stage functionalization chemistry to transfer novel PTM mimicry into recombinant proteins with emphasis on novel transformations.     

Asymmetric synthesis ofS-alkyl-substituted (R)-cysteinesvia a chiral NiII complex of the Schiff's base of dehydroalanine with (S)-2-N-(N-benzylprolyl)aminobenzophenone

An efficient procedure was developed for the asymmetric synthesis ofS-alkyl derivatives of (R)-cysteine by nucleophilic addition of alkanethiols (BuⁿSH, Bu^tSH, ortert-C₅H₁₁SH) to the C=C bond of the dehydroalanine fragment in the Ni^II complex of the Schiff's base of Δ-Ala with (S)-2-N-(N-benzylprolyl)aminobenzophenone [(S)-BPB-Δ-Ala]Ni^II. Under conditions of thermodynamic control of the reaction, the diastereomeric excess of the complexes with the (S.R)-configuration was 88–96%. After decomposition of the complexes,(R)-S-butylcysteine,(R)-S-tert-butylcysteine, and(R)-S-tert-pentylcysteine were isolated with an enantiomeric purity of >97%. Published inIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1467–1470, August, 2000.